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With the continuous development of ablation technology, ablation has become a new treatment option for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Numerous clinical studies have been carried out recently to confirm the viability, safety, and long-term effectiveness of different ablation procedures in the treatment of PTMC. In order to give the most up-to-date information and treatment choices for PTMC, this article examines current ablation therapy options for PTMC and their effectiveness.

Nitrogen (N) immobilization (Nim, including microbial N assimilation) and plant N uptake (PNU) are the two most important pathways of N retention in soils. The ratio of Nim to PNU (hereafter Nim:PNU ratio) generally reflects the degree of N limitation for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the key factors driving the pattern of Nim:PNU ratio across global ecosystems remain unclear. Here, using a global data set of 1018 observations from 184 studies, we examined the relative importance of mycorrhizal associations, climate, plant, and soil properties on the Nim:PNU ratio across terrestrial ecosystems. Our results show that mycorrhizal fungi type (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi) in combination with soil inorganic N mainly explain the global variation in the Nim:PNU ratio in terrestrial ecosystems. In AM fungi‐associated ecosystems, the relationship between Nim and PNU displays a weaker negative correlation (r = −.06, p <.001), whereas there is a stronger positive correlation (r =.25, p <.001) in EM fungi‐associated ecosystems. Our meta‐analysis thus suggests that the AM‐associated plants display a weak interaction with soil microorganisms for N absorption, while EM‐associated plants cooperate with soil microorganisms. Furthermore, we find that the Nim:PNU ratio for both AM‐ and EM‐associated ecosystems gradually converge around a stable value (13.8 ± 0.5 for AM‐ and 12.1 ± 1.2 for EM‐associated ecosystems) under high soil inorganic N conditions. Our findings highlight the dependence of plant–microbial interaction for N absorption on both plant mycorrhizal association and soil inorganic N, with the stable convergence of the Nim:PNU ratio under high soil N conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DJ‐1, also known as Parkinson's disease protein 7 (Park7), is a multifunctional protein that regulates oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Dysfunction of DJ‐1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of PD. Here we show that homocysteine thiolactone (HTL), a reactive thioester of homocysteine (Hcy), covalently modifies DJ‐1 on the lysine 182 (K182) residue in an age‐dependent manner. The N‐homocysteinylation (N‐hcy) of DJ‐1 abolishes its neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbating cell toxicity. Blocking the N‐hcy of DJ‐1 restores its protective effect. These results indicate that the N‐hcy of DJ‐1 abolishes its neuroprotective effect and promotes the progression of PD. Inhibiting the N‐hcy of DJ‐1 may exert neuroprotective effect against PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines are the core of two‐line hybrid rice (Oryza sativa). However, elevated or unstable critical sterility‐inducing temperatures (CSITs) of TGMS lines are bottlenecks that restrict the development of two‐line hybrid rice. However, the genes and molecular mechanisms controlling CSIT remain unknown.Here, we report the CRITICAL STERILITY‐INDUCING TEMPERATURE 2 (CSIT2) that encodes a really interesting new gene (RING) type E3 ligase, controlling the CSIT of thermo‐sensitive male sterility 5 (tms5)‐based TGMS lines through ribosome‐associated protein quality control (RQC).CSIT2 binds to the large and small ribosomal subunits and ubiquitinates 80S ribosomes for dissociation, and may also ubiquitinate misfolded proteins for degradation. Mutation of CSIT2 inhibits the possible damage to ubiquitin system and protein translation, which allows more proteins such as catalases to accumulate for anther development and inhibits abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and premature programmed cell death (PCD) in anthers, partly rescuing male sterility and raised the CSIT of tms5‐based TGMS lines.These findings reveal a mechanism controlling CSIT and provide a strategy for solving the elevated or unstable CSITs of tms5‐based TGMS lines in two‐line hybrid rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important metabolite in methionine metabolism. When the metabolic pathway of homocysteine is abnormal, it will accumulate in the body and eventually lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. In recent years, many studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is related to the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease. This study reviews the roles of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and illustrates the harmful effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]