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We aimed to generate a model of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) of clinical importance 2 years after diagnosis of breast cancer building on clinical and behavioral factors and integrating pre-treatment markers of systemic inflammation. Women with stage I-III hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer were included from the multimodal, prospective CANTO cohort (NCT01993498). The primary outcome was global CRF of clinical importance [European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 ≥40/100] 2 years after diagnosis (year 2). Secondary outcomes included physical, emotional, and cognitive CRF (EORTC QLQ-FA12). All pre-treatment candidate variables were assessed at diagnosis, including inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon γ, IL-1 receptor antagonist, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein], and were tested in multivariable logistic regression models implementing multiple imputation and validation by 100-fold bootstrap resampling. Among 1208 patients, 415 (34.4%) reported global CRF of clinical importance at year 2. High pre-treatment levels of IL-6 (quartile 4 versus 1) were associated with global CRF at year 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-3.03); P = 0.0002; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.74]. Patients with high pre-treatment IL-6 had unhealthier behaviors, including being frequently either overweight or obese [62.4%; mean body mass index 28.0 (standard deviation 6.3 kg/m2)] and physically inactive (53.5% did not meet World Health Organization recommendations). Clinical and behavioral associations with CRF at year 2 included pre-treatment CRF [aOR versus no pre-treatment CRF: 3.99 (95% CI 2.81-5.66)], younger age [aOR per 1-year decrement: 1.02 (95% CI 1.01-1.03)], current tobacco smoking [aOR versus never: 1.81 (95% CI 1.26-2.58)], and worse insomnia or pain [aOR per 10-unit increment: 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.13), and 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.21), respectively]. Secondary analyses indicated additional associations of IL-2 [aOR per log-unit increment: 1.32 (95% CI 1.03-1.70)] and IL-10 [0.73 (95% CI 0.57-0.93)] with global CRF and of C-reactive protein [1.42 (95% CI 1.13-1.78)] with cognitive CRF at year 2. Emotional distress was consistently associated with physical, emotional, and cognitive CRF. This study proposes a bio-behavioral framework linking pre-treatment systemic inflammation with CRF of clinical importance 2 years later among a large prospective sample of survivors of breast cancer. • 34.4% of 1208 stage I-III breast cancer survivors had cancer-related fatigue of clinical importance 2 years after diagnosis. • High pre-treatment levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were associated with global fatigue 2 years later. • Individuals with high levels of IL-6 had higher BMI and were less physically active than those with lower levels. • Higher pre-treatment IL-2 and IL-10 were also associated with higher and lower likelihood of global fatigue, respectively. • Higher C-reactive protein was associated with higher likelihood of cognitive fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Individuals diagnosed with cancer experience multiple inter-related short- and long-term side effects. Chief among such symptomology is cancer-related fatigue (CRF), which, if left unmanaged, can become chronic and result in increased disability and healthcare utilization. A growing number of self-report scales have been developed to measure CRF symptoms based on various theoretical conceptualizations with the aim of promoting targeted assessment and intervention efforts. It may be, however, unwise to assume that the various measures are conceptually similar (i.e., that they assess for the same constructs). Accordingly, we aimed to characterize item content among nine self-report scales, using a Jaccard index to quantify content overlap among scales. Methods: We characterized construct assessment among nine self-report scales recommended to assess CRF by a recent clinical practice guideline, and used a Jaccard index to quantify content overlap among scales. Results: Analysis of 208 items across nine rating scales resulted in 20 distinct symptoms of CRF assessed. The most common symptoms were energy level (captured in all nine scales), cognitive function, impaired task performance (in eight scales), sleepiness, and physical function (in seven scales). Mean overlap among all scales was low (Jaccard index = 0.455). Only one construct (duration of fatigue; 5.0%) was captured by a single scale, and one symptom (energy level; 5.0%) was common across all scales. The PFS, MFSI, and BFI each captured at least one symptom from each of the NCCN domains of CRF. Conclusion: CRF scales are heterogeneous in the content they measure, critically impairing integration of knowledge across studies using disparate scales. Future work is urgently needed to build more integrated theoretical and/or computational models of CRF based on relevant mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The effects of aerobic exercise interventions for reducing fatigue after cancer treatment are well-established, and the effect of resistance training remains uncertain. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to analyze the effect of resistance training and combined resistance and endurance training on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients. Methods : A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted on the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Embase, and Cochrane databases, focusing on the effect of supervised resistance training and combined supervised resistance and endurance training on CRF. Random-effect models were employed for calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD). Risk of bias was assessed with risk of bias 2 (RoB2), and certainty of evidence was judged according to the GRADE approach. Results : A total of 9 RCTs with 1512 participants were included, and data from 866 participants in 8 RCTs were used for the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was deemed low in seven studies, while one study exhibited attrition bias, and one showed possible selection bias. Resistance training probably reduce the total fatigue (SMD= −0.30, 95% CI −0.52, −0.08, p=0.008), with individual studies showing small effects on physical and emotional CRF. A combined resistance and endurance training reduce total fatigue (SMD= −0.34, 95% CI −0.51, −0.17, p= 0.0001), with individual studies indicating moderate effects on physical fatigue, in daily life fatigue, and small effects on emotional and cognitive CRF. Conclusion: Both supervised resistance training and combined resistance and endurance training have a small effect on total CRF. There is a trend towards an influence of intensity, with higher intensity potentially resulting in lower total CRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (PG2) on reducing chemotherapy-induced fatigue (CIF) and toxicity, thereby encouraging compliance to chemotherapy. This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study. Patients with stage II/III early breast cancer planning to undergo adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive PG2 500 mg or placebo on days 1, 3, and 8 every 21 days. The fatigue global score (FGS) was assessed using the brief fatigue inventory (BFI)-Taiwan. The Breast Cancer-Specific Module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires-Core30 evaluated the health-related quality of life during the first four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall, 66 eligible patients were equally randomized into the PG2 and placebo groups between March 01, 2018, and March 09, 2021. The mean change in the FGS and fatigue intensity did not significantly differ between both groups. However, the FGS and fatigue intensity were less aggravated in the first four cycles in the premenopausal-PG2 group than in the placebo group. Our study concluded PG2 combined with adjuvant chemotherapy can reduce CIF, insomnia, the negative effect on future perspectives, and improve global health status, especially for premenopausal patients with breast cancer. Trial registration number: NCT03314805 registered on 19/10/2017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has been widely used for improving psychological symptoms and sleep quality in breast cancer patients and has a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and immunology. Moreover, MBSR is increasingly being used in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) intervention studies for breast cancer patients, but conflicting results also exist. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MBSR on CRF in patients with breast cancer. Methods: A comprehensive computer search of the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China Biomedical Document Service System, China Knowledge Infrastructure Engineering, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and VIP databases was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before April 10, 2023, were identified. The primary outcome was cancer-related fatigue associated with breast cancer. Two researchers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and evaluated the methodological quality of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis of the outcome indicators was performed using STATA 16.0 software. Results: A total of 13 studies were included, including 1992 patients (997 patients in the MBSR group and 1015 patients in the control group). Compared with conventional care, MBSR significantly alleviated the symptoms of CRF in breast cancer patients (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.22], z=6.54, p<.01). Under the supervision of experts, the 8-week MBSR had a great influence on CRF, especially in the Asian population. Conclusions: MBSR is effective in the treatment of CRF induced by breast cancer, and no obvious adverse effects occur; thus, MBSR can be recommended as a beneficial adjuvant therapy for treating CRF in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Design Methods Results Conclusion Implications for Patient Care Impact Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To explore women's experience and management of cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress during treatment for gynaecological cancer.Qualitative descriptive study.Face‐to‐face semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 23 women in mainland China undergoing treatment for gynaecological cancer between July and October 2023. Data were analysed using content analysis.Three categories were identified: overwhelming experience of cancer‐related fatigue, diverse experiences of psychological distress and strategies for managing cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress. Participants reported physical exhaustion and emotional fatigue, disrupting their normal lives. Psychological distress included distress due to cancer treatment, psychological burden associated with social relationships, frustration with being ill and worries about disease progression and recurrence. Strategies for managing symptoms were mainly nonpharmacological, with some unable to find suitable methods.This study found that participants had a complex experience of cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress, influenced by social expectations regarding women's roles and treatment impacts on reproductive health and femininity. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive interventions involving family members or fellow patients to reduce both symptoms.Nurses should focus on addressing cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress in women receiving treatment for gynaecological cancer, particularly in adolescents and young adults. It is essential to provide comprehensive care to improve their physical and psychological well‐being.This study explored how women with gynaecological cancer experience and manage cancer‐related fatigue and psychological distress. The findings highlight the need for holistic care that addresses physical and psychological symptoms. Nurses should consider the impact of reproductive health and femininity on symptom experiences and management. Furthermore, the findings could inform the development of evidence‐based interventions to improve the physical and psychological well‐being of women with gynaecological cancer.Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cancer is a debilitating disease with an often chronic course. One of the most taxing and prevalent sequelae in this context is cancer-related fatigue (CRF) resulting from the disease and/or associated treatments. Over the last years mindfulness-based interventions such as eurythmy therapy (ERYT), a mindful-movement therapy from anthroposophic medicine, have emerged as promising adjunct therapies in oncology. This prospective study investigated an online implementation of ERYT for CRF using a single arm repeated-measures design based on two consecutive studies. Method: Study 1 consisted of an initial assessment before, during, after, and at follow up of a 6-week online ERYT-based program in a mixed sample of N = 165 adults with or without cancer diagnosis. Study 2 involved a similar design with an adapted 8-week online ERYT-based program in a sample of N = 125 adults who had been diagnosed with cancer. Outcomes were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, Perceived Stress Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index (for Study 1 all, for Study 2 only the former three). We additionally performed an exploratory analysis regarding practice frequency and duration. Data were analyzed using Linear Mixed-Effect Models per outcome; ANOVA was used for practice times. Results: For Study 1, mixed-effects model estimates showed no significant effect on fatigue, but pointed to significantly improved emotional and physical well-being, reduced stress, as well as increased mindfulness (mixed subjects). Functional and social well-being or sleep quality did not change significantly. Study 2 model estimates on the other hand showed significantly improved CRF in conjunction with the ERYT-based online intervention, as well as improved stress and mindfulness scores (cancer-diagnosed subjects). Conclusion: Taken together, while our results should be interpreted with caution given the single-arm design and relatively high dropout, they suggest online ERYT may be associated with a reduction in fatigue for individuals diagnosed with cancer, an increase in mindfulness, and benefits for stress and certain wellbeing indicators. The online group format is advantageous in view of affordability and accessibility, the latter being particularly relevant for individuals who due to high symptom severity cannot leave their homes. Randomized-controlled studies will be needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding cancer symptom cluster through network analyses is a new approach in oncology, revealing interconnected and influential relationships among reported symptoms. We aimed to assess these relationships using network analysis in posttreatment breast cancer patients, focusing on the five dimensions of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), and on other common difficulties encountered by oncological patients (i.e., pain, anxiety, depression, sleep difficulties, cognitive impairments, and emotion regulation and mental adaptation difficulties). Method: This study involved a complementary analysis of data from two interventional studies. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the intervention, with baseline scores being used in this article. Partial correlation network analysis modeled the relationships between symptoms in five distinct networks, each of them including one specific dimension of CRF. The core symptom in each network was identified based on the highest centrality indices. Results: Depression emerged as the core symptom in all networks, strongly associated with all fatigue dimensions (partial correlations ranging from 0.183 to 0.269) except mental fatigue. These findings indicate robust connections between symptoms, as variations in depression scores directly or indirectly influence fatigue and other symptoms within the cluster. Conclusion: Our results support the multidimensional aspect of CRF, and its links with other common symptoms. To effectively reduce patient CRF, interventions should address not only fatigue but also the closely related symptoms from the cluster, such as depression, given its centrality in the cluster. Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03144154 and NCT04873661). Retrospectively registered on May 1, 2017 and April 29, 2021, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) affects the quality of life after breast cancer. In a previous study, we developed a 72-item questionnaire that assesses CRF from a holistic point of view; named the Holistic Assessment of CRF (HA-CRF) questionnaire. The current study assessed the face and content validity of the HA-CRF questionnaire. Methods: Using a mixed-method approach, ten breast cancer survivors (BCS) did a cognitive walkthrough of the HA-CRF via an app followed by a semi-structured interview about relevancy and essentiality (qualitative). In addition, ten health care professionals (HCPs) assessed the relevancy, clarity, and essentiality of each item via a questionnaire (quantitative). Results: BCS indicated minor textual improvement for four items and six items were not completely clear. The app was considered easy to use and the HC-CRF was on average completed in 18 minutes. The HA-CRF questionnaire provided openness about fatigue and gave the feeling of being heard. The items were helpful and induced self-awareness. HCPs indicated 71% of items being very clear or minor revisions proposed by the minority, with 64% of items being essential and 92% considered relevant. Conclusions: The HA-CRF showed good face and excellent content validity. Further research is needed to assess its ability to monitor in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess pain, fitness condition, physical activity (PA) level, comorbidities, cancer-related fatigue (CRF), mood state and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in long-term breast cancer survivors (LTBCS) compared to women without cancer history, matched by age, weight, height, and educational level. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in Granada between April 2018 and July 2023 involved 80 LTBCS and 80 matched controls. Pain, fitness condition, PA level, comorbidities, CRF, mood state, and HRQoL were evaluated ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis using validated instruments. Results: LTBCS, compared to the controls, reported significantly higher levels of “pain intensity and interference”, CRF (in all domains and > 40% exhibited moderate-to-severe fatigue levels), “sadness-depression”, “anxiety”, “anger/hostility”, and “symptom scales” (All: P =.000 to.027). Moreover, 66.25% of LTBCS not only did not reach recommended PA levels (P =.035), but also presented significantly lower levels of “general physical fitness”, “muscular strength”, “happiness”, “functioning scales” (except “emotional functioning”), and “global health status” (All: P =.000 to.048). Conclusion: LTBCS still suffer from physical (pain, fitness condition, and CRF), both mental and emotional (sadness-depression, anxiety and anger/hostility) long-term side effects as well as multiple HRQoL issues (including lower levels of physical functioning and higher levels of symptoms). These findings highlight the chronic nature of this disease and the importance of continuing long- term follow-up care for survivors many years after the diagnosis of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While advancements in cancer treatments have improved survival rates, they also lead to adverse effects such as insomnia, which significantly impacts survivors' sleep quality. Objective: This study explores the influence of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR), and psychological distress, with rumination serving as a mediating factor, on the insomnia experienced by cancer survivors. Methods: The study involved 220 cancer survivors attending Shohada‐e‐Tajrish Hospital's oncology center in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed several questionnaires: the Insomnia Severity Index, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Rumination Response Scale. Results: The results showed that the tested model had a good fit, and the correlation matrix demonstrated significant positive correlations between CRF (0.46), FCR (0.15), psychological distress (0.55), and rumination (0.42) with insomnia in cancer survivors (p < 0.05). Notably, CRF (B = 0.356, p < 0.001) and psychological distress (B = 0.339, p < 0.001) affect insomnia both directly and indirectly through mediation by rumination, while the impact of FCR on insomnia was indirectly significant (B = 0.73, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that interventions focused on managing rumination could be potential targets to alleviate insomnia and improve the sleep quality of cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of Yangzheng Touxie Qudu method combined with NAC regimen (docetaxel + epirubicin + cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy on efficacy, T cell subsets and cancer-related fatigue in patients with triple negative breast cancer. METHODS: From Jun. 2022 to Jun. 2023, totally 100 cases of triple negative breast cancer diagnosed and treated in the hospital were extracted to be divided into the control group and observation group according to the random number table method, with 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with NAC regimen, while the observation group received self formulated Yangzheng Touxie Qudu formula combined with NAC regimen. The efficacy, T-lymphocyte subsets, inflammatory factors, cancer-related fatigue levels, and incidence of adverse drug reactions of two groups were observed. RESULTS: The total effective rate of observation group was 82. 00% (41/50), significantly higher than that 58. 00% (29/50) of control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). Compared with before treatment, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ / CD8+, interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-2 levels increased significantly in both groups after treatment, and the observation group was higher than the control group; compared with before treatment, CD8+, tumor necrosis factor-α, soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, physical, cognitive and emotional fatigue scores decreased in both groups after treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in observation group and control group was respectively 24.00% (12/50) and 28.00% (14/50), with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Yangzheng Touxie Qudu method combined with NAC regimen in the treatment of patients with triple negative breast cancer can significantly improve the efficacy and T cell subsets levels, reduce inflammatory reactions, and improve cancer-related fatigue with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study examined executive functioning and episodic future thinking among Iranian women with breast cancer. Method: We recruited 40 healthy female community volunteers and 80 females with breast cancer (either currently undergoing chemotherapy n = 40 or not undergoing chemotherapy n = 40). Participants were assessed using cognitive tasks that assessed executive functioning and episodic future thinking and a measure of cancer-related fatigue. Results: Both cancer groups had poorer performance than controls on all measures of executive functioning and episodic future thinking. Those undergoing chemotherapy had poorer performance on all measures of executive functioning than those not undergoing chemotherapy. Cross-sectional mediation analyses revealed cancer-related fatigue had a significant mediator role between cancer group and executive functioning and episodic future thinking. Conclusion: Those with breast cancer, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, may be experiencing cognitive difficulties. These cognitive concerns should be considered by health teams as addressing these impairments may assist in improving quality of life and treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To determine the effect of resistance training volume on physical and perceptual outcomes of breast cancer survivors submitted to a combined training program. Design: Randomized single-blinded study. Methods: Nineteen breast cancer survivor women were randomized to a single-set (SS) or a multiple-set (MS) group. Both groups completed an 8-week combined training intervention in which the SS and MS groups performed 1 and 3 sets per resistance exercise, respectively. The following outcomes were assessed preintervention and postintervention: maximal knee extension dynamic strength (1-repetition maximum), quadriceps muscle thickness, peak oxygen uptake, time to exhaustion, cancer-related fatigue, and quality of life. Results: Both interventions increased knee extension 1-repetition maximum (SS: 29.8% [37.5%]; MS: 19.3% [11.8%]), quadriceps muscle thickness (9.4% [4.1%]; 8.9% [5.9%]), and quality of life (4.3% [6.3%]; 7.9% [9.0%]), with no difference between the groups. However, only MS improved cancer-related fatigue (−2.1% [1.7%]) and time to exhaustion (21.3% [14.9%]), whereas peak oxygen uptake remained unchanged in both groups. Conclusions: Cancer-related fatigue and time to exhaustion, improved only in the MS group after the intervention. On the other hand, similar knee extension 1-repetition maximum, quadriceps muscle thickness, and quality of life improvements were observed in breast cancer survivors irrespective of the resistance training volume performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer among women worldwide, often accompanied by physical and psychological side effects due to the disease and the treatment’s aggressiveness. Regular physical exercise has emerged as a non-pharmacological approach to improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. We herein report the protocol of the WaterMama Study, which aims to evaluate the effects of land- or water-based aerobic exercise programs, compared to a health education program, on cancer-related fatigue and other health-related outcomes in breast cancer survivors. Methods The WaterMama trial is a randomized, single-blinded, three-arm, parallel, superiority trial. We aim to recruit 48 women ≥ 18 years of age who have completed primary treatment for stage I–III breast cancer. Participants are randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to 12-week interventions of aerobic exercise training programs either in the aquatic or land environment (two weekly 45-min sessions) plus health education (a weekly 45-min session), or an active-control group receiving health education alone (a weekly 45-min session). The primary outcome is cancer-related fatigue, and the secondary outcomes include cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular performance, muscle morphology, functional capacity, mental health, cognitive function, pain, and quality of life. Outcomes assessments are conducted before and after the 12-week intervention period. The analysis plan will employ an intention-to-treat approach and per protocol criteria. Discussion Our conceptual hypothesis is that both aerobic exercise programs will positively impact primary and secondary outcomes compared to the health education group alone. Additionally, due to its multi-component nature, we expect the aquatic exercise program promote more significant effects than the land exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, muscular outcomes, and pain. Trial registration The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05520515. Registered on August 26, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05520515

Patients consistently rate cancer-related fatigue (CrF) as the most prevalent and debilitating symptom. CrF is an important but often neglected patient concern, partly due to barriers to implementing evidence-based interventions. This study explored what an ideal intervention for CrF would look like from the perspectives of different stakeholders and the barriers to its implementation. Three participant populations were recruited: healthcare providers (HCPs; n = 32), community support providers (CSPs; n = 14), and cancer patients (n = 16). Data were collected via nine focus groups and four semi-structured interviews. Data were coded into themes using content analysis. Two main themes emerged around addressing CrF: “It takes a village” and “This will not be easy”. Participants discussed an intervention for CrF could be anywhere, offered by anyone and everyone, and provided early and frequently throughout the cancer experience and could include peer support, psychoeducation, physical activity, mind–body interventions, and interdisciplinary care. Patients, HCPs, and CSPs described several potential barriers to implementation, including patient barriers (i.e., patient variability, accessibility, online literacy, and overload of information) and systems barriers (i.e., costs, lack of HCP knowledge, system insufficiency, and time). As CrF is a common post-treatment symptom, it is imperative to offer patients adequate support to manage CrF. This study lays the groundwork for the implementation of a patient-centered intervention for CrF in Canada and possibly elsewhere.

Background The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine in a multidisciplinary approach is the future direction for the diagnosis and treatment of Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF). However, the lack of standard criteria for syndrome differentiation and treatment selection limits the application of TCM in Western and international contexts. Patients with CRF often experience fatigue associated with metabolic and energy balance abnormalities, with thyroid function playing a critical role in the body's energy metabolism and regulation. Objective To analyze the TCM syndrome characteristics of CRF and explore their correlation with thyroid function levels, providing a reference for the integrated diagnosis and treatment of CRF and mechanism research in both TCM and western medicine. Methods The study included cancer patients who visited the oncology outpatient and inpatient departments of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital in 2021. General information of the patients was collected. The Chinese version of the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (RPFS-CV) was used to assess patients' fatigue. Thyroid function tests, including triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), and thyroglobulin antibody, were collected on the day of or the day after enrollment. TCM syndrome characteristics of CRF patients were collected through a self-designed CRF TCM Four-Diagnostic Information Form. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between RPFS-CV fatigue scores and thyroid function indicators. Point biserial correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between RPFS-CV fatigue scores, thyroid function indicators, and TCM syndrome characteristics of CRF. Results A total of 159 CRF patients were included. The most common types of cancer were lung cancer (50 cases, 31.4%), breast cancer (23 cases, 14.5%), head and neck tumors (21 cases, 13.2%), rectal cancer (21 cases, 13.2%), and colon cancer (18 cases, 11.3%). The median diagnosis duration was 2.15 (3.16) years; 88 patients (55.3%) experienced recurrence or metastasis, with 40 patients (45.5%) having local recurrence and 38 patients (43.2%) having oligometastasis. The median duration of metastasis was 1.50 (2.83) years; 91 patients (57.2%) were in advanced stages, 101 patients (63.5%) had received antitumor treatment, and 57 patients (35.8%) had undergone chemotherapy. In TCM syndromes, deficiency syndromes with a frequency over 10% were Qi deficiency, heart deficiency, and spleen deficiency; among excess syndromes, those occurring more than 20 times were Qi stagnation and damp-cold. Syndromes with a median RPFS-CV fatigue score over 4 were, in descending order, damp-cold, Qi stagnation, spleen deficiency, heart deficiency, liver deficiency, damp-heat, and Qi deficiency. RPFS-CV fatigue scores were positively correlated with Qi deficiency, spleen deficiency, heart deficiency, liver deficiency, damp-cold, and Qi stagnation (P

Abstract Background Breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy via peripherally inserted central catheter often experience serious behavioral and psychological challenges, with uncertainty and cancer-related fatigue being prevalent issues that profoundly impact prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between uncertainty and cancer-related fatigue by employing a chain mediation model to examine the potential mediating roles of psychological resilience and self-care. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 223 breast cancer patients receiving peripherally inserted central catheter chemotherapy at two tertiary affiliated hospitals of China Medical University in Liaoning, China, from February 2021 to December 2022. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to assess uncertainty, psychological resilience, self-care, and cancer-related fatigue. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediation analysis. Results Uncertainty exhibited a significant positive correlation with cancer-related fatigue (p

