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The sub-Antarctic Magellan Ecoregion is a unique biogeographic area located at the southern tip of South America, which has exceptional marine flora and high endemism. Along the coastline, the ochrophytes Macrocystis pyrifera and Lessonia flavicans form vital underwater forests that serve as critical habitats, providing shelter, food and breeding grounds for a diverse marine organisms. These algal species are also important components used in the food industry and biomedicine, due to their high lipid, amino acid and fiber content. In this study, we investigated the intra-thallus variation of fatty acids among the different morphological structures (fronds, stipes and holdfast) of M. pyrifera and L. flavicans collected in Rinconada Bulnes during spring, 2021. The stipes of M. pyrifera (3.73 ± 1.73%) and the fronds of L. flavicans (3.35 ± 0.97%) both exhibited high lipid content. Saturated fatty acids were highest in the holdfast of M. pyrifera (37.82 ± 0.06%) followed by the fronds of L. flavicans (34.30 ± 0.10%). Notably, monounsaturated fatty acids showed higher levels en the holdfast of L. flavicans (46.45 ± 0.19%) followed by the stipes of M. pyrifera (43.04 ± 0.08%). The fronds of both M. pyrifera (32.38 ± 0.26%) and L. flavicans (28.89 ± 0.23%) showed high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These findings provide valuable insight into the intra-thallus variation of fatty acids in different morphological structures of M. pyrifera and L. flavicans, highlighting their potential nutritional and biomedical importance as the most representative kelps in the Magellan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the causal effect of COVID-19 quarantine measures on the electricity consumption of different types of regulated customers. In particular, the average energy consumption of a group of customers in Chile is examined, exploiting the weekly variations in the application of the stages of the Step by Step Plan as a natural experiment. Step by Step Plan was the Chile COVID containment strategy, which involved implementing partial lockdowns based on the COVID incidence in the municipalities, and adjusted on a weekly basis. An econometric model is specified, and estimated using the technique Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference (DDD) to quantify the causal impact of these measures. After applying the model, it is found that the quarantine measures have had a negative effect on the trend weekly consumption of customers located in municipalities where some of the phases of the Plan have been applied. This effect is significantly different depending on each stage of the plan analysis, and statistically significant. It is also observed that, on average, the savings for a representative customer in the sample range from $ 8 to $ 6. 15 for some municipalities, and the sample costs range from $ 0. 02 to $ 0. 26 for others, depending on the municipality analyzed. The results can be expressed in a total of 2.95 tons less CO 2 emitted on a monthly basis. This shows a great impact in terms of sustainability and planning of energy demand and supply. • Quarantines by Covid 19 affected energy consumption, like a "Natural Experiment". • Using Panel Data of 400 thousand observations with geographic, temporal and Daylight Saving Time controls. • Difference-in-Difference-in-Difference method to quantify causal impact of quarantines on electric consumption. • Applying quarantines generated Energetic Savings from 8 cents to 6.15 dollars depending on client type. • An Event Study was designed to check the estimation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]