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Exposure to air pollutants is linked to an increased risk of obesity, and socioeconomic status (SES) could modulate this risk. We employed the "Jinchang Cohort" as a platform to investigate the influence of SES (education level, monthly income per household, and marital status) on the obesity risk associated with PM2.5 and its constituents. Study has demonstrated that air pollutant exposure enhances the likelihood of overweight/obesity, with a risk ratio (HR) of 1.229 for each quartile increase in PM2.5 concentration (95% CI: 1.137–1.328, P < 0.05). The risk of overweight/obesity rises with pollutant levels across various SES strata, with the effect being most marked among those with higher SES. For instance, the HRs and 95% CIs for overweight/obesity with each quartile increase in SO42− concentration were 1.338 (1.207–1.484), 1.311 (1.121–1.533), and 2.224 (1.823, 2.714) at low, medium, and high SES levels, respectively (all P < 0.05). An interaction between air pollutants and SES was observed in the context of obesity risk, with RERIs of 0.723 (0.473–0.973) and 0.562 (0.268–0.856) for medium-high SES levels and high NO3− exposure, respectively (both P < 0.05). These findings have practical implications. Public health campaigns could be launched to raise awareness among higher SES individuals about the obesity risk associated with air pollutants and encourage them to adopt preventive measures such as using air purifiers and increasing physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mathematical theory of elasticity helps in the study of physical quantities in the problem of structures. The structures face the problem of crack's presence, which makes the problem difficult but not impossible to deal. Integral equations are useful in a variety of problems. Integral equations are used to solve problems like fracture mechanics or fracture design. The physical interest in the fracture design criterion is due to stress and crack opening displacement components. We have an accurate form of stress and displacement components for a pair of longitudinal crack propagations in the bone fracture of the human body at the interface of an isotropic and orthotropic half-space that are bounded together in the proposed study. The expression was calculated using the Fourier transform approach near the crack tips, but these components were evaluated using Fredholm integral equations and subsequently reduced to coupled Fredholm integral equations. We employ the Lowengrub and Sneddon problem in this research and reduce it to triple integral equations. The Srivastava and Lowengrub method reduces the solution of these equations to a coupled Fredholm integral equation. The problem is further reduced to a decoupled Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Triple integral equations are solved, and the problem is reduced to a coupled Fredholm integral equation. The Fredholm integral equation is solved and reduced to a decoupled Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. Stress and crack opening displacement components drive physical interest in fracture design criteria. Finally, the stress and displacement components may be simply calculated in their exact form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phase rule of Gibbs is one of the basic equations in phase equilibria. Although it has been with us for 150 years, discussions, interpretations and extensions have been published. Here, the following new content is provided: (i). the choice of independent components is discussed, and the component rule is introduced, (ii). independent state variables are divided into compositional and non-compositional ones, (iii). the generalized phase rule is derived replacing number two in the original phase rule by the number of independent non-compositional state variables introduced above, (iv). the degree of freedom is decreased by the number of compositional constraints in special points (azeotrope and congruent melting) of phase diagrams, (v). a rule is derived connecting the maximum number of coexisting phases with the dimensions of the phase diagram, (vi). examples show how to apply the phase rule to unary, binary and ternary phase diagrams and their sections, (vii). the same is extended with the discussion of calculable and not calculable phase fractions, (viii). it is shown that the current definition of the degree of freedom is not sufficient in the number of cases, (ix). the current definition of the degree of freedom is extended, (x). the application of the generalized phase rule is demonstrated when other non-compositional state variables are applied for nano-phase diagrams, and/or for phase diagrams under the influence of electric potential difference, external magnetic field, mechanical strain or the gravitational field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energy market, particularly the photovoltaic sector, has experienced significant growth over the past decade. Higher education institutions must play a vital role in the training of professionals, which the sector is currently demanding and will continue to require in the future. A pivotal resource for understanding the performance of PV modules is the experimental extraction of the characteristic I-V curve in laboratory practices. This paper presents an innovative and low-cost I-V curve tracer which can be used in indoor laboratories for teaching purposes. The described measurement system presents the novelty of helping form an energy-harvesting IC to force a sweep of the voltage from values close to zero to the open voltage circuit ( V o c ). An Arduino Micro board interfaces the implemented electronics and a LabVIEW-based monitoring and control program. The system proved its reliability and accuracy when it was compared to a calibrated commercial I-V tracer. The experimental results show that for a low-power PV module illuminated by a lamp, the proposed I-V tracer only deviated 1.3% from the commercial one in measurements of the maximum power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a systematic review of advancements in electronic nose technologies for early cancer detection with a particular focus on the detection and analysis of volatile organic compounds present in biomarkers such as breath, urine, saliva, and blood. Our objective is to comprehensively explore how these biomarkers can serve as early indicators of various cancers, enhancing diagnostic precision and reducing invasiveness. A total of 120 studies