Objective To explore the effect of feedforward control concept combined with failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) nursing intervention on cancer-related fatigue and psychological fear in elderly pa- tients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods A total of 108 elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy admitted to the General Hospital of Jinshui District Zhengzhou City from August 2020 to April 2023 were selected and divided into control group and study group according to the order of ad- mission, with 54 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing intervention, and the study group received nursing intervention based on feedforward control concept combined with FMEA. The modified Piper fatigue scale(RPFS) score, psychological fear, simple illness perception questionnaire (B-IPQ) score, lung function [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), forced vital capacity (FVC), percentage of FEV, in predicted value (FEV, % perd)] and complications were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in RPFS score, psychological fear, B-IPQ score and lung function index between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of each dimension and total score of RPFS in the two groups were lower than those before intervention, and those in the study group were lower than the control group, differences being significant (P<0.05). After intervention, the psychological fear of the two groups was better than that before intervention, and the study group was better than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of each dimension and total score of B-IPQ in the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and those in the study group were higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After inter- vention, the levels of FEV₁, FVC and FEV, %perd in the two groups were higher than those before interven- tion, and those in the study group were higher than the control group, differences being significant (P<0.05). There were significant differences being found in the comparison of the incidence of gastrointestinal reactions and pulmonary infection between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Nursing intervention based on feed- forward control concept combined with FMEA can effectively improve cancer-related fatigue and psychological fear in elderly patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy, improve their ability to perceive and con- trol the disease, and better protect lung function and reduce the incidence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this study was to assess the influence of exercise interventions on cancer-related fatigue (CRF), specifically in breast cancer patients, with the ultimate goal of establishing an optimal exercise prescription for breast cancer patients. A comprehensive search was undertaken across multiple databases, including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus, covering data published up to 1 September 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) along with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), thereby quantifying the effectiveness of exercise in alleviating CRF in the breast cancer patient population. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Aerobic exercise (SMD, −0.17, p = 0.02), resistance exercise (SMD, −0.37, p = 0.0009), and combined exercise (SMD, −0.53, p < 0.0001) significantly improved CRF in breast cancer patients. In addition, exercise intervention conducted ≥3 times per week (SMD, −0.47, p = 0.0001) for >60 min per session (SMD, −0.63, p < 0.0001) and ≥180 min per week (SMD, −0.79, p < 0.0001) had greater effects on improving CRF in breast cancer patients, especially middle-aged patients (SMD, −0.42, p < 0.0001). Exercise is an effective approach to improving CRF in breast cancer patients. When devising an exercise program, the primary consideration should be the incorporation of combined exercise as the principal intervention. This entails ensuring that participants engage in the program at least three times weekly, with each session lasting for more than 60 min. The ultimate aim is to achieve a total weekly exercise duration of 180 min by progressively increasing the frequency of exercise sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients consistently rate cancer-related fatigue (CrF) as the most prevalent and debilitating symptom. CrF is an important but often neglected patient concern, partly due to barriers to implementing evidence-based interventions. This study explored what an ideal intervention for CrF would look like from the perspectives of different stakeholders and the barriers to its implementation. Three participant populations were recruited: healthcare providers (HCPs; n = 32), community support providers (CSPs; n = 14), and cancer patients (n = 16). Data were collected via nine focus groups and four semi-structured interviews. Data were coded into themes using content analysis. Two main themes emerged around addressing CrF: "It takes a village" and "This will not be easy". Participants discussed an intervention for CrF could be anywhere, offered by anyone and everyone, and provided early and frequently throughout the cancer experience and could include peer support, psychoeducation, physical activity, mind–body interventions, and interdisciplinary care. Patients, HCPs, and CSPs described several potential barriers to implementation, including patient barriers (i.e., patient variability, accessibility, online literacy, and overload of information) and systems barriers (i.e., costs, lack of HCP knowledge, system insufficiency, and time). As CrF is a common post-treatment symptom, it is imperative to offer patients adequate support to manage CrF. This study lays the groundwork for the implementation of a patient-centered intervention for CrF in Canada and possibly elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pre-treatment characteristics of women with early breast cancer that are associated with persistent fatigue or suboptimal health-related quality of life (HRQOL) post-chemotherapy need to be identified as potential targets for pre-habilitation. Patients and methods: Ancillary analysis of previously collected data from patients with newly diagnosed Stage I-III breast cancer scheduled to receive chemotherapy. The objective was to identify baseline (pre-chemotherapy) variables associated with meaningful deteriorations in fatigue and other measures of HRQOL from pre-treatment to 6 months after chemotherapy completion. Percentages are reported along with unadjusted and adjusted relative risks. Results: In a sample of 249 women post-chemotherapy, 32% reported worsening fatigue (FACIT-F), 35% worsening Physical Well-Being (PWB), 16% worsening Functional Well-Being (FWB), 8% worsening Emotional Well-Being (EWB), and 30% worsening Social Well-Being (SWB). In multivariable (MV) analysis, variables that were significant in univariate analysis – Black race, high BMI, and baseline poorer EWB – remained significant for worsening post-chemotherapy fatigue (FACIT-F). In MV analysis that included race, education, falls, and baseline EWB, Black race and a positive falls history remained significant for worsening PWB. In MV analysis inclusive of race, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and FWB, lower SPPB and FWB remained significant predictors of worsening FWB. In MV analysis that included baseline Mental Health Index-Anxiety, EWB and SWB, a higher SWB and lower EWB remained significant for worsening SWB. Conclusion: Pre-chemotherapy characteristics in women with early-stage breast cancer that are associated with increased fatigue and reduced HRQOL post-treatment could be used to identify patients who may benefit from pre-habilitation interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a chronic symptom that can affect the overall functioning of lung cancer patients throughout the course of the disease. However, there is limited research on the trajectory and predictors of CRF specifically in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, few studies have investigated the predictive role of positive psychological and social factors in relation to CRF. This study aimed to explore the trajectory of CRF and its predictors in postoperative chemotherapy patients with lung cancer. Methods: A total of 202 lung cancer patients who underwent surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy were recruited for this study. Baseline questionnaires were completed, covering sociodemographic information, disease details, CRF levels, personality traits, psychological resilience, and social support. CRF was assessed at three time points: first chemotherapy (T1), 3 months after chemotherapy (T2), and 6 months after chemotherapy (T3). Latent class growth modeling (LCGM) was used to identify distinct developmental trajectories of CRF. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine predictors of CRF within different patient groups. Results: The LCGM analysis revealed three distinct CRF trajectories: persistent high fatigue group (30.7%), rising fatigue group (30.7%), and no fatigue group (38.6%). Cancer stage (OR = 7.563, 95% CI = 2.468–23.182, P < 0.001), melancholic personality (OR = 6.901, 95% CI = 1.261–37.764, P = 0.026), and high psychological resilience (OR = 0.171, 95% CI = 0.041–0.706, P = 0.015) were associated with the CRF trajectory. On the other hand, sanguine personality (OR = 0.254, 95% CI = 0.071–0.916, P = 0.036) and high social support (OR = 0.168, 95% CI = 0.045–0.627, P = 0.008) were associated with the increasing fatigue trajectory. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 60% of lung cancer patients experienced persistent fatigue throughout the assessment period. Moreover, it confirmed the heterogeneity of CRF trajectories among lung cancer patients. The severity of CRF was found to be higher in patients with advanced clinical stages, depressive personality traits, and lower psychological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) occurs in nearly all patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Objectives: This real-world analysis aimed to describe the prevalence and importance of fatigue in patients with MBC within 3 months of treatment with single-agent taxane-based chemotherapy during the timeframe of 2020–2022 in the United States and Europe. It was also conducted to assess whether there was a difference in relapsed patients compared to patients diagnosed de novo. Design: Electronic health records were analyzed from approximately 150 million patients to identify patients with MBC who underwent taxane treatment. Results: In 2021, 50,490 patients had MBC, of whom 16,170 were diagnosed de novo and 34,330 experienced relapse. The proportion of patients undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy was 7.5% (n = 1220) and 13.4% (n = 4590), respectively, and the prevalence of any fatigue and CRF was similar between the groups (24.6% versus 25.7% and 6.6% versus 5.4%, respectively). Conclusion: At least one in four patients with MBC undergoing taxane-based treatment will experience fatigue. This highlights the importance of validating screening tools to identify CRF, which is necessary to advance clinical trials aimed at investigating treatment strategies to improve patient-centered outcomes for fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Inflammation is thought to be a vital element in the etiology of cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and circulating blood cell parameters could be important markers of inflammatory response. However, the associations of several major blood cell counts and their derived inflammatory indices with CRF are not well described. The present study aimed to establish whether a relationship exists between the counts of three white blood cell (WBC) types, platelets, and CRF and investigate whether several systemic inflammatory indices were associated with CRF in patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample of 824 patients with BC undergoing chemotherapy. The cancer fatigue scale was administered to assess CRF. Hematological indicators, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets, were retrieved from routine blood test. Network analyses were used to examine the associations among them. Results: Among 824 participants, the mean score of CRF was (27 ± 10), ranging from 0 to 57. The results of network models indicated that physical fatigue was negatively linked to lymphocyte counts (weight = − 0.161), and affective fatigue was positively associated with neutrophil counts (weight = 0.070). Additionally, physical fatigue was positively linked to the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (weight = 0.049). Conclusion: There were preliminary associations of counts of three WBC types, platelet counts, and systemic inflammatory indices, with distinct dimensions of CRF in patients with BC. Findings provide empirical support for the cellular basis of fatigue-associated inflammatory states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is challenging to diagnose and manage due to a lack of consensus on its definition and assessment. The objective of this scoping review is to summarize how CRF has been defined and assessed in adult patients with cancer worldwide. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycNet) were searched to identify eligible original research articles published in English over a 10-year span (2010–2020); CRF was required to be a primary outcome and described as a dimensional construct. Each review phase was piloted: title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. Then, two independent reviewers participated in each review phase, and discrepancies were resolved by a third party. Results: 2923 articles were screened, and 150 were included. Only 68% of articles provided a definition for CRF, of which 90% described CRF as a multidimensional construct, and 41% were identical to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network definition. Studies were primarily conducted in the United States (19%) and the majority employed longitudinal (67%), quantitative (93%), and observational (57%) study designs with sample sizes ≥ 100 people (57%). Participant age and race were often not reported (31% and 82%, respectively). The most common cancer diagnosis and treatment were breast cancer (79%) and chemotherapy (80%; n = 86), respectively. CRF measures were predominantly multidimensional (97%, n = 139), with the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) (26%) as the most common CRF measure and “Physical” (76%) as the most common CRF dimension. Conclusion: This review confirms the need for a universally agreed-upon definition and standardized assessment battery for CRF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between anxiety, depression, and cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in cancer patients is currently gaining attention, yet no research to date, have investigated the cognitive coping strategies moderating this link. This study evaluated the moderating role of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) in the association between anxiety, depression, and CRF in cancer patients. Participants included 372 cancer patients (female = 57%) recruited from the oncology unit of a University Teaching Hospital, South-east Nigeria. They completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulatory Questionnaires. The results of the moderation analysis showed that the adaptive CER (ACER) and maladaptive (MCER) total scores moderated the relationship between anxiety and CRF, but not for depression. ACER resulted in lower CRF when combined with lower anxiety while the use of MCER resulted in higher CRF when combined with higher anxiety. Further probe into the nine dimensions of CER (five ACER and four MCER) showed positive refocusing, putting into perspective, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, catastrophizing and others blame moderated the association between anxiety and CRF. But for depression, self-blame moderated the relationship between depression and CRF, particularly at higher level of self-blame. These findings highlighted the importance of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the management of CRF in cancer patients. Interventions aimed at improving better cognitive coping strategies could help to ameliorate higher level of psychological distress among cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) significantly impacts the quality of life of cancer patients. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Shenqi Fuzheng injection (SFI) in managing CRF, focusing on its mechanistic action in skeletal muscle. We utilized a CRF mouse model to examine the effects of SFI on physical endurance, monitoring activity levels, swimming times and rest periods. Proteomic analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle was performed using isobaric tags and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to map the muscle proteome changes post‐SFI treatment. Mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle was assessed via ATP bioluminescence assay. Furthermore, the regulatory role of the hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF‐1α) signalling pathway in mediating SFI's effects was explored through western blotting. In CRF‐induced C2C12 myoblasts, we evaluated cell viability (CCK‐8 assay), apoptosis (flow cytometry) and mitophagy (electron microscopy). The study also employed pulldown, luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SFI's action, particularly focusing on the transcriptional regulation of PINK1 through HIF‐1α binding at the PINK1 promoter region. Our findings reveal that SFI enhances physical mobility, reduces fatigue symptoms and exerts protective effects on skeletal muscles by mitigating mitochondrial damage and augmenting antioxidative responses. SFI promotes cell viability and induces mitophagy while decreasing apoptosis, primarily through the modulation of HIF‐1α, PINK1 and p62 proteins. These results underscore SFI's efficacy in enhancing mitochondrial autophagy, thereby offering a promising approach for ameliorating CRF. The study not only provides insight into SFI's potential therapeutic mechanisms but also establishes a foundation for further exploration of SFI interventions in CRF management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, fatigue is present throughout the course of treatment and during follow-up. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a significant treatment-related side effect experienced by oral cancer patients during and after treatment. CRF, when coupled with other side effects of oral cavity cancer, patients who undergo definitive treatment have some of the most dramatic acute side effects, and reduced overall quality of life (QoL). Although there are upcoming intervention strategies to manage CRF, the effect of exercise intervention is explored in this study. The rationale for considering exercise to manage CRF is that it may alleviate the combined effect of toxic treatment and decreased levels of activity during the treatment that reduces the capacity for physical performance. Objective This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of exercise intervention on CRF, and its influence on functional capacity and QoL among patients with oral cavity cancer during and after their primary cancer treatment. Materials and Methods Oral cavity cancer patients (n = 223), planned for only chemoradiotherapy with curative intent were screened for CRF. Based on the inclusion criteria, 69 patients were grouped randomly into experimental (n = 35) and control (n = 34) groups. Patients in the experimental group were provided structured exercise intervention, while the control group was offered standard and routine care. Structured exercise in this present study comprised moderate-intensity walking and resistance exercises using TheraBand every day for three to five times a week. CRF was assessed using symbolic assessment of fatigue extent and the functional capacity was assessed by 6-minute walk test (6MWT), maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max), and hand dynamometer. QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer-QoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Head and Neck Cancer module (HN35), while distress was assessed by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Distress Thermometer. Randomized patients were assessed at four points. Result The size effects in fatigue extent (η p2 = 0.40) and fatigue impact (η p2 = 0.41) were found to be moderate, and a positive correlation between 6MWT, fatigue extent, and fatigue impact was observed. Conclusion This study suggests that exercise intervention has a significant positive impact on CRF, most aspects of QoL, and the functional capacity of the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the dynamic changes in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and its relationship with mitochondrial-related gene expression in cervical cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) . Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2022 at West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, involving 84 cervical cancer patients undergoing CCRT, with 42 patients in both the observation and control groups. CRF scores, depression scores, and six peripheral blood samples (pre-treatment and after the 1st-5th CCRT) were collected and compared with baseline data from the control group. Repeated measures, mitochondrial PCR arrays, and mixed linear models were used to analyze the trends in CRF at different treatment times, differential expression of mitochondrial-related genes, and their relationship with CRF. Results Compared to baseline, CRF worsened with increasing CCRT sessions (F=8.254, P=0.036) . Eight mitochondrial genes (EHD1, FIS1, SORL1, CXCR1, GAPDH, RAC2, ACTB, and BCL2 L1) were upregulated by more than 3-fold, while five genes (MTOR, PDK3, NSD1, MIPEP, and MSTO1) were downregulated by more than 5-fold. Nine mitochondrial genes (CXCR1, GAPDH, SORL1, MTOR, FIS1, EHD1, PDK3, NSD1, and MIPEP) showed a close association with CRF. Conclusion This study preliminarily identified nine mitochondrial genes associated with CRF, providing references for developing targeted drugs for CRF or formulating targeted nursing interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of Nuvastatic™ (C5OSEW5050ESA) in improving cancer-related fatigue (CRF) among cancer patients. Methods: This multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 trial included 110 solid malignant tumor patients (stage II–IV) undergoing chemotherapy. They were randomly selected and provided oral Nuvastatic™ 1000 mg (N = 56) or placebo (N = 54) thrice daily for 9 weeks. The primary outcomes were fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)) and Visual Analog Scale for Fatigue (VAS-F)) scores measured before and after intervention at baseline and weeks 3, 6, and 9. The secondary outcomes were mean group difference in the vitality subscale of the Medical Outcome Scale Short Form-36 (SF-36) and urinary F2-isoprostane concentration (an oxidative stress biomarker), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores, adverse events, and biochemical and hematologic parameters. Analysis was performed by intention-to-treat (ITT). Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed by two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (mixed ANOVA). Results: The Nuvastatic™ group exhibited an overall decreased fatigue score compared with the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the Nuvastatic™ group significantly reduced BFI-fatigue (BFI fatigue score, F (1.4, 147) = 16.554, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.333). The Nuvastatic™ group significantly reduced VAS-F fatigue (F (2, 210) = 9.534, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.083), improved quality of life (QoL) (F (1.2, 127.48) = 34.07, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.243), and lowered urinary F2-IsoP concentrations (mean difference (95% CI) = 55.57 (24.84, 86.30)), t (55) = 3.624, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d (95% CI) = 0.48 (0.20, 0.75)). Reported adverse events were vomiting (0.9%), fever (5.4%), and headache (2.7%). Conclusion: Nuvastatic™ is potentially an effective adjuvant for CRF management in solid tumor patients and worthy of further investigation in larger trials. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT04546607. Study registration date (first submitted): 11–05-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is unrelenting. As neither rest nor sleep ameliorates cognitive, emotional, and physical symptoms, quality of life is diminished. This study examines resistance training (RT) effectiveness on CRF in cancer survivors. The secondary aims were to identify the dose-response relationship of RT frequency, intensity, and volume on CRF in different cancer survivor populations. Systematic searches via numerous databases for RCTs were performed in June 2022. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROM), were analysed, pre-to-post intervention, using a random-effects model. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale informed methodological quality assessment. Eight studies were included (cancer survivors: breast (BCS) = 5; endometrial (ECS) = 1; prostate (PCS) = 2). Overall, RT interventions ≥ 6 weeks elicited large significant reductions in CRF for FACIT-F (SMD = 0.932, p = <0.001) and moderate significant reductions in CRF for PFS-R (SMD = −0.622, p = 0.004). Main findings indicate that RT ameliorates CRF, especially in BCS; however, individualised approaches should be advocated. Supervised training elicited the greatest positive outcomes, thus should be a pivotal part of the cancer rehabilitation pathway. Future studies should be adequately powered, undertake discrete analyses of different cancer types, and investigate chronic RT effects. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is debilitating and distressing, leading to reduced quality of life and function in cancer survivors. Considerable heterogeneity exists in disease histology and clinical patient presentation. Individualised resistance training (RT) is an effective, safe, and accessible intervention to mitigat:e fatigue levels, thus aid function, most notably in breast cancer survivors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cancer‐related fatigue (CRF) and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) are two common concerns experienced by cancer survivors. However, the relationship between these two concerns is poorly understood, and whether CRF and FCR influence each other over time is unclear. Methods: Data were from a national, prospective, longitudinal study, the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors‐I (SCS‐I). Surveys were completed by 1395 survivors of 10 different cancer types at three time‐points, including assessment 1.3 years (T1), 2.2 years (T2) and 8.8 years (T3) following their cancer diagnosis. CRF was assessed using the fatigue‐inertia subscale of the Profile of Mood States, and FCR by the FCR subscale of the Cancer Problems in Living Scale. Multiple group random intercepts cross‐lagged panel models investigated prospective associations between CRF and FCR. Results: For younger participants (at or below median age of 55 years, n = 697), CRF at T1 and T2 marginally and significantly predicted FCR at T2 and T3, respectively, but no lagged effects of FCR on subsequent CRF were observed. Cross‐lagged effects were not observed for survivors over 55 years of age. Conclusion: Both CRF and FCR are debilitating side effects of cancer and its treatments. Given that CRF may be predictive of FCR, it possible that early detection and intervention for CRF could contribute to lowering FCR severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Understanding cancer symptom cluster through network analyses is a new approach in oncology, revealing interconnected and influential relationships among reported symptoms. We aimed to assess these relationships using network analysis in posttreatment breast cancer patients, focusing on the five dimensions of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), and on other common difficulties encountered by oncological patients (i.e., pain, anxiety, depression, sleep difficulties, cognitive impairments, and emotion regulation and mental adaptation difficulties). Method This study involved a complementary analysis of data from two interventional studies. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the intervention, with baseline scores being used in this article. Partial correlation network analysis modeled the relationships between symptoms in five distinct networks, each of them including one specific dimension of CRF. The core symptom in each network was identified based on the highest centrality indices. Results Depression emerged as the core symptom in all networks, strongly associated with all fatigue dimensions (partial correlations ranging from 0.183 to 0.269) except mental fatigue. These findings indicate robust connections between symptoms, as variations in depression scores directly or indirectly influence fatigue and other symptoms within the cluster. Conclusion Our results support the multidimensional aspect of CRF, and its links with other common symptoms. To effectively reduce patient CRF, interventions should address not only fatigue but also the closely related symptoms from the cluster, such as depression, given its centrality in the cluster. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03144154 and NCT04873661). Retrospectively registered on May 1, 2017 and April 29, 2021, respectively.

Abstract Background While advancements in cancer treatments have improved survival rates, they also lead to adverse effects such as insomnia, which significantly impacts survivors' sleep quality. Objective This study explores the influence of cancer‐related fatigue (CRF), Fear of Cancer Recurrence (FCR), and psychological distress, with rumination serving as a mediating factor, on the insomnia experienced by cancer survivors. Methods The study involved 220 cancer survivors attending Shohada‐e‐Tajrish Hospital's oncology center in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and completed several questionnaires: the Insomnia Severity Index, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Rumination Response Scale. Results The results showed that the tested model had a good fit, and the correlation matrix demonstrated significant positive correlations between CRF (0.46), FCR (0.15), psychological distress (0.55), and rumination (0.42) with insomnia in cancer survivors (p

IntroductionCancer is a debilitating disease with an often chronic course. One of the most taxing and prevalent sequelae in this context is cancer-related fatigue (CRF) resulting from the disease and/or associated treatments. Over the last years mindfulness-based interventions such as eurythmy therapy (ERYT), a mindful-movement therapy from anthroposophic medicine, have emerged as promising adjunct therapies in oncology. This prospective study investigated an online implementation of ERYT for CRF using a single arm repeated-measures design based on two consecutive studies.MethodStudy 1 consisted of an initial assessment before, during, after, and at follow up of a 6-week online ERYT-based program in a mixed sample of N = 165 adults with or without cancer diagnosis. Study 2 involved a similar design with an adapted 8-week online ERYT-based program in a sample of N = 125 adults who had been diagnosed with cancer. Outcomes were assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue, Perceived Stress Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index (for Study 1 all, for Study 2 only the former three). We additionally performed an exploratory analysis regarding practice frequency and duration. Data were analyzed using Linear Mixed-Effect Models per outcome; ANOVA was used for practice times.ResultsFor Study 1, mixed-effects model estimates showed no significant effect on fatigue, but pointed to significantly improved emotional and physical well-being, reduced stress, as well as increased mindfulness (mixed subjects). Functional and social well-being or sleep quality did not change significantly. Study 2 model estimates on the other hand showed significantly improved CRF in conjunction with the ERYT-based online intervention, as well as improved stress and mindfulness scores (cancer-diagnosed subjects).ConclusionTaken together, while our results should be interpreted with caution given the single-arm design and relatively high dropout, they suggest online ERYT may be associated with a reduction in fatigue for individuals diagnosed with cancer, an increase in mindfulness, and benefits for stress and certain well-being indicators. The online group format is advantageous in view of affordability and accessibility, the latter being particularly relevant for individuals who due to high symptom severity cannot leave their homes. Randomized-controlled studies will be needed to confirm these findings.

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a pervasive, persistent, and distressing symptom experienced by cancer patients, for which few treatments are available. We investigated the efficacy and safety of infrared laser moxibustion (ILM) for improving fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Methods A three-arm, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial (6-week intervention plus 12-week observational follow-up) was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. The female breast cancer survivors with moderate to severe fatigue were randomized 2:2:1 to ILM (n = 56) sham ILM (n = 56), and Waitlist control (WLC)(n = 28) groups. Patients in the ILM and sham ILM (SILM) groups received real or sham ILM treatment, 2 sessions per week for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. The primary outcome was change in the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) score from baseline to week 6 with follow-up until week 18 assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Results Between June 2018 and July 2021, 273 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 140 patients were finally enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Compared with WLC, ILM reduced the average BFI score by 0.9 points (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.6, P = .007) from baseline to week 6, with a difference between the groups of 1.1 points (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8, P = .002) at week 18. Compared with SILM, ILM treatment resulted in a non-significant reduction in the BFI score (0.4; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.9, P = .206) from baseline to week 6, while the between-group difference was significant at week 18 (0.7; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.3, P = .014). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion While ILM was found to be safe and to significantly reduce fatigue compared with WLC, its promising efficacy against the sham control needs to be verified in future adequately powered trials. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04144309. Registered 12 June 2018.

Context: Cancer and its treatments cause fatigue in up to 90% of men with advanced prostate cancer. As men with prostate cancer are surviving longer, cancer-related fatigue is becoming increasingly important for clinicians to understand and proactively manage. Objective: The aim of this work is to identify knowledge gaps that may support healthcare professionals to recommend personalised fatigue management strategies. Evidence acquisition: This manuscript is based on a roundtable discussion held during the European Association of Urology 2022 Annual Symposium, combined with a review of the literature. Five core themes were generated from the roundtable: (1) meaning of fatigue in prostate cancer patients, (2) impact of fatigue, (3) association between fatigue and treatment selection, (4) benefits of managing fatigue, and (5) barriers to exercise. Evidence synthesis: Cancer-related fatigue has complex underlying aetiology and is a subjective experience that may be under-reported. Some studies have shown that techniques such as education, cognitive behavioural therapy, guided imagery, and progressive muscle relaxation can result in clinically meaningful improvements in fatigue. However, the largest body of evidence, and a theme echoed in the roundtable discussions, was the benefit of exercise on fatigue. Despite the benefits of exercise, for some men, objective barriers to exercise exist and knowledge of benefits does not automatically translate into implementation and adherence. Conclusions: Understanding the specific health needs of individual patients and their desired health outcomes is essential to identify personalised strategies for minimising fatigue. As an outcome of the roundtable meeting, we developed a quick reference guide for healthcare providers. A high-resolution copy can be downloaded from https://patients.uroweb.org/library/fatigue-in-prostate-cancer-patients-guide/. Patient summary: This article is based on dialogue between a group of specialists, patients, and caregivers, which took place at a roundtable meeting during the European Association of Urology 2022 Annual Symposium. The group discussed how healthcare providers can best support their patients who experience fatigue. The group subsequently developed a guide to help healthcare providers during appointments.

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue is a prevalent condition in all stages of oncologic disease that is poorly diagnosed, with a negative impact on physical function to perform activities of daily living. Fatigue is also one of the main manifestations in post-COVID-19 syndrome, and few studies have explored the functionality of cancer patients after infection by the new coronavirus. This study was designed to assess cancer-related fatigue symptoms and their implications on physical function and quality of life during the pandemic. Methodology An observational study with a cross-sectional survey in cancer patients ≥ 18 years of age was conducted. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F), the perception of asthenia and performance status were evaluated, and the differences between groups according to the history of COVID-19 were calculated. Results A total of 60 cancer patients had an average age of 33.5 ± 10.11 years, 73.3% were female, and 98.3% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status level

Abstract More attention has gone to researching the cancer-related fatigue (CRF)–sleep disturbance (SD)–psychological distress (PD) symptom cluster in breast cancer patients during the chemotherapy period, but the change trend and heterogeneous development track in the whole treatment stage remain unclear, and it is also unclear whether the appearance of and changes in one symptom cause changes in other symptoms and quality of life (QoL). This study, using breast cancer patients’ data collected through a validated questionnaire, examined the relationships between SD, CRF, PD, and QoL using latent growth modeling analyses. CRF developmental trajectories showed an upward trend over five surveys (slope = 0.649, P

Abstract Objective Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has been considered the biggest influencing factor for cancer patients after surgery. This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for severe cancer-related fatigue (CRF) patients with cervical cancer (CC). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to develop and validate a nomogram (building set = 196; validation set = 88) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a Class III hospital in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. We adopted the questionnaire method, including the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS), Medical Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13). Binary logistic regression was used to test the risk factors of CRF. The R4.1.2 software was used to develop and validate the nomogram, including Bootstrap resampling method, the ability of Area Under Curve (AUC), Concordance Index (C-Index), Hosmer Lemeshow goodness of fit test, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, Calibration calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis curve (DCA). Results The regression equation was Logit(P) = 1.276–0.947 Monthly income + 0.989 Long-term passive smoking − 0.952 Physical exercise + 1.512 Diagnosis type + 1.040 Coping style − 0.726 Perceived Social Support − 2.350 Sense of Coherence. The C-Index of the nomogram was 0.921 (95% CI: 0.877 $$ \sim $$ 0.958). The ROC curve showed the sensitivity of the nomogram was 0.821, the specificity was 0.900, and the accuracy was 0.857. AUC was 0.916 (95% CI: 0.876 $$ \sim $$ 0.957). The calibration showed that the predicted probability of the nomogram fitted well with the actual probability. The DCA curve showed when the prediction probability was greater than about 10%, the benefit of the nomogram was positive. The results in the validation group were similar. Conclusion This nomogram had good identifiability, accuracy and clinical practicality, and could be used as a prediction and evaluation tool for severe cases of clinical patients with CC.

Abstract Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is considered one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms among cancer patients and may vary among patients with different cancer types. However, few studies have explored the influence of physical and psychological symptoms on CRF among esophageal cancer (EC) patients without esophagectomy. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of physical and psychological symptoms on CRF among EC patients without esophagectomy. Methods In the present study, a cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to March 2022 in Liaoning Province, China. Among the 112 included participants, 97 completed our investigation. The questionnaires used consisted of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Gastrointestinal Cancer Module (MDASI-GI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and demographic and clinical information. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to test the relationships between physical and psychological symptoms and CRF. Results Of the 97 EC patients, 60.8% reported CRF (BFI ≥ 4). The mean age of the participants was 64.92 years (SD = 8.67). According to the regression model, all the variables explained 74.5% of the variance in CRF. Regression analysis indicated that physical symptoms, including constipation, diarrhoea, and difficulty swallowing, contributed to CRF. On the other hand, depressive symptoms increased the level of CRF among EC patients without esophagectomy. Conclusions Given the high prevalence of CRF among EC patients without esophagectomy, it is urgent to emphasize the importance of fatigue management interventions based on physical and psychological symptoms to alleviate CRF in EC patients.

Abstract Background Adults with cancer experience symptoms that change across the disease trajectory. Due to the distress and cost associated with uncontrolled symptoms, improving symptom management is an important component of quality cancer care. Clinical decision support (CDS) is a promising strategy to integrate clinical practice guideline (CPG)-based symptom management recommendations at the point of care. Methods The objectives of this project were to develop and evaluate the usability of two symptom management algorithms (constipation and fatigue) across the trajectory of cancer care in patients with active disease treated in comprehensive or community cancer care settings to surveillance of cancer survivors in primary care practices. A modified ADAPTE process was used to develop algorithms based on national CPGs. Usability testing involved semi-structured interviews with clinicians from varied care settings, including comprehensive and community cancer centers, and primary care. The transcripts were analyzed with MAXQDA using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method. A cross tabs analysis was also performed to assess the prevalence of themes and subthemes by cancer care setting. Results A total of 17 clinicians (physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants) were interviewed for usability testing. Three main themes emerged: (1) Algorithms as useful, (2) Symptom management differences, and (3) Different target end-users. The cross-tabs analysis demonstrated differences among care trajectories and settings that originated in the Symptom management differences theme. The sub-themes of “Differences between diseases” and “Differences between care trajectories” originated from participants working in a comprehensive cancer center, which tends to be disease-specific locations for patients on active treatment. Meanwhile, participants from primary care identified the sub-theme of “Differences in settings,” indicating that symptom management strategies are care setting specific. Conclusions While CDS can help promote evidence-based symptom management, systems providing care recommendations need to be specifically developed to fit patient characteristics and clinical context. Findings suggest that one set of algorithms will not be applicable throughout the entire cancer trajectory. Unique CDS for symptom management will be needed for patients who are cancer survivors being followed in primary care settings.

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a pervasive, persistent, and distressing symptom experienced by cancer patients, for which few treatments are available. We investigated the efficacy and safety of infrared laser moxibustion (ILM) for improving fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Methods: A three-arm, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial (6-week intervention plus 12-week observational follow-up) was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. The female breast cancer survivors with moderate to severe fatigue were randomized 2:2:1 to ILM (n = 56) sham ILM (n = 56), and Waitlist control (WLC)(n = 28) groups. Patients in the ILM and sham ILM (SILM) groups received real or sham ILM treatment, 2 sessions per week for 6 weeks, for a total of 12 sessions. The primary outcome was change in the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) score from baseline to week 6 with follow-up until week 18 assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Results: Between June 2018 and July 2021, 273 patients were assessed for eligibility, and 140 patients were finally enrolled and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Compared with WLC, ILM reduced the average BFI score by 0.9 points (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.6, P =.007) from baseline to week 6, with a difference between the groups of 1.1 points (95% CI, 0.4 to 1.8, P =.002) at week 18. Compared with SILM, ILM treatment resulted in a non-significant reduction in the BFI score (0.4; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.9, P =.206) from baseline to week 6, while the between-group difference was significant at week 18 (0.7; 95% CI, 0.2 to 1.3, P =.014). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: While ILM was found to be safe and to significantly reduce fatigue compared with WLC, its promising efficacy against the sham control needs to be verified in future adequately powered trials. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04144309. Registered 12 June 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cancer seriously endangers human health and represents a global public health issue. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a distressing and persistent sense of exhaustion caused by cancer or cancer treatment, widely prevalent among cancer patients. This study aims to summarize emerging trends and provide directions for future research of CRF through bibliometric and visualization analyses. Methods: A systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2001-01-01 to 2023-05-18 were conducted. Only reviews and articles written in English were considered. CiteSpace and the R were used for bibliometric and visualization analyses. Results: The analysis revealed that 2,566 studies on CRF have been published by 1,041 institutions in 70 countries so far. The number of articles published and cited annually have been steadily increasing. Eduardo Bruera published the most articles, and Julienne E Bower is the most co-cited author. The University of Texas System is the leading institution in cancer-related fatigue research. The United States and China have the largest number of publications. Supportive Care in Cancer published the most articles, and Journal of Clinical Oncology is the most co-cited journal. "Comparison of Pharmaceutical, Psychological, and Exercise Treatments for Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Meta-analysis", authored by Mustian KM et al. and published in JAMA Oncology was the most co-cited document. Keyword analysis indicated that research focus had shifted from "epoetin alpha" and "anemia" to "risk factors", "systematic review", "acupuncture", "anxiety", "traditional Chinese medicine" and "guidelines". Conclusion: In conclusion, this analysis provides comprehensive research trends and knowledge network maps of CRF. Clinical physicians should concurrently focus on the anemia, insomnia, anxiety, and depression status of patients when assessing or managing CRF. Improvements in related risk factors also contribute to alleviating fatigue. Furthermore, it is essential to pay attention to authoritative CRF guidelines. Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine also have therapeutic potential, which merits further investigation. Researchers should draw attention to the crucial roles of inflammation, hypoxia, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which could be the frontiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common side effect of cancer and cancer treatment that significantly impairs the quality of life and can persist for years after treatment completion. Although fatigue is often associated with cancer treatment, it is also a result of the disease itself, even before intervention. CRF at the time of diagnosis may affect treatment timing or completion and is a consistent predictor of post-treatment fatigue at any time. The mechanisms underlying CRF are multidimensional and not well understood, particularly at the time of diagnosis. Methods: Sixty-five breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis were included. The participants completed self-assessment questionnaires about CRF, sleep disturbances, and emotional symptoms and wore an accelerometer to assess levels of spontaneous physical activity and sleep quality. During the experimental session, the participants underwent cognitive, neuromuscular, and exercise metabolism evaluations. Results: Using augmented backward elimination regression, this study found that emotional symptoms and perceived sleep disturbances were the strongest predictors of CRF (adjusted r2 = 0.51). Neuromuscular fatigability and sleep disturbance were also associated with physical dimensions, whereas cognitive performance was associated with cognitive dimensions. Conclusion: At the time of diagnosis, emotional and cognitive dimensions are over-represented compared to the general population, and specific subdimensions have specific predictors that support the idea of distinct mechanisms. Evaluating CRF subdimensions and their potential mechanisms at the time of diagnosis would be particularly relevant for identifying high-risk patients and offering them appropriate interventions. Trial registration: This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04391543) in May, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in patients with primary liver cancer and to construct a prediction model. Methods: 200 primary liver cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected, patients were divided into CRF group (124 cases) and non-CRF group (76 cases) according to the presence or absence of CRF at 3 months after surgical. The factors affecting postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and to construct its prediction model. The predictive value of the prediction model for postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: Univariate analysis showed that, the course of disease in CRF group was longer than that in non-CRF group, the Child-Pugh grade B, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 1～2 points, adjuvant chemotherapy, medical payment at their own expense and the proportion of depression/anxiety were higher than those in non-CRF group, and the proportion of high school education and above, family monthly income >3 000 yuan and high social support were lower than those in non-CRF group(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, prolonged course of disease, Child-Pugh grade B, ECOG score of 1～2 points, adjuvant chemotherapy, medical payment at their own expense, depression/anxiety were independent risk factors for postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients, family monthly income >3000 yuan and high social support were independent protective factors(P＜0.05). The prediction model equation of postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients: Logit (P)=P/1-P=-1.252+0.409×course of disease+0.839×Child-Pugh classification+1.378×ECOG score+1.055×adjuvant chemotherapy+1.476×medical payment method-0.793×family monthly income+0.883×depression/anxiety-1.260×social support. Hosmer-Lemeshaw test P>0.05. ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve of the model for predicting postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients was 0.910, the sensitivity was 87.10%, and the specificity was 85.53%. Conclusion: The course of disease, Child-Pugh classification, ECOG score, adjuvant chemotherapy, medical payment method, depression/anxiety, family monthly income and social support are the factors affecting postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients, the predictive model base on this has a high predictive value for postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients, which may be helpful for early clinical detection and intervention of postoperative CRF in primary liver cancer patients to improve the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]