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Objective: The fatigue strength of a new type of vertical retort under the cyclic load of heat engine was studied, especially the residual fatigue life of the pot body after the crack appeared and the factors affecting the fatigue crack propagation of the germicidal pot. Methods: The mechanical characteristics of retort under sterilization and three kinds of cyclic loads were analyzed by Workbench, the design fatigue life of the retort under three alternating stresses was studied based on the S-N curve. The effect of the initial crack size, pressure and temperature on the stress strength factor and residual fatigue life of the crack retort were studied based on fracture mechanics. Results: The design fatigue life of this type of vertical retort was calculated to be 5×105 times, which meet the design requirements, and has a certain safety margin. Based on the fracture mechanics analysis, the crack size life curve of the sterilization retort was obtained, and the residual life of the sterilization retort with defects was predicted, which had certain innovation. Conclusion: Attention should be paid to the occurrence and propagation of cracks in the pot during use. The strength analysis and life prediction analysis of crack defects in the sterilization retort can be carried out according to the method proposed in this paper and experiment.

Objective: In order to explore the distribution law of the flow channel of polylactic acid in different screw contact states of the counter-rotating twin-screw extruder. Methods: Partially meshing screw and non-meshing screw were established by Solidworks software. Numerical sim-ulation was carried out using POLYFLOW fluid simulation software. The pressure field, shear rate field and viscosity field of polylactic acid fluid under different contact states of three screws were compared. Results: The counter-rotating twin-screw extruder in the partially meshed state has better pressure-building ability and dispersing and mixing ability for polylactic acid. Conclusion: The extrusion effect of polylactic acid in the partially meshed state is better than the other two screw contact states.

Objective: To explore the influence of different screw configurations of intermeshing co-rotating twin -screw extruder on the flow field and improve the material properties of PLA. Methods: The geometric model of double threaded element was established by using Solidworks software, and the numerical simulation was carried out in Polyflow. The post-processing analysis of the simulation results was carried out with the help of Fieldview software. The shear rate field, pressure field, velocity field, viscosity field and the residence time distribution RTD were compared to obtain the influence of screw groove depth on the flow field. Results: When the center distance was the same, the depth of the screw groove was changed by changing the ratio of the outer diameter to the inner diameter of the threaded element, physical fields and mixing performance had great differences in the flow field of intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder under the same process conditions. Compared with configuration 2, configuration 1 had stronger shear effect, but configuration 2 had better pressure building ability. In the extrusion process, configuration 2 had good axial mixing ability but poor self-cleaning ability, while configuration 1 had poor axial mixing ability and good self-cleaning ability. Conclusion: The change in screw groove depth has certain effects and rules on the mixing performance of the flow field, which can effectively guide the design of threaded element for twin-screw extruder.

The use of microbial inoculant is a promising strategy to improve plant health, but their efficiency often faces challenges due to difficulties in successful microbial colonization in soil environments. To this end, the application of biostimulation products derived from microbes is expected to resolve these barriers via direct interactions with plants or soil pathogens. However, their effectiveness and mechanisms for promoting plant growth and disease resistance remain elusive. In this study, we showed that root irrigation with the extracts of Streptomyces ahygroscopicus strain 769 (S769) solid fermentation products significantly reduced watermelon Fusarium wilt disease incidence by 30% and increased the plant biomass by 150% at a fruiting stage in a continuous cropping field. S769 treatment led to substantial changes in both bacterial and fungal community compositions, and induced a highly interconnected microbial association network in the rhizosphere. The root transcriptome analysis further suggested that S769 treatment significantly improved the expression of the MAPK signalling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and plant–pathogen interactions, particular those genes related to PR‐1 and ethylene, as well as genes associated with auxin production and reception. Together, our study provides mechanistic and empirical evidences for the biostimulation products benefiting plant health through coordinating plant and rhizosphere microbiome interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new triterpenoid glycosides, 2α,3α,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12,19- dien-oic acid 28-O-β- D -glucopyranoside (1), 2α,3β,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12, 19(29) -dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β- D -glucopyranoside (2), and 2α,3β,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs-12, 18-dien-28-oic acid 28-O-β- D -glucopyranoside (3) were isolated from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. All the isolated compounds displayed moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Further investigation on the roots of Aconitum weixiense led to the isolation of two new bis-diterpenoid alkaloids, named as weisaconitines E and F (1–2), which were elucidated by IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. Their structures are characterized as denudatine-atisine-type bis-diterpenoid alkaloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) leads to extensive degradation of the quality of life of patients. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects on status epilepticus. Herein, the current study set out to explore the functional mechanism of GA in TLE young rats. Firstly, TLE young rat models were established using the lithium chloride and pilocarpine regimen and then subjected to treatment with different doses of GA, miR‐194‐5p‐antagomir, or/and sh‐prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) to observe changes in iron content, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, and GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) and PTGS2 protein levels in the hippocampus. Neuronal injury and apoptosis were assessed through HE, Nissl, and TUNEL staining. Additionally, the expression patterns of miR‐194‐5p were detected. The binding site of miR‐194‐5p and PTGS2 was verified with a dual‐luciferase assay. Briefly, different doses of GA (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) reduced the epileptic score, frequency, and duration in TLE young rats, along with reductions in iron content, lipid peroxidation, neuronal injury, and apoptosis in the hippocampus. Silencing of miR‐194‐5p partly annulled the action of GA on inhibiting ferroptosis and attenuating neuronal injury in TLE young rats. Additionally, PTGS2 was validated as a target of miR‐194‐5p. GA inhibited ferroptosis and ameliorated neuronal injury in TLE young rats via the miR‐194‐5p/PTGS2 axis. Overall, our findings indicated that GA exerts protective effects on TLE young rats against neuronal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through the miR‐194‐5p/PTGS2 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We report two cases diagnosed as acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) with acute onset and various clinical manifestations. Methods: The patients' data were obtained from the medical records of the Binzhou Medical University Hospital in Binzhou, China. The clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, neuroimaging, treatment, and prognosis of the 2 patients were collected and analyzed. Results: We report 2 adult ANE patients with acute onset. The first symptom was fever, followed by symptoms and signs of damage to the central nervous system. The patients were infected with herpes simplex virus and influenza virus, respectively. The main manifestation on brain magnetic resonance imaging was a mixed-signal of a "three-layer structure" in the bilateral thalamus. The first patient died. Based on the experience of the diagnosis and treatment of the first patient, combined with a review of the literature, the second patient was immediately treated with glucocorticoid pulse therapy combined with gamma globulin injection. This patient's condition was controlled, and the prognosis was good. Conclusions: This study describes the clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, neuroimaging evidence, and treatment experience of ANE in adults. We believe that the progress of the disease may be controlled, and the prognosis may be improved if glucocorticoid pulse therapy combined with gamma globulin injection is used as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and the copper-containing nitrite reductase (NirK) plays a pivotal role in AOA metabolism. However, distribution and function of nirK gene-containing thaumarchaea (AnirK) have rarely been estimated, especially in terrestrial ecosystems. Methods: Soil and sediment samples were taken from 20 sites including coastal mud flat, freshwater wetland, paddy soil, agricultural upland, and forest soil. Potential N2O production rates, community composition, and transcriptional activity of nirK gene-containing thaumarchaea in different habitats were investigated by combining field surveys with microcosm incubations. Results: AnirK gene abundance and N2O production rates were significantly higher in flooded habitats like freshwater wetland and paddy soil than in agricultural upland and forest soils. In comparison to the AOA amoA gene, AnirK gene was less diverse and mainly affiliated within Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum, Nitrosopumilus, and Candidatus Nitrosotenuis (Group I.1a) and Candidatus Nitrosotalea (Group I.1a-associated). Microcosm incubations further demonstrated that AnirK gene transcription activity was significantly higher than bacterial nirK and nirS genes, corresponding to the high nitrate reduction and N2O emissions in wetland and paddy soil. Nitrosopumilus in coastal sediment and Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum in paddy soil and wetland were identified as the active AnirK gene carriers. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the AnirK gene was widely present in coastal sediment and terrestrial ecosystem like wetland and paddy soils, and that AnirK gene-containing Nitrosopumilus and Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum are potential active contributors to nitrite reduction and N2O production in these ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plants form complex interaction networks with diverse microbiomes in the environment, and the intricate interplay between plants and their associated microbiomes can greatly influence ecosystem processes and functions. The phyllosphere, the aerial part of the plant, provides a unique habitat for diverse microbes, and in return the phyllosphere microbiome greatly affects plant performance. As an open system, the phyllosphere is subjected to environmental perturbations, including global change, which will impact the crosstalk between plants and their microbiomes. In this review, we aim to provide a synthesis of current knowledge of the complex interactions between plants and the phyllosphere microbiome under global changes and to identify future priority areas of research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten undescribed sesquiterpenoids were isolated from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb., including (4R,5S,6R,8R,10R)-4-hydroxy-6-O-β-d-glucosyleudesman-7(11)-en-8,12-olide (1), (1R,4R,5R,8S,10R)-1,4-dihydroxy-15-(2-methylbutyryloxy)eudesman-7(11)-en-8,12-olide (2),(1R,4S,5R,8S,10R)-1,4-dihydroxy-15-(2-methylbutyryloxy)eudesman-7(11)-en-8,12-olide (3), (1R,3S,4R,5S,8S,9S,10S)-8,9-epoxy-15-hydroxylindenran-7(11)-en-8,12-olide (4), (1R,3S,4R,5S,8S,9S,10S)-8,9,15-trihydroxylindenran-7(11)-en-8,12-olide (5), (1R,3S,4R,5S,6R,8S,10S)-6-acetoxyl-4-hydroxy-15-O-β-d-glucosyllindenran-7(11)-en-8,12-olide (6), (1R,3S,4R,5S,6R,8S,10S)-15-hydroxy-4-O-β-d-glucosyllindenran-7(11),8(9)-dien-8,12-olide (7), japonilides A-C (8-10), along with 19 known compounds. Compounds 8-10 are rare 5,6-seco-germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, and only one of this type sesquiterpenoid has been reported to be isolated from C. anhuiensis. 9-Ketocurzerene (27) was first reported from a natural source. The structures and absolute configurations of the compounds were elucidated through a combination of spectroscopic data interpretation, quantum-chemical calculation, DP4+ probability analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 8, 12, 16 and 22 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, with IC 50 values of 22.99 ± 2.71, 24.34 ± 1.36, 23.69 ± 2.83, and 21.23 ± 1.34 μmol/L, respectively. Western blotting studies demonstrated that compound 8 inhibited the expression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, which act as key mediators in the inflammatory response., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Gastroduodenal tuberculosis (GD-TB) is exceptionally rare. The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal TB are diverse and non-specific, which makes diagnosis difficult, leading to delayed diagnosis and high mortality. As a peer-reviewer of World Journal of Clinical Cases , I would like to share my opinion on the article published by this journal. The patient had no family history of TB or contact with people with TB. Primary GD-TB presenting as gastric outlet obstruction and normal findings of thoracic computed tomography increased the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment in this patient. The diagnosis and treatment scheme of this typical case have reference value for the clinical treatment of GD-TB., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Biological nitrogen fixation is the main source of nitrogen in ecosystems. The diversity of soil rhizobia and their effects on soybeans need further research. In this study, we collected soybean rhizosphere samples from eight sites in the black soil soybean planting area in Northeast China. A total of 94 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified using the 16S rRNA and symbiotic genes ( nodC, nifH ) analysis, of which 70 strains were identified as rhizobia belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium . To further validate the application effects of rhizobia, we selec-ted seven representative indigenous rhizobia based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, and conducted laboratory experiments to determine their nodulation and the impacts on soybeans. The results showed that, compared to the control without rhizobial inoculation, all the seven indigenous rhizobia exhibited good promoting and nodulation abilities. Among them, strains H7-L22 and H34-L6 performed the best, with the former significantly increasing plant height by 25.7% and the latter increasing root nodule dry weight by 20.9% to 67.1% compared to other indi-genous rhizobia treatments. We tested these two efficient rhizobia strains as soybean rhizobial inoculants in field experiments. The promoting effect of mixed rhizobial inoculants was significantly better than single ones. Compared to the control without inoculation, soybean yield increased by 8.4% with the strain H7-L22 treatment and by 17.9% with the mixed inoculant treatment. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the number of four-seed pods in soybeans. In conclusion, the application of rhizobial inoculants can significantly increase soybean yield, thereby reducing dependence on nitrogen fertilizer during soybean production, improving soil health, and promoting green development in agriculture in the black soil region of Northeast China.

Chengde's transitional region from plateau to plain is located in the transition zone of agriculture and livestock and is extremely sensitive to climate change and human activities. This study used the net primary productivity(NPP) of vegetation as an evaluation index to quantify the degree impacts of climate change and human activities on vegetation change in the region. The Thornthwaite Memorial model was used to calculate the potential NPP, and the actual NPP was obtained based on MODIS NPP remote sensing images, using the difference between the actual and potential NPPs to express the amount of change in NPP owing to human activities. We used the slope trend and coefficient of variation method to analyze the trend and stability distribution of the actual NPP, potential NPP, and NPP influenced by human activities, and the correlation between actual NPP and annual precipitation and annual average temperature was analyzed using the correlation coefficient method. Finally, we quantified the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation change in the region. The results showed that 99.87% of the vegetation in the region was improved and changed steadily, and the proportions of the areas showing positive correlation between actual NPP and annual precipitation and annual average temperature were 99.87% and 91.66%, respectively. The potential NPP showed an increasing trend from northwest to southeast, whereas the trend and stability of the potential NPP both showed an increasing trend from west to east. The area where climate change and human activities played a role in vegetation improvement accounted for 99.71%, and that affected by climate change accounted for 0.14%, with the proportion of human activities leading to vegetation degradation being 0.15%.

Background: As one of the most serious types of coronary heart disease, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) faces huge challenges in the equal management and care of patients due to its life-threatening and time-critical condition. Health inequalities such as sex and age differences in STEMI care have been reported from developed countries. However, limited outcomes have been investigated and the major drivers of inequality are still unclear, especially in under-developed areas. This study aimed to explore the major drivers of health inequalities in STEMI care before implementation of a new regional network in the south-west of China., Methods: Prefecture-level data of STEMI patients before the implementation of a regional network were analysed retrospectively. Drivers of inequality were identified from six social determinants of health, namely area of residence, ethnicity, sex, age, education and occupation. Outcomes of STEMI care included timely presentation, reperfusion therapy, timely reperfusion therapy, heart failure, inpatient mortality, length of hospital stay, hospital costs, and various intervals of ischaemic time., Results: A total of 376 STEMI patients in the research area before implementation of the STEMI network were included. Compared with urban residents, rural patients were significantly less likely to have timely presentation (odds ratio [OR]=0.47, 95% CI: 0.28-0.80, P =.004) and timely reperfusion therapy (OR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.14-0.70, P =.005). Rural residents were less likely to present to hospital promptly than urban residents (HR=0.65, 95% CI=0.52-0.82, P <.001). In the first 3 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion delay and first 6 hours of total ischaemic time, rural patients had a significantly lower probability to receive prompt PCI (hazard ratio [HR]=0.40, 95% CI: 0.29-0.54, P <.001) and reperfusion therapy (HR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.25-0.56, P <.001) compared to urban patients., Conclusion: Rural residents were a major vulnerable group before implementation of the regional STEMI network. No obvious inequalities in ethnicity, sex, age, education or occupation existed in STEMI care in Chuxiong Prefecture of China., (© 2022 The Author(s); Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.)