published between 2018 and 2023 were examined through systematic mapping and literature review methodologies, employing the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study design) methodology to guide the analysis. Of these studies, 65.83% were ranked in Q1 journals, illustrating the scientific rigor of the included research. Our review synthesizes both technical and clinical perspectives, evaluating sensor-based devices such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and selected ion flow tube–mass spectrometry with reported incidences of 30 and 8 studies, respectively. Key analytical techniques including Support Vector Machine, Principal Component Analysis, and Artificial Neural Networks were identified as the most prevalent, appearing in 22, 24, and 13 studies, respectively. While substantial improvements in detection accuracy and sensitivity are noted, significant challenges persist in sensor optimization, data integration, and adaptation into clinical settings. This comprehensive analysis bridges existing research gaps and lays a foundation for the development of non-invasive diagnostic devices. By refining detection technologies and advancing clinical applications, this work has the potential to transform cancer diagnostics, offering higher precision and reduced reliance on invasive procedures. Our aim is to provide a robust knowledge base for researchers at all experience levels, presenting insights on sensor capabilities, metrics, analytical methodologies, and the transformative impact of emerging electronic nose technologies in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Globally, harmful substance use is among the leading causes of premature deaths in the general population, and most of these behaviours are initiated during pre‐adolescence to young adulthood. Preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people is thus a global health priority. Diverse school‐based interventions have been implemented in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (LMICs); however, evidence regarding their theoretical underpinnings and core components is lacking. The aim of this scoping review was to identify the underlying (social/behavioural) theories, models or frameworks (TMF) and core (practical) components of school‐based interventions in LMICs aimed at preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people. Methods: Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for conducting scoping reviews, we searched scientific literature databases for articles published from 1995 to 2022. A further search was conducted using the reference lists of included articles. We selected randomized and non‐randomized trials of school‐based interventions in LMICs that aimed at preventing the onset or reducing the prevalence of substance use among young people. We used Covidence software to screen titles and abstracts, as well as full texts. We then extracted the data and analysed it using a descriptive content analysis approach. Two reviewers conducted the screening, extraction and data analysis and discussed discrepancies, and clarified doubts and uncertainties through consultation with the other team members. Findings: A total of 58 articles were included in the review. Most articles (63.8%) used either a single or combination of two or more TMFs to inform their interventions. The most widely used TMF was social learning theory followed by theory of planned behaviour. We identified six core components of substance use prevention interventions: education, school environment, school policy, parental involvement, peer engagement and counselling. Conclusion: This scoping review outlines the core components of school‐based substance use prevention interventions used in low‐and‐middle‐income countries and the common theories, models or frameworks that underpin the design of those interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Building Materials / Xinxing Jianzhu Cailiao is the property of New Building Materials Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and its components and severe obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: Data for children and adolescents aged 9–18 in this cross-sectional study were obtained from the 2019 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). Data for PM2.5 and its components were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset and matched with information on these children. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of severe obesity associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components. Results: A total of 160,205 children were included in the analysis. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the odds of severe childhood obesity, with this effect being more pronounced in girls. Among boys, the component with the most significant impact on severe obesity was organic matter (OM). The impact of PM2.5 and its components on severe obesity was greater in children from low economic and low parental education level households. Children with unhealthy lifestyle habits have higher odds of severe obesity due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 and its components. Conclusions: The findings of this research support the development of strategies aimed at addressing severe obesity in children, suggesting that adopting healthy lifestyle practices could mitigate the odds of severe obesity due to PM2.5 and its components. There is a need for an increased focus on children in economically underdeveloped areas and those with unhealthy lifestyle habits, particularly those in rural areas and those who do not engage in adequate physical activity or get enough sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) after surgery. Methods: This study included 353 patients who had undergone surgery. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected. Subgroup, mixed-model regression, score systems, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed. Results: Overall, 353 inpatients were assigned to the poor outcome group (n = 69) and control group (n = 284) with or without MetS. Compared to the control group, the incidence of MetS was higher in the poor outcome group. Poor outcomes were present in 0%, 4.4%, 12.3%, 47.6%, 71.4%, and 100% of the six groups who met the diagnostic criteria for MetS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times, respectively. For multivariable logistic regression, Body mass index (BMI) quartiles remained risk factors for poor outcomes after adjustment for other risk factors. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the MetS was found to be an independent risk factor in several models. Assigning a score of one for each component, the AUC was 0.877 (95%CI: 0.823–0.923) in all patients, 0.864 (95%CI: 0.7945–0.935) in MetS, and 0.700 (95%CI: 0.567–0.833) in non-MetS by receiver operating characteristic. Conclusion: MetS, especially BMI, confer a greater risk of poor outcomes in ATAAD after surgery during the 3-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colostrum replacement products (CRP) for use in goat kids are sourced from bovine colostrum and often used by producers to supplement or replace maternal colostrum to prevent infections. To compare the CRP fed on farm to caprine colostrum a cross-sectional study was undertaken. Ontario dairy goat producers were asked to collect first milking colostrum from their goats and samples of the reconstituted commercial replacement product currently in use. The frozen samples were thawed and submitted for testing of fat, protein, and lactose content, IgG1 concentration, and aerobic bacterial culture. Compared with caprine colostrum, the reconstituted replacement products were lower in protein (11.7%), and fat (4.6%) and higher in lactose (5.4%) on average. The average IgG1 concentration in goat colostrum (53.5 g/L; range: 16.6–1,985.8) was significantly higher than in CRP (33.7 g/L; range: 10.7–55.3). The Brix cut point for good quality goat colostrum (50 g/L) was calculated at 23% (sensitivity = 69.6%, specificity = 88.0%) for goat colostrum and 26% for the CRP (sensitivity = 87.5%, specificity = 100%). The average aerobic bacteria count for goat colostrum was lower (2.95 log10 cfu/mL) than the CRP samples that were cultured (3.85 log10 cfu/mL). Further investigation into CRP, including on-farm storage of opened powdered product and mixing and storage of reconstituted product, is warranted. Variability in the levels of IgG1; aerobic bacterial growth; and fat, protein, and lactose content in CRP also requires further exploration to determine their effects on kid health. The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar disorder (BD) is well established, but much remains unknown about how change occurs. The primary objective of this exploratory study was to audit what is known about active components and mechanisms of action of psychological interventions for BD. Method: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42022323276). Two independent reviewers screened references from four databases and extracted data from eligible studies. Results: We included four component studies, six studies with mediation analyses and 26 studies presenting subjective experiences of how psychological interventions bring change. Ten mediators were examined across six studies, with only one putative mediator, medication adherence, tested in more than one study. Some initial support for mediation of varied outcomes by control over thoughts, positive non‐verbal behaviour, self‐esteem, post‐trauma growth and medication adherence. Some preliminary support was found in two components, human support and IPT. Studies exploring participant experiences of therapeutic change enumerated a range of potential active components, mechanisms of action and contextual factors potentially warranting investigation in future research. However, the evidence base for active components and mechanisms of action in psychological interventions for BD is unsatisfactory. Findings were inconsistent, studies homogenous with significant methodological limitations and statistical approaches failed to meet quality criteria. Conclusions: Preliminary identification of potential components and mechanisms via qualitative analyses and the insights emerging from this review will inform future research aimed at investigating how psychological interventions work in BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial pigments have extensive applications in the food, cosmetic, and biopharmaceutical industries. In this study, a pigment-rich actinomycete identified as Streptomyces tauricus was isolated from soil, and the solubility and stability of its were investigated. The pigment was separated and purified through thin-layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine its components. The chemical structure of the pigment was characterized through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS–MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, the antioxidant properties and safety profile of the pigment were assessed. The S. tauricus pigment was bright, vivid brownish-red, intracellular, and fat-soluble; it exhibited considerable photothermal stability and maintained its color below pH 7. The presence of Cu2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ ions markedly influenced the pigment's characteristics. The pigment comprised primarily purple and orange components. The purple component, which is relatively rare in microbial sources, was subjected to detailed study. The core structure of the purple component was identified as methylbenzanthracene dione, which has high antioxidant activity and no toxicity in brine shrimp assays. Due to its resilience to high temperatures and acidic environments, coupled with its bioactivity and lack of toxicity, this pigment may serve as a promising candidate for various industrial and food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coatings & Protection / Tuceng yu Fanghu is the property of Coating & Protection Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Bacterial infections are a major challenge in food processing and public health, and there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism and key components of Pinctada martensii antimicrobial proteins (Pm-Aps) to provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Methods: The researchers used Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) to stimulate Pinctada martensii, extracted the antimicrobial proteins, and analyzed their antimicrobial activities, potential mechanisms of action, and key components using proteomics. Results: The results showed that the antimicrobial activity of Pm-Aps, with broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects, was significantly enhanced after VP stimulation. This was associated with the upregulation of LAAO, CHDH, TLR2, ATG16L1, BAK, CLCA4, and CASP8 and the downregulation of MCM3, MCM5, DTYMK, PLK1, FBXO6, LPCAT3, GST, LAMTOR5, CYP17A, CTSA, and RRM1. It is hypothesized that these proteins may inhibit bacterial growth and multiplication by activating immune-related signaling pathways, inhibiting DNA replication and repair, and inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Furthermore, it was found that LAAO may be a key component of the antimicrobial action of Pm-Aps, killing bacteria by catalyzing the oxidation of amino acids to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that Pm-Aps is an effective antimicrobial protein, and it is expected that new LAAO can be obtained from Pm-Aps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of different withering methods on the quality of Congou black tea, this study focused on five different withering methods: natural withering, warm-air withering, sun–natural combined withering, sun withering, and shaking withering. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and ion-exchange chromatography techniques were used to analyze the nonvolatile and volatile components and composition of the tea. The results revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the contents of nonvolatile constituents including caffeine, polyphenols, soluble sugars, free amino acids and their components, theaflavins, thearubigins, and catechins among the five different withering methods, with varying degrees of correlation between these components. A total of 227 aroma compounds were detected, and significant differences in the contents of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones were observed. A relative odor activity value (ROVA) analysis of the aroma compounds revealed that 19 compounds had an ROVA > 1. Among them, benzylaldehyde, trans-2-decenal, decanal, benzaldehyde, nonanal, hexanal, trans-linalool, and geraniol from the shaking withering method had significantly higher ROVA values than those from the other withering methods, which may be the reason for the prominent floral and fruity aroma of shaking withering. This study revealed the impact of different withering methods on the quality of Congou black tea, providing a scientific basis for the development of Congou black tea with different flavors and the improvement of Congou black tea processing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Exposure to air pollutants is linked to an increased risk of obesity, and socioeconomic status (SES) could modulate this risk. We employed the “Jinchang Cohort” as a platform to investigate the influence of SES (education level, monthly income per household, and marital status) on the obesity risk associated with PM2.5 and its constituents. Study has demonstrated that air pollutant exposure enhances the likelihood of overweight/obesity, with a risk ratio (HR) of 1.229 for each quartile increase in PM2.5 concentration (95% CI: 1.137–1.328, P

Addressing the issue of the role of the economic factor in the national defense system can only be successfully achieved by taking into account the synergistic action of all factors that contribute to the state's defense capacity and the relationships between these factors. In this article, we have defined the concepts of national defense, the state's defense capacity, the economic factor and the components of this factor. The economic factor includes all material and spiritual resources, exploitable primary and reserve resources, human resources and the creative potential of citizens. The economic factor reflects the degree of development of all branches of the national economy. Analyzing the components of this factor, one can deduce the state of the economy of a state, which is of interest for assessing the economic and military strength of a country. The issue of the importance of the economic factor in the national defense system is vast and extremely complex, so it is almost impossible to treat it exhaustively in this article.

Ships used for shipping goods, especially on the MV. Cap San Juan there are things that must be considered, one of which is the reefer container which has strict maintenance and control to know that the reefer container can work optimally. In this case the reefer container has a risk of damage to its components so that the reefer container does not function as it should. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss as a form of effort in handling if damage occurs and unwanted obstacles occur. This study aims to determine the causes and effects of mechanical damage to reefer containers on ships and to find out how to overcome reefer containers that experience mechanical damage on the high seas based on field conditions. The research method used is a qualitative method using data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation regarding the handling of reefer containers when problems occur. Based on the results of observations made by the author regarding the various obstacles that occur in reefer containers during sea practice, there are two causes, namely component damage because it has passed the time limit for use and an electrical short circuit in one of its components which causes the reefer container to not be able to work optimally. This happened because there was no thorough checking and lack of maintenance.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to explore whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) after surgery. Methods This study included 353 patients who had undergone surgery. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected. Subgroup, mixed-model regression, score systems, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed. Results Overall, 353 inpatients were assigned to the poor outcome group (n = 69) and control group (n = 284) with or without MetS. Compared to the control group, the incidence of MetS was higher in the poor outcome group. Poor outcomes were present in 0%, 4.4%, 12.3%, 47.6%, 71.4%, and 100% of the six groups who met the diagnostic criteria for MetS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times, respectively. For multivariable logistic regression, Body mass index (BMI) quartiles remained risk factors for poor outcomes after adjustment for other risk factors. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the MetS was found to be an independent risk factor in several models. Assigning a score of one for each component, the AUC was 0.877 (95%CI: 0.823–0.923) in all patients, 0.864 (95%CI: 0.7945–0.935) in MetS, and 0.700 (95%CI: 0.567–0.833) in non-MetS by receiver operating characteristic. Conclusion MetS, especially BMI, confer a greater risk of poor outcomes in ATAAD after surgery during the 3-year follow-up.

Commercializing technological innovations is a strategic goal in entrepreneurial ventures and established firms. A fundamental decision that remains understudied in this context is the form in which the innovation is to be commercialized. The authors term this decision the firm's "product-form strategy" for the innovation. In Study 1, they employ a theories-in-use approach and, using in-depth interviews and field observations with technology entrepreneurs and angel investors, develop a theory of product-form strategy—to market the innovation as know-how, a component, or a system—and identify the primary drivers of this choice. The theory is tested using a multimethod, multicontext approach. In Study 2, the authors use proprietary investment proposals generated by entrepreneurial ventures when they seek support from angel investors. In Study 3, they test the theory using video transcriptions of technology proposals from the television show Shark Tank. In Study 4, the authors assess the internal validity of the theory with active angel investors as subjects. They find consistent support for their theory and conclude with implications for theory and managerial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Exploring the constituent elements of teacher leadership is an important research direction for bringing innovation and entrepreneurship within teacher leadership research. However, there are very few studies on the components of teacher leadership based on the perspective of innovative teacher behaviour. This paper uses the method of grounded theory and the three-level coding technology of the qualitative analysis software Nvivo12.0 to code and analyse 33 Chinese core journal texts about teacher leadership in the CNKI database. In these texts, teaching students in an innovative and entrepreneurial way is the fundamental element, leading colleagues and assisting leaders to represent higher-level relationship elements, serving society is the highest-level element, and developing oneself is the driving force that runs through the entire process. A deep understanding of the constituent elements and structural dimensions of teacher leadership can help promote innovation and entrepreneurship through teachers’ independent development, mutual assistance, and cooperation, improve teachers’ leadership performance, and promote the development of students and schools.

As a kind of high-efficiency explosive with compound destructive capability, the energy output law of thermobaric explosives has been receiving great attention. In order to investigate the effects of main components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosives, various high explosives and oxidants were selected to formulate five different types of thermobaric explosive. Then they were tested in both open space and closed space respectively. Pressure measurement system, high-speed camera, infrared thermal imager and multispectral temperature measurement system were used for pressure, temperature and fireball recording. The effects of different components on the explosive characteristics of thermobaric explosive were analyzed. The results showed that in open space, the overpressure is dominated by the high explosives content in the formulation. The addition of the oxidants will decrease the explosion overpressure but will increase the duration and overall brightness of the fireball. While in closed space, the quasi-static pressure formed after the explosion is positively correlated with the temperature and gas production. In addition, it was found that the differences in shell constraints can also alter the afterburning reaction of thermobaric explosives, thus affecting their energy output characteristics. PVC shell constraint obviously increases the overpressure and makes the fireball burn more violently.

With the rapid development of economic level, people's requirements for environmental facilities for leisure and entertainment are constantly improving. The water environment of swimming pool is directly related to people's safety and health. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of swimming pool water and give people a safer and more comfortable swimming environment. The photocatalytic assembly was numerical simulated with different internal structures using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) numerical simulation software. The simulation results show that the radiation flux of scheme 14B ( shell diameter of 200 mm, 14 quartz tubes, quartz tube diameter of 30 mm, inner center distance of 28 mm, outer center distance of 76 mm) is evenly distributed. When the inlet flow is 12 m³/ h, more than 90% of the velocity is greater than 0. 1 m/ s, reaching a turbulent state which is conducive to mass transmission, promotes photocatalytic reaction and improve the sterilization effect. The inlet and outlet position of the end cavity has little effect on the fluid in the component, and its position can be determined according to the site installation requirements. The radiation field is evenly distributed when the minimum basic unit of the quartz tube in the component is positively triangular cycle distribution and the center spacing of the inner tube is 52 mm. The results provide technical support for the development of swimming pool water sterilization equipment and lay the foundation for the development of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a pivotal transdiagnostic risk factor in psychopathology, is defined as a dispositional incapacity to withstand uncertainty distress, driving maladaptive cognitive, emotional and behavioural reactions to uncertainty. However, the intricate interplay among these components, particularly in adolescents, remains underexplored; yet understanding this interplay is crucial for supporting mental health. To address this gap, we employed a network approach to conceptualize IU in 5672 non‐clinical Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.13 years, SDage = 1.96 years, range = 10–19 years, 46.6% boys), combining graphical Gaussian models (GGM) and directed acyclic graphs (DAG). Our analyses revealed a tripartite network comprising cognitive, behavioural and emotional components. Notably, ‘frustration’ and ‘work with hindrance’ emerged as key drivers, while ‘catastrophizing belief’ served as a critical bridge linking different components. These findings underscore the importance of alleviating uncertainty‐induced frustration and enhancing coping skills for behavioural impediments to mitigate adolescent IU. Additionally, therapeutic interventions should prioritize modifying and re‐evaluating catastrophizing beliefs related to uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC link capacitors (DCLCs) are key devices in converters. The relative humidity affects the performance of the elements of a DCLC. Currently, there are relatively few studies on the effect of relative humidity on the electrical characteristics of the elements of DCLCs during the production process. This study describes the effects and the control of the relative humidity in the production process. For this purpose, a DCLC component withstand voltage test platform and a DCLC component aging test platform were established. The voltage withstand tests were conducted during different processes and at different relative humidities, and life aging tests were conducted at different relative humidities and different storage times. The results show that after the winding and metal-spraying processes, the voltage withstand levels of the components stored at 30% RH, 60% RH, and 80% RH were very close to that of the components at 3000 VDC; after the heat-setting process, the voltage withstand levels of the components stored at 30% RH, 60% RH, and 80% RH showed a decreasing tendency compared with the level of the components at 3000 VDC. Regarding the samples, after the heat-setting process, stored at 30% RH and 60% RH for 24 h, 96 h, 168 h, 240 h, and 336 h and 2000 h of the aging tests, the capacitance decreases monotonically as the storage time is increased but never exceeds 3%, and the capacitance change decreases as the relative humidity increases. This study can provide important guidance for the humidity control of various processes in the production of DCLCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities in the body, including central obesity, elevated blood pressure, high glucose, and triglyceride levels, as well as low HDL levels. The Mediterranean diet, known for its specific composition, is believed to mitigate metabolic syndrome. This study aims to assess the impact of adhering to the Mediterranean diet on individuals with metabolic syndrome. It employs an observational analytic approach, utilizing a prospective cohort of 30 participants who followed the Mediterranean diet regimen as part of their treatment at a clinic in Bandung City. Systematic Random Sampling was used to select participants, and blood pressure was measured at the beginning (T1) and end (T2) of the study. Data on dietary intake were collected using the Relative Mediterranean Diet (rMED) scale via a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, were conducted to compare dietary compositions across adherence groups and to assess the impact of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome components. The findings revealed that participants, with an average age of 57.94 years and 69.44% female, experienced significant improvements in certain metabolic syndrome components, such as waist circumference (fruit and nut intake), triglycerides (vegetable intake), HDL (meat intake), and blood glucose (dairy product intake). However, no significant effects were observed for legumes, seeds, fish, and olive oil components on MetS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have primarily focused on the links between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and bone health among the general population instead of PM2.5 components and the specific population. We aimed to investigate the associations between PM2.5 components and bone health among middle-aged and elderly women. Methods: A total of 748 middle-aged and elderly women were randomly sampled from 32 streets/villages in Hubei Province. The concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and its components were extracted across various residential areas from the Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Bone mineral density measurements were obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of study participants. Multivariable logistic and linear models were employed to assess the relationship between PM2.5 and its components and bone loss. Results: Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were associated with 1.65 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.13, 2.30] and 1.77 (95% CI: 1.26, 2.49) times higher odds of osteoporosis, respectively. Long-term exposure to sulfate (SO42−), NO3−, and NH4+ was negatively associated with T-scores and bone mineral density in L1-L4 lumbar vertebrae. In addition, the elderly, women who have experienced menarche after the age of 14, and postmenopausal women were more susceptible to the water-soluble inorganic salts of PM2.5. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive policies addressing air quality, with a specific focus on vulnerable populations such as middle-aged and elderly women. Public health interventions aimed at reducing ambient PM2.5 concentrations and minimizing exposure to its harmful components are crucial in mitigating the adverse impact on skeletal health and improving the overall well-being of communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, sesame hull oil (SHO) was extracted to characterise its composition. SHO was heated to determine the volatiles and their effect on the quality of cold‐pressed dehulled sesame oil (SO). Seventeen fatty acids, four lignans (1088.65 mg/100 g), tocopherols (284.17 mg/100 g) mainly in the γ‐form, and sterol (1722.16 mg/100 g, 4.67 times more than in sesame kernel oil) were detected in SHO. After heating, the volatiles found in SHO were mainly aldehydes and acids, represented by hexanal (fatty, green aroma) and 3‐methyl‐butanoic acid (fatty, rancid aroma), respectively. The acid value, peroxide value, anisidine value, and turbidity of SO increased significantly after adding SHO, and the scavenging ability of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was enhanced. The oxidation induction times of SO with the addition of SHO ranged from 8.93 to 9.53 h. The present study provides information about SHO and a new direction for the utilisation of sesame hulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work shows the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling to predict the distribution of chemical elements in the «wick-electrode» system when operating in an arc steel-melting furnace, allowing for the diffusion processes. The coefficients of diffusion for each component were determined on the basis of the developed two-dimensional finite element model of the process of component diffusion in this system, and taking into account the experimental data on the residual distribution of the component content in the cross-section of the wick electrode. These coefficients were used to conduct modeling of the diffusion process in order to assess the possible distribution of the component content in larger-diameter wick electrodes and to demonstrate the modeling results, taking into account different initial concentrations. 6 Ref., 2 Tabl., 8 Fig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development methods for pilotless aircraft (drones), which are currently of great interest, are analyzed. Spheres of human activity where such systems are used to solve infrastructure problems are noted. A development method is proposed; this method covers stages such as the development of an adjustable system composition, the development of a parameterized control structure, the creation of a digital twin, engineering analysis, generative design and topological optimization, the creation of a catalogued library of digital models for the primary and secondary equipment, and the development of design documentation. Approaches to the development of an adaptive subsystem for the pilotless system are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the overall energy efficiency of thermodynamic cycles relies heavily on the replacement of traditional pure fluids with zeotropic mixtures. The selection of the optimal components within the zeotropic mixture depends on the specific operating conditions of the thermodynamic cycle. Therefore, significant enhancements in performance can be achieved across varying operating conditions by effectively controlling the composition of zeotropic mixtures in the cycle. According to the gas-liquid equilibrium characteristics of the zeotropic mixtures, the adjustment of the medium components and the boundary conditions can be realized if the components can be adjusted through the gas-liquid separation. In this study, a novel device is proposed for automatically regulating the speed of gas-liquid separation in order to separate the components of the zeotropic mixtures. The CFD simulation was utilized to analyze the structural parameters and boundary conditions that impact the efficiency of gas-liquid separation. The results indicate that the adjustable mass flow range of the optimal structure is broadened by 5.5 times compared to conventional gas-liquid separation devices, ranging from 0 kg/s to 0.15 kg/s. Additionally, within this range, the gas-liquid separation efficiency exceeds 95%, representing a 10% improvement over traditional phase separators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The occurrence of floods as a result of illegal construction and the influx of people to areas at hazard cause the emergence and creation of catastrophic human and economic crises and as a major challenge in the direction of achieving sustainable development of local communities (including the city of Konarak) which makes it necessary to know the methods of achieving vulnerability reduction patterns, including improving resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identification and evaluation of indicators influencing the resilience of flood-stricken communities (Konarak city). This study is an applied research, which uses descriptive-analytical method to identify and measure dimensions and components resilience of Konarak city. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula of 371 households in four neighborhoods of Shomal nirogah gazi, Surak, Nazarabad and Jonoob shahr of Konarak city. To carry out the research, first by using library resources, indicators and factors affecting social, economic, institutional, physical, environmental, sanitary and mental health were identified, and then the field methods and questionnaire were used to collect the required information and data. In order to analyze the data, the coefficient of multiple correlations such as multiple regression analyses and path analysis were used. The results showed that the social dimension has the highest score with 48.70 and the mental health dimension has the lowest score with 39.12, and Konark city is in an unfavorable situation with a total score of 37.26. The highest level of resilience is related to the neighborhoods Shomal nirogah gazi and Surak with 40.95 and 37.81%, respectively, and the lowest level of resilience is for the neighborhoods Nazarabad and Jonoob shahr with 34.22 and 36.05%, respectively. Also, the results of path analysis of resilience show that in relation to the total score of direct and indirect effects, the social dimension with (0.99) had the most impact and the health dimension with (0.17) had the least impact on the resilience of the city of Konarak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ecological networks, cohesive groups of species may shape the evolution of interactions, serving as coevolutionary units. Ranging across network scales, from motifs to isolated components, elucidating which cohesive groups are more determinant for coevolution remains a challenge in ecology. We address this challenge by integrating 376 empirical mutualistic and antagonistic networks and coevolutionary models. We identified cohesive groups at four network scales containing a significant proportion of potential direct coevolutionary effects. Cohesive groups displayed hierarchical organisation, and potential coevolutionary effects overflowing lower‐scale groups were contained by higher‐scale groups, underscoring the hierarchy's impact. However, indirect coevolutionary effects blurred group boundaries and hierarchy, particularly under strong selection from ecological interactions. Thus, under strong selection, indirect effects render networks themselves, and not cohesive groups, as the likely coevolutionary units of ecological systems. We hypothesise hierarchical cohesive groups to also shape how other forms of direct and indirect effects propagate in ecological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The readymade garments (RMG) industry is a major driver of economic growth and poverty reduction in Bangladesh. It accounts for more than three-quarters of export earnings, contributes roughly 10 percent of GDP, and employs over 4 million people, the majority of whom are women, in approximately 5000 factories. The industry has faced several problems. High labour turnover is one of them, as it harms business performance and labour productivity. This study was carried out to determine various components of compensation and how they affected labourers' degree of job satisfaction. Simple random sampling has been used to collect primary sources of data. The sample size is comprised of 151 labourers from the various garment factories in Bangladesh. This study revealed that labourers are more satisfied with their benefits Packages. In light of the higher costs associated with the inflation index, the average yearly wage or payment should be raised for compensation compared to the previous years. Furthermore, the Wage Board should periodically review workers' basic pay and benefits to reflect changes in the country's economic landscape. Based on the study's findings, it is recommended that the pay structure and administration for RMG workers remain the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of continuing scientific and technological progress, electromagnetic waves have become increasingly pervasive across a variety of domains, particularly within the microwave frequency range. These waves have found extensive applications in wireless communications, high-frequency electronic circuits, and several related fields. As a result, absorptive materials have become indispensable for dual-use applications across both the military and civilian domains because of their exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption properties. This paper, beginning with the operating mechanisms of absorptive materials, aims to provide an overview of the strategies that have been used to enhance the absorption performance of iron-based magnetic absorbers (IBMAs) and discuss the current research status of absorptive material components. The fabrication of a ferromagnetic absorber in terms of morphology, heterointerface coupling, and macrostructural enhancements and the effect of powder characteristics on their electromagnetic properties are discussed. Additionally, the application of IBMAs in elastomers is summarized. Finally, this paper summarizes the limitations of existing ferromagnetic absorber materials and offers a perspective on their potential future developments. The objective of the ongoing research is to fabricate absorptive components that have thin profiles, lightweight construction, wide absorption frequency ranges, and strong absorption capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the components of the fuel composition of dispersion nuclear fuel is a non-fissile material (matrix), which ensures its high radiation resistance. Despite the fact that dispersion nuclear fuel is used in reactors of various purposes (research, power, nuclear power plants, etc.), the operating conditions of which vary significantly, there are a number of requirements that must be taken into account when choosing the matrix material. Metals (aluminum and zirconium, as well as their alloys) have found wide application as matrix material in the production of dispersion-type fuel elements for research reactors and reactors of naval nuclear power plants (NPPs). Stainless steel matrix is used in dispersion nuclear fuel in power reactor plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biofilm is an assemblage of microorganisms embedded within the extracellular matrix that provides mechanical stability, nutrient absorption, antimicrobial resistance, cell-cell interactions, and defence against host immune system. Various biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, protein polymers (amyloid), and eDNA are present in the matrix playing significant role in determining the distinctive properties of biofilm. The formation of biofilms contributes to resistance against antimicrobial therapy in most of the human infections and exacerbates existing diseases. Therefore, this field requires several state-of-the-art techniques to fully understand the 3-D organization of biofilms, their cell behaviour and responses to pharmaceutical treatments. Here, we explore the assembly and regulation of biofilm biