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Abstract Purpose Previous studies suggest an association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the diverse stages of CKD and the cognitive performance of elderly American adults. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were used. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and the restricted cubic spline model were used to assess the associations of CKD stage and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cognitive performance. The measures used to evaluate cognitive function included the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) test, the Animal Fluency test, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Results This study included 2234 participants aged ≥ 60 years. According to the fully adjusted model, stages 3–5 CKD were significantly associated with the CERAD test score (OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.51, 0.97], p = 0.033), the Animal Fluency test score (OR = 0.64, 95% CI [0.48, 0.85], p = 0.005), and the DSST score (OR = 0.60, 95% CI [0.41, 0.88], p = 0.013). In addition, the incidence of poor cognitive function increased with decreasing eGFR, especially for individuals with low and moderate eGFRs. Both the DSST score (p nonlinearity

Mandatory land expropriation, resettlement and welfare loss of landless peasants have received increasing research attention. However, in most previous analyses, the loss of psychological welfare of landless farmers is often neglected, which may lead to biased land requisition compensation and resettlement programs and incomplete policy recommendations. This study attempts to use a three-dimensional framework of place attachment to analyze the causes of psychological welfare loss. China’s land expropriation and centralized resettlement cut off the material and emotional ties between farmers and land. Farmers’ dependence on land, or their dependence on land-dependent farming lifestyle, has been neglected in the process of land acquisition and resettlement, resulting in the loss of farmers’ psychological welfare. Based on a comparative analysis of the existing methods, this paper chooses the contingent valuation method (CVM) to measure the loss of psychological welfare of landless peasants via monetization. The feasibility of the model has been tested at a small scale in nine cities. The results show that 1) farmers have strong place attachment on agricultural land, although centralized land expropriation and resettlement have neglected this dependence and caused psychological welfare losses to landless peasants; and 2) the loss of psychological welfare of landless peasants can be measured by the CVM and presented in monetary units. The monetization measurement method in this paper still has some shortcomings and its feasibility requires more empirical tests. However, as a rare monetization measurement study, this paper can direct academic and policy attention towards this psychological welfare loss.

Carbendazim, belonging to fungicides, was commonly used for controlling crop diseases, resulting in frequent residues in fruits and vegetables. Washing was the initial step of household fruit processing for cleaning and reducing pollutant contents. However, the effect of washing on the removal of carbendazim in apples was not systemically studied. Thus, in this study, an analytical method was firstly established for the determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision through quick, simple, cheap, effective and safe (QuEChERS) method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD). Then, the influencing factors were systematically researched to unveil their effects on the carbendazim residue in apples. The results indicated that water temperature, washing products and washing method could obviously affect the carbendazim content in apples. In addition, the best cleaning scheme for removal of carbendazim was soaking apples for 5 min in a cleaning solution, which was prepared by dissolving 8 g of commercial fruit washing soup with 500 ml of water 3145. Under this condition, the removal rate of carbendazim in the washing step reached 73.91%. This study will be helpful for providing guidance for household cleaning methods for controlling pesticide residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea infusion is the main route of human exposure to pollutants in tea, and it is vital to investigate the transfer rate of pollutants from tea leaves to infusion. Carbendazim is a commonly used systemic fungicide, the transfer behavior of which in Yingshan Yunwu tea is not clear. Hence, this study firstly established the analytical method for determination of carbendazim with great accuracy and precision via modified QuEChERS method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (UPLC-FLD). Then, the transfer behavior of carbendazim from tea leaves and infusion was systematically investigated. Results indicated that water temperature and proportion of tea to water ration would obviously increase the transfer rate of carbendazim, but times of infusion repetition showed negative correlation with the transfer rate of carbendazim. In addition, brewing time seemed to have lesser impact on the transfer rate. This study will be helpful for the risk assessment of carbendazim residue and provide the guidance for tea brewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theaflavins (TFs), as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea, possess beneficial effects on human health. In this study, the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed. The optimal formulation of TF effervescent tablets was obtained by response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design. Then, the physiochemical properties were evaluated, including hardness, friability, effervescent time and pH of the solution. At last, the antioxidant ability of TF effervescent tablets was studied through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay. According to the results, the optimal formulation of the tablets contained TF powder 9.09%, disintegrating agent 43.80% (the weight ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate was 1:1), aspartame 1.86%, PEG-600 3%, and mannitol in balance. With the wet granulation method, the TF effervescent tablets displayed suitable hardness, fast disintegration time, good color, pleasant taste and high antioxidant activity. This study demonstrated that the TF effervescent tablets could be a valuable product for the supplement market and contribute to promoting practical application of TFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective extraction of building edge information based on high-resolution remote sensing images is the basis for efficient urban 3D modeling. Existing building extraction methods still have some problems, such as an uncertain segmentation scale, effective feature selection, and sample selection. In this paper, we propose a practical building extraction method based on convolutional network edge-enhanced attention U2-Net (EA U2-Net) to accurately achieve multi-scale extraction of buildings from remote sensing imagery. First, the U2-Net is used as the backbone network for building extraction because each stage of the network is filled by residual U-block (RSU), and the network can better aggregate multi-scale features. Second, the building edge feature map is introduced into the generation network to compensate for the problems of insufficient extracted building edge features and loss of detail. Finally, the convolutional block attention module is used to achieve effective feature extraction of buildings. We performed the experiment on the WHU building dataset, and the experimental results showed that the EA U2-Net model has significantly improved the ability to extract buildings, with an accuracy of 96.30%, a recall rate of 94.91%, f1 of 95.26%, and iou of 91.57%. This proves that EA U 2 - Net can achieve better remote sensing image-building segmentation results. Finally, in view of the problem that the deep learning network relies on training samples, this study examined the influence of the number of building samples, sample purity, and sample resolution on the effect of building extraction. The results confirmed that reasonable sample parameter settings can improve the target extraction accuracy and the optimal sample parameter combination was verified in this experiment.