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Abstract Introduction Although esophageal bronchogenic cysts are benign diseases, they may be accompanied by serious complications and have the possibility of recurrence. Therefore, once confirmed, it is necessary to treat the esophagobronchial cyst when the contraindication is excluded. Endoscopic treatment is usually used for lesions with small diameter and shallow origin, and has the advantages of small surgical trauma and risk, which can reduce the psychological burden of patients to a certain extent, help them to recover quickly, and lower hospital costs. Case presentation Case 1 is a 54-year-old Han Chinese man admitted to our hospital who complained of difficulty swallowing in the past 6 months. Case 2 is a 41-year-old Han Chinese man who was hospitalized in the past 3 months due to chest discomfort. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic cystic lesion arising from the muscularis propria. Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection was performed using a dual knife, and a cystic mass was observed between the mucosa and the muscular layers of the esophagus. On locating the cyst, an incision was made on the oral side of the lesion for evacuation. The cyst wall was excised using endoscopic argon plasma coagulation. We successfully removed the esophageal bronchogenic cyst lesion in the intrinsic muscle layer using submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. Conclusion Esophageal bronchogenic cysts are rare in clinical practice and lack specificity in clinical manifestations. Multiple methods can be used to determine the location and nature of the lesion and ultimately determine the treatment plan. Surgical resection and endoscopic treatment are two different treatment methods, and appropriate treatment plans need to be selected on the basis of the origin layer, size, and relationship with the esophagus of the lesion to reduce complications and improve prognosis.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the residual setup errors from differently shaped region of interest (ROI) and investigate if surface-guided setup can be used in radiotherapy with concurrent tumor treating fields (TTFields) for glioblastoma. Methods: Fifteen patients undergone glioblastoma radiotherapy with concurrent TTFields were involved. Firstly, four shapes of region of interest (ROI) (strip-shaped, T-shaped, ⊥ -shaped and cross-shaped) with medium size relative to the whole face were defined dedicate for patients wearing TTFields transducer arrays. Then, ROI-shape-dependent residual setup errors in six degrees were evaluated using an anthropomorphic head and neck phantom taking CBCT data as reference. Finally, the four types of residual setup errors were converted into corresponding dosimetry deviations (including the target coverage and the organ at risk sparing) of the fifteen radiotherapy plans using a feasible and robust geometric-transform-based method. Results: The algebraic sum of the average residual setup errors in six degrees (mm in translational directions and ° in rotational directions) of the four types were 6.9, 1.1, 4.1 and 3.5 respectively. In terms of the ROI-shape-dependent dosimetry deviations, the D98% of PTV dropped off by (3.4 ± 2.0)% (p < 0.05), (0.3 ± 0.5)% (p < 0.05), (0.9 ± 0.9)% (p < 0.05) and (1.1 ± 0.8)% (p < 0.05). The D98% of CTV dropped off by (0.5 ± 0.6)% (p < 0.05) for the strip-shaped ROI while remained unchanged for others. Conclusion: Surface-guided setup is feasible in radiotherapy with concurrent TTFields and a medium-sized T-shaped ROI is appropriate for the surface-based guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pinus yunnanensis Franch., one of the pioneer species of wild mountain afforestation in southwest China, plays an essential role in the economy, society and environment of Yunnan Province. Nonetheless, P. yunnanensis' trunk twisting and bending phenomenon has become more common, which significantly restricts its use and economic benefits. In order to clarify the compositional differences between the straight and twisted trunk types of P. yunnanensis and to investigate the reasons for the formation of twisted stems, the present study was carried out to dissect the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the straight and twisted trunk types of P. yunnanensis, to determine the content of cell wall components (lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose), determine the content of endogenous hormones, and the expression validation of phytohormone-related differential genes (GA2OX, COI1, COI2) and cell wall-related genes (XTH16, TCH4). The results showed that the annual rings of twisted trunk types were unevenly distributed, eccentric growth, insignificant decomposition of early and late wood, rounding and widening of the tracheid cells, thickening of the cell wall, and reduction of the cavity diameter; the lignin and hemicellulose contents of twisted trunk types were higher; in twisted trunk types, the contents of gibberellin (GA) and jasmonic acid (JA) increased, and the content of auxin (IAA) was reduced; the GA2OX were significantly down-regulated in twisted trunk types, and the expressions of the genes associated with the cell wall, COI1, COI2, TCH4 and XTH16, were significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, the present study found that the uneven distribution of endogenous hormones may be an important factor leading to the formation of twisted trunk type of P. yunnanensis, which adds new discoveries to reveal the mechanism of the genesis of different trunk types in plants, and provides a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of forest trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Rosa roxburghii and Rosa sterilis, two species belonging to the Rosaceae family, are widespread in the southwest of China. These species have gained recognition for their remarkable abundance of ascorbate in their fresh fruits, making them an ideal vitamin C resource. In this study, we generated two high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome assemblies for R. roxburghii and R. sterilis, with genome sizes of 504 and 981.2 Mb, respectively. Notably, we present a haplotype‐resolved, chromosome‐scale assembly for diploid R. sterilis. Our results indicated that R. sterilis originated from the hybridization of R. roxburghii and R. longicuspis. Genome analysis revealed the absence of recent whole‐genome duplications in both species and identified a series of duplicated genes that possibly contributing to the accumulation of flavonoids. We identified two genes in the ascorbate synthesis pathway, GGP and GalLDH, that show signs of positive selection, along with high expression levels of GDP‐d‐mannose 3′, 5′‐epimerase (GME) and GDP‐l‐galactose phosphorylase (GGP) during fruit development. Furthermore, through co‐expression network analysis, we identified key hub genes (MYB5 and bZIP) that likely regulate genes in the ascorbate synthesis pathway, promoting ascorbate biosynthesis. Additionally, we observed the expansion of terpene synthase genes in these two species and tissue expression patterns, suggesting their involvement in terpenoid biosynthesis. Our research provides valuable insights into genome evolution and the molecular basis of the high concentration of ascorbate in these two Rosa species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionizing radiation (IR) induces ferroptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). But, it remains unclear whether ferroptosis affects the prognosis of HNSCC patients after receiving radiotherapy. This study aims to develop a ferroptosis signature to predict the radiosensitivity and prognosis of HNSCC. Ferroptosis-related genes, clinical data and RNA expression profiles were obtained from the FerrDb database, The Cancer Genome Atlas and GEO database. Prognostic genes were identified by random survival forest, univariate Cox regression, Kaplan–Meier and ROC analyses. Principal component analysis, multivariate Cox regression, nomogram and DCA analyses were conducted to estimate its predictive ability. Functional enrichment and immune-related analyses were performed to explore potential biological mechanisms and tumor immune microenvironment. The effect of the hub gene on ferroptosis and radiosensitivity was verified using flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and clonogenic survival assay. We constructed a ferroptosis-related signature, including IL6, NCF2, metadherin (MTDH) and CBS. We classified patients into high-risk (HRisk) and low-risk groups according to the risk scores. The risk score was confirmed to be an independent predictor for overall survival (OS). Combining the clinical stage with the risk score, we established a predictive nomogram for OS. Furthermore, pathways related to tumorigenesis and tumor immune suppression were mainly enriched in HRisk. MTDH was verified to have a potent effect on IR-induced ferroptosis and consequently promoted radiosensitivity. We constructed a ferroptosis-related signature to predict radiosensitivity and OS in HNSCC patients. MTDH was identified as a promising therapeutic target in radioresistant HNSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA)–microRNA (miRNA) interaction network plays a crucial part in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we discovered a relationship between LINC01376 and miR‐4757 in NPC tumor development. First, LINC01376 was abnormally overexpressed in NPC tissues and cells, and its elevated expression was associated with advanced clinical stage and shorter distant metastasis‐free survival time. Moreover, biological experiments showed that LINC01376 facilitated the proliferative, invasive, and migratory abilities of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, bioinformatics and RT‐qPCR assays revealed that LINC01376 knockdown upregulated the expression level of downstream miR‐4757, including miR‐4757 primary transcript (pri‐miR‐4757) and mature miR‐4757. Furthermore, LINC01376 competitively sponged the transcription factor SP1 and reduced its enrichment in the upstream promoter region of miR‐4757 to repress miR‐4757 expression. Finally, insulin‐like growth factor 1(IGF1) was identified as the target of miR‐4757. Rescue experiments indicated that LINC01376 accelerated NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through the miR‐4757‐5p/IGF1 axis. In conclusion, the SP1/miR‐4757/IGF1 axis, which is regulated by LINC01376 in NPC deterioration and metastasis, is expected to provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of NPC carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYB transcriptional regulators belong to one of the most significant transcription factors families in plants, among which R2R3‐MYB transcription factors are involved in plant growth and development, hormone signal transduction, and stress response. Two R2R3‐MYB transcription factors, FLP and its paralogous AtMYB88, redundantly regulate the symmetrical division of guard mother cells (GMCs), and abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Only one orthologue gene of FLP was identified in pea (Pisum sativum FLP; PsFLP). In this study, we explored the gene function of PsFLP by virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. The phenotypic analysis displayed that the silencing of PsFLP expression led to the abnormal development of stomata and the emergence of multiple guard cells tightly united. In addition, the abnormal stomata of flp could be fully rescued by PsFLP driven by the FLP promoter. In conclusion, the results showed that PsFLP plays a conservative negative role in regulating the symmetric division of GMC during stomatal development. Based on real‐time quantitative PCR, the relative expressions of AAO3, NCED3, and SnRK2.3 significantly increased in the flp pFLP::PsFLP plants compared to mutant, indicating that PsFLP might be involved in drought stress response. Thus, PsFLP regulates the genes related to cell cycle division during the stomatal development of peas and participates in response to drought stress. The study provides a basis for further research on its function and application in leguminous crop breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]