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As an emerging form of accommodation in the leisure and vacation era, the relation marketing of homestays is an important factor in promoting a good relation between hosts and guests and stimulating the citizenship behavior of customers. Customer citizenship behavior is necessary to enhance the customer travel experience and promote the high-quality development of the homestay industry. Stimulating customer citizenship through relation marketing is an important scientific issue that needs to be addressed for the high-quality development of homestays. Based on social exchange theory and attribution theory, this study analyzes the relation between homestay staff and customers and refines the two-dimensional structure of homestay customer citizenship behavior, confirming the mediating effect of relation quality on the influence of relation marketing on helping behavior and deepening the understanding of the moderating effect of motivational attribution on the influence of relation marketing on customer citizenship behavior. The influence mechanism of customer citizenship behavior was clarified. The research results show that customer citizenship behavior in the homestay context consists of two dimensions: helping behavior and tolerant behavior, indicating that the structure of customer citizenship behavior in different contexts is still different. Second, the main effects of relation marketing on relation quality and customer citizenship behavior are significant. That is, a homestay can improve the quality of its relation with customers through instrumental behaviors, such as information communication, and emotional behaviors, such as human investment. Customer citizenship behavior is an important behavioral response to relation marketing. Third, relation quality mediates the relation between marketing and helping behavior, indicating that relation marketing promotes customer trust in homestays and understanding the reciprocity of behavior, which in turn promotes customer helping behavior. Fourth, motivational attribution has a moderating effect on the influence of relation marketing on tolerant behavior. This shows that in altruistic motive attribution, the more customers perceive relation marketing, the more they can feel the good experience brought about by homestay staff, so they voluntarily adopt tolerant behavior in the face of service failure, based on the principle of reciprocity in social exchange theory. This study combines the social exchange and attribution theories to explain the mechanism of customer citizenship behavior in the context of homestay services. While enriching the research content of high-quality development of homestay, it constructs a discourse system with more"relation" characteristics for tourism marketing, broadens the tourism application scenarios of relation marketing theory in practice, helps homestay maintain a good relation between host and client, stimulates customer citizenship behavior, and contributes to the development of homestay tourism services and products.

Background: Red tourism is a way of tourism with Chinese characteristics, carrying tourists' fresh emotions and value pursuit, and is an important part of the construction of tourists' well-being. Methods: Based on the stimulus-organic-response (SOR) theory and taking tourists' emotion and national identity as the mediating factors, this study researched on the mechanism of tourists' well-being in red tourism by constructing a structural equation model of red tourism experience and tourists' well-being. Results: (a) Red tourism experience has a significant positive impact on tourists' emotions (positive emotion and positive negative emotion), and tourists' emotions also have a significant positive impact on national identity; (b) Positive emotion and national identity have significant positive effects on tourists' well-being; (c) Tourists' emotions and national identity play a mediating role between red tourism experience and tourists' well-being. Conclusion: This study provides a valuable supplement to the literature on tourists' well-being in the context of red tourism, and the research results provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for the managers of red tourism destinations to formulate marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In tourism employment, the participation of farmers is closely linked to the development of ethnic villages. Existing literature often overlooks the role of farmers' non-economic rationality factors in their employment behavior. This study investigated the mechanism of farmers' livelihood capital, place attachment, and family care on their local tourism employment behavior. The research found: First, livelihood capital facilitates farmers' participation in local tourism employment, with place attachment mediating the correlation between livelihood capital and participation of farmers in local tourism employment, and family care positively moderating their participation in local tourism employment. Second, three distinct configurations drive farmers' participation in local tourism employment. Third, complementary and substitution effects exist between livelihood capitals. Fourth, place attachment and family care demonstrate a masking effect. The government should actively maintain farmers' place attachment, address farmers' family care difficulties, guide farmers to utilize the substitution and complementary influences of livelihood capital and select appropriate paths to promote farmers' participation in local tourism employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of tourism intervention and the reconfiguration of social networks among residents in ethnic villages, research on tourism support behavior is pivotal for comprehending the motivations behind resident participation and fostering sustainable tourism development. This study carried out a survey of 440 residents from Huangluo Yao Village and Jinkeng Dazhai Village in Longsheng County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, using a questionnaire and explored the influencing mechanism of social networks on tourism support behavior based on the cognitive–affective processing system (CAPS) theory using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that both strong and weak ties exert direct impacts on tourism support behavior while also indirectly influencing it via cultural identity. Furthermore, government governance capacity serves as a positive moderating factor in the relationships between ethnic village residents' social networks—both strong and weak—and cultural identity, as well as between weak ties and tourism support behavior. The conclusions drawn from this study not only enhance the understanding of the formation mechanisms underlying tourism support behavior but also offer valuable insights for local governments aiming to implement effective strategies to promote tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on social capital theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers in Goulanyao Village, and content analysis was used to sort out the social capital status of local farmers and how social capital shaped their tourism livelihood willingness. The results show that farmers affect their tourism livelihood willingness through four paths: the social network path, social norm path, social trust path, and cultural identity path. The mutual promotion and restriction relationship between the social network path, social norm path, and social trust path leads to the gradient difference in farmers' own social capital perception. Social capital and cultural identity jointly affect and determine the four modes of farmers' tourism livelihood willingness: rapid acceptance, hesitant acceptance, hesitant rejection, and rapid rejection. The research results supplement the achievements of social capital in rural tourism research and provide a reference for promoting farmers' tourism livelihood willingness and livelihood diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deviant peer affiliation (DPA) and moral disengagement (MD) play a vital role in adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration (CP). However, moderating mechanisms underlying this association remain largely unknown. Based on the Social-ecological conceptual framework of cyberbullying (SECF-C), we tested a moderated mediating model to examine whether MD mediated the relationships between DPA and CP and whether these mediating processes were moderated by neuroticism and gender. A sample of 777 adolescents (aged from 11 to 16 years) participated in our survey. The results revealed that MD partially mediated the connections between DPA and CP. Also, neuroticism moderated the relationship between DPA and CP in adolescent boys. Finally, neuroticism and gender moderated the relationship between MD and CP, revealing the conditional indirect effects of DPA on CP via MD. The indirect impact was more pronounced for boys and high neuroticism. These mechanisms have potential implications for developing tailored interventions and preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sn-10Bi low-bismuth-content solder alloy provides a potential alternative to the currently used Sn-Ag-Cu series due to its lower cost, excellent ductility, and strengthening resulting from the Bi solid solution and precipitation. This study primarily investigates the interfacial evolution and shear strength characteristics of Sn-10Bi joints on a Ni/Au surface finish during the as-soldered and subsequent isothermal aging processes. To improve the joint performance, a 0.2 or 0.5 wt.% dopant of Zn was incorporated into Sn-10Bi solder. The findings demonstrated that a 0.2 or 0.5 wt.% Zn dopant altered the composition of the intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the interface between the solder and Ni/Au surface finish from Ni3Sn4 to Ni3(Sn, Zn)4. The occurrence of this transformation is attributed to the diffusion of Zn atoms into the Ni3Sn4 lattice, resulting in the substitution of a portion of the Sn atoms by Zn atoms, thereby forming the Ni3(Sn, Zn)4 IMC during the soldering process, which was also verified by calculations based on first principles. Furthermore, a 0.2 or 0.5 wt.% Zn dopant in Sn-10Bi significantly inhibited the Ni3(Sn, Zn)4 growth after both the soldering and thermal aging processes. Zn addition can enhance the shear strength of solder joints irrespective of the as-soldered or aging condition. The fracture mode was determined by the aging durations—with the brittle mode occurring for as-soldered joints, the ductile mode occurring for aged joints after 10 days, and again the brittle mode for joints after 40 days of aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]