10 results on '"bacterial inoculum"'
Search Results
2. Relationship between Bacterial Bio-Fertilization at Different Levels of Plowing Depths and Some of Soil Physical Characteristics, Growth and Yield af Wheat Crops (Triticum astivum L.).
- Author
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Majed, Rawad, Abood, Ahmed Marza, and Noni, Ghanem Bahlol
- Subjects
PLOWING (Tillage) ,SOIL depth ,BIOFERTILIZERS ,FACTORIAL experiment designs ,WHEAT ,AGRICULTURAL extension work ,CROPS - Abstract
The study included the implementation of a factorial field experiment at the agricultural extension station affiliated with the Agricultural Extension Department in the Warka District, located north of Al-Muthanna Governorate, during the winter season 2022-2023. The soil texture of the field was loamy clay soil and the wheat variety was Research 22. The factorial experiment was designed according to the split-plot arrangement and (RCBD) design with three replications. The first factor represents the biological inoculum with B. subtilis and B. megaterium bacteria, with four levels, B0 without the addition of the inoculum, B1 with B. megaterium bacteria, and B2 with B. subtilis bacteria, and the fourth treatment, B3, included the double inoculum B1 + B2, and the second factor represents plowing depths with four levels, D1 represents zero plowing depth, D2 represents 10 cm plowing depth, D3 represents 20 cm plowing depth and D4 represents 30 cm plowing depth. The results showed the following. The results showed that the plowing depth D4 was superior to the control treatment and recorded the highest values in both plant height (100.74 cm) and moisture content was 41.26, 15.59 % in both flowering and harvesting stages respectively, while the depth D3 recorded a significant superiority in the weight of 1000 grains (49.14 gm). The B3 bacterial inoculum addition treatment was significantly superior to the control treatment.The highest values were recorded for plant height, weight of 1000 seeds, and moisture content in the harvest and flowering stages .The values were 100.26 cm, 46.63 g, 13.25%, 31.91% respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the interaction treatment of the bacterial inoculum and plowing depth D4B1 was superior in plant height, the D3B2 treatment increased in the weight of 1000 seeds, and the D3B3 treatment was superior in moisture content for the flowering and harvesting stages. The values were 104.09 cm, 54.76 g, 44.35% and 17.50% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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3. Red Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith; Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Preference for Cover Crop Seeds in South Texas.
- Author
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Elliott-Vidaurri, Lilly Victoria, Rivera, Daniela, Noval, Adrian, Choudhury, Robin A., and Penn, Hannah J.
- Subjects
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FIRE ants , *SEED crops , *COVER crops , *HYMENOPTERA , *ANTS , *CROPS - Abstract
Harvester ants often selectively forage seeds, causing these ants to be viewed as pests in agricultural areas where they may forage on crop seeds. While little research has been done on harvester ant preferences for cover crop seeds, grower observations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) suggest that ants may remove these seeds before germination. We examined red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith) preferences for cover crop seeds (fescue, oat, sunn hemp, radish, vetch, and wheatgrass) and the effects of a commonly used bacterial seed inoculant. We evaluated relative preferences using seed depots presented to colonies with no prior exposure to the selected seeds or inoculants. After 24 h, ants had removed oat and radish seeds at the same rate as the preferred wheatgrass control. Fescue, sunn hemp, and vetch seeds were less preferred. The bacterial inoculation of wheatgrass and radish seeds did not alter the removal rates. Further, ant removal of seeds in both trials was dependent on the month and temperature, indicating potential interactions of colony activity levels, availability of seeds in the seed bank, and the intensity of cover crop seed removal. Together, these data indicate that harvester ant foraging preferences and seasonal activity should be considered to help mitigate potential ant predation of cover crops via planting less preferred seeds and at times of lower ant foraging intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Bioaugmentation with As-transforming bacteria improves arsenic availability and uptake by the hyperaccumulator plant Pteris vittata (L).
- Author
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Abou-Shanab, Reda A. I., Santelli, Cara M., and Sadowsky, Michael J.
- Subjects
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PTERIS , *BIOREMEDIATION , *HYPERACCUMULATOR plants , *ARSENIC , *AGROBACTERIUM tumefaciens , *SOIL microbiology - Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (As) is a toxic and carcinogenic pollutant that has long-term impacts on environmental quality and human health. Pteris vittata plants hyperaccumulate As from soils. Soil bacteria are critical for As-uptake by P. vittata. We examined the use of taxonomically diverse soil bacteria to modulate As speciation in soil and their effect on As-uptake by P. vittata. Aqueous media inoculated with Pseudomonas putida MK800041, P. monteilii MK344656, P. plecoglossicida MK345459, Ochrobactrum intermedium MK346993 or Agrobacterium tumefaciens MK346997 resulted in the oxidation of 5–30% As(III) and a 49–79% reduction of As(V). Soil inoculated with P. monteilii increased extractable As(III) and As(V) from 0.5 and 0.09 in controls to 0.9 and 0.39 mg As kg−1 soil dry weight, respectively. Moreover, and P. vittata plants inoculated with P. monteilii, P. plecoglossicida, O. intermedium strains, and A. tumefaciens strains MK344655, MK346994, MK346997, significantly increased As-uptake by 43, 32, 12, 18, 16, and 14%, respectively, compared to controls. The greatest As-accumulation (1.9 ± 0.04 g kg−1 frond Dwt) and bioconcentration factor (16.3 ± 0.35) was achieved in plants inoculated with P. monteilii. Our findings indicate that the tested bacterial strains can increase As-availability in soils, thus enhancing As-accumulation by P. vittata. Novelty statementPteris vittata, a well-known As-hyperaccumulator, has the remarkable ability to accumulate higher levels of As in their above-ground biomass. The As-tolerant bacteria-plant interactions play a significant role in bioremediation by mediating As-redox and controlling As-availability and uptake by P. vittata. Our studies indicated that most of the tested bacterial strains isolated from As-impacted soil significantly enhanced As-uptake by P. vittata. P. monteilii oxidized 20% of As(III) and reduced 50% of As(V), increased As-extraction from soils, and increased As-uptake by 43% greater compared with control. Therefore, these strains associated with P. vittata can be used in large-scale field applications to remediate As-contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Survival of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens from soybean and common bean in soil.
- Author
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Nascimento, Daniele M., Oliveira, Letícia R., Melo, Luana L., Ribeiro-Junior, Marcos R., Silva, João C., Soman, José M., Sartori, Maria M. P., Júnior, Tadeu A. F. Silva, and Maringoni, Antonio C.
- Abstract
Survival niches for phytopathogenic bacteria are important for disease management. We study the survival of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), the causal agent of bacterial wilt in common bean and bacterial tan spot in soybean, in the soil. While Cff strains from common bean already have several studies, the ecology of soybean strains needs more information. We used the strain Feij.2628A from common bean, and CffR1, Cff2R, and Cff4R from soybean. The soils were infested with bacterial suspension (10
7 CFU.mL−1 ) from each of the strains. For experiments under laboratory conditions, they were incubated in BOD incubator (biochemical oxygen demand) at 20 °C. Under natural field conditions, pots were maintained in the field without supplementary irrigation. The survival of Cff strains was evaluated every seven days until they were not detected. The identity of the bacterium was confirmed in all treatments by PCR. Under laboratory conditions, the survival period of Feij.2628A ranged from 140 to 154 days, and between 77 to 119 days for the soybean strains. Feij.2628A and Cff1R survived for a maximum of 91 days in soil with higher clay content, under natural field conditions. Cff survival was negatively influenced by high temperatures, low soil moisture, and precipitation in some treatments. These results demonstrated the potential survival of Cff strains from common bean and soybean in the soil, being potential inoculum sources for subsequent cultivations of these crops. Fallow periods ranging from three to four months may reduce the amount of inoculum in soils under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Red Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith; Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Preference for Cover Crop Seeds in South Texas
- Author
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Lilly Victoria Elliott-Vidaurri, Daniela Rivera, Adrian Noval, Robin A. Choudhury, and Hannah J. Penn
- Subjects
bacterial inoculum ,Lower Rio Grande Valley ,Pogonomyrmex barbatus ,seed depot study ,seed preference ,Agriculture - Abstract
Harvester ants often selectively forage seeds, causing these ants to be viewed as pests in agricultural areas where they may forage on crop seeds. While little research has been done on harvester ant preferences for cover crop seeds, grower observations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) suggest that ants may remove these seeds before germination. We examined red harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex barbatus F. Smith) preferences for cover crop seeds (fescue, oat, sunn hemp, radish, vetch, and wheatgrass) and the effects of a commonly used bacterial seed inoculant. We evaluated relative preferences using seed depots presented to colonies with no prior exposure to the selected seeds or inoculants. After 24 h, ants had removed oat and radish seeds at the same rate as the preferred wheatgrass control. Fescue, sunn hemp, and vetch seeds were less preferred. The bacterial inoculation of wheatgrass and radish seeds did not alter the removal rates. Further, ant removal of seeds in both trials was dependent on the month and temperature, indicating potential interactions of colony activity levels, availability of seeds in the seed bank, and the intensity of cover crop seed removal. Together, these data indicate that harvester ant foraging preferences and seasonal activity should be considered to help mitigate potential ant predation of cover crops via planting less preferred seeds and at times of lower ant foraging intensity. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Survival of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens from soybean and common bean in soil
- Author
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Daniele M. Nascimento, Letícia R. Oliveira, Luana L. Melo, Marcos R. Ribeiro-Junior, João C. Silva, José M. Soman, Maria M. P. Sartori, Tadeu A. F. Silva Júnior, Antonio C. Maringoni, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) more...
- Subjects
Bacterial tan spot ,Plant pathogenic bacteria ,Survival niches ,Bacterial wilt ,Disease management ,Bacterial inoculum ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Survival niches for phytopathogenic bacteria are important for disease management. We study the survival of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), the causal agent of bacterial wilt in common bean and bacterial tan spot in soybean, in the soil. While Cff strains from common bean already have several studies, the ecology of soybean strains needs more information. We used the strain Feij.2628A from common bean, and CffR1, Cff2R, and Cff4R from soybean. The soils were infested with bacterial suspension (107 CFU.mL−1) from each of the strains. For experiments under laboratory conditions, they were incubated in BOD incubator (biochemical oxygen demand) at 20 °C. Under natural field conditions, pots were maintained in the field without supplementary irrigation. The survival of Cff strains was evaluated every seven days until they were not detected. The identity of the bacterium was confirmed in all treatments by PCR. Under laboratory conditions, the survival period of Feij.2628A ranged from 140 to 154 days, and between 77 to 119 days for the soybean strains. Feij.2628A and Cff1R survived for a maximum of 91 days in soil with higher clay content, under natural field conditions. Cff survival was negatively influenced by high temperatures, low soil moisture, and precipitation in some treatments. These results demonstrated the potential survival of Cff strains from common bean and soybean in the soil, being potential inoculum sources for subsequent cultivations of these crops. Fallow periods ranging from three to four months may reduce the amount of inoculum in soils under these conditions. Department of Plant Protection School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida Universitária Department of Plant Protection School of Agriculture São Paulo State University (Unesp), Avenida Universitária more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Digestate improved birch (Betula pendula) growth and reduced leaf trace element contents at a red gypsum landfill
- Author
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Malabad, A. M., Zapata-Carbonell, J., Maurice, N., Ciadamidaro, L., Pfendler, S., Tatin-Froux, F., Ferrarini, A., Fornasier, F., Toussaint, M. -L., Parelle, J., Chalot, M., Ferrarini A. (ORCID:0000-0001-9390-7004), Malabad, A. M., Zapata-Carbonell, J., Maurice, N., Ciadamidaro, L., Pfendler, S., Tatin-Froux, F., Ferrarini, A., Fornasier, F., Toussaint, M. -L., Parelle, J., Chalot, M., and Ferrarini A. (ORCID:0000-0001-9390-7004) more...
- Abstract
Revegetation of industrial landfills and mine tailing may restore key soil functions and reduce the environmental impacts of contaminants. These marginal sites are often characterized by phytotoxic levels of trace elements (TE) (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and low nutrient status (N, P, and K). The aim of this study was to test the effect of digestate and bacterial inoculation on soil physicochemical properties (pH, CaCl2 extractable Mn, and microbial enzyme activities) and birch (Betula pendula) growth and physiology on a red gypsum substrate in a lab-to-field experimental approach. The biomass of birches amended with digestate (D0.05% N) was on average 2- and 6-fold greater than that of control birch in the laboratory and field experiments, respectively. A higher concentration of digestate (0.1% N) had an inhibitory effect on plant growth, and reduced the survival rates of amended plants by 40% as compared with controls. The digestate (D0.05% N) treatment significantly increased leaf P and K contents while decreasing leaf Ca, Fe and Mn contents. Digestate also increased some key soil enzyme activities of C, N, P and S metabolism by >10-fold compared with the control soil. In a phytomanagement scenario, digestate would be a preferred amendment resource for the production of clean birch leaf biomass on contaminated red gypsum landfill, as birch trees amended with digestate had lower leaf TE and higher leaf nutrient contents than control birches. more...
- Published
- 2022
9. Digestate improved birch (Betula pendula) growth and reduced leaf trace element contents at a red gypsum landfill
- Author
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Abdoulaye Mahamat Malabad, José Zapata-Carbonell, Nicolas Maurice, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stephane Pfendler, Fabienne Tatin-Froux, Andrea Ferrarini, Flavio Fornasier, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Julien Parelle, and Michel Chalot more...
- Subjects
Manganese ,Environmental Engineering ,Bacterial inoculum ,Betula pendula ,Digestate ,Trace element ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Soil functionalities ,Settore AGR/02 - AGRONOMIA E COLTIVAZIONI ERBACEE ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Published
- 2022
10. Digestate improved birch (Betula pendula) growth and reduced leaf trace element contents at a red gypsum landfill.
- Author
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Malabad, Abdoulaye Mahamat, Zapata-Carbonell, José, Maurice, Nicolas, Ciadamidaro, Lisa, Pfendler, Stephane, Tatin-Froux, Fabienne, Ferrarini, Andrea, Fornasier, Flavio, Toussaint, Marie-Laure, Parelle, Julien, and Chalot, Michel more...
- Subjects
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EUROPEAN white birch , *BIRCH , *TRACE elements , *POLLUTANTS , *ALNUS glutinosa ,LEAF growth - Abstract
Revegetation of industrial landfills and mine tailing may restore key soil functions and reduce the environmental impacts of contaminants. These marginal sites are often characterized by phytotoxic levels of trace elements (TE) (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and low nutrient status (N, P, and K). The aim of this study was to test the effect of digestate and bacterial inoculation on soil physicochemical properties (pH, CaCl 2 extractable Mn, and microbial enzyme activities) and birch (Betula pendula) growth and physiology on a red gypsum substrate in a lab-to-field experimental approach. The biomass of birches amended with digestate (D0.05% N) was on average 2- and 6-fold greater than that of control birch in the laboratory and field experiments, respectively. A higher concentration of digestate (0.1% N) had an inhibitory effect on plant growth, and reduced the survival rates of amended plants by 40% as compared with controls. The digestate (D0.05% N) treatment significantly increased leaf P and K contents while decreasing leaf Ca, Fe and Mn contents. Digestate also increased some key soil enzyme activities of C, N, P and S metabolism by >10-fold compared with the control soil. In a phytomanagement scenario, digestate would be a preferred amendment resource for the production of clean birch leaf biomass on contaminated red gypsum landfill, as birch trees amended with digestate had lower leaf TE and higher leaf nutrient contents than control birches. [Display omitted] • Digestate and bacterial inoculum were used to improve birch growth on red gypsum. • The digestate significantly increased birch biomass as well as leaf P and K content. • The two amendments decreased the leaf Fe, Mn and Zn contents. • Soil functionalities were enhanced upon digestate amendments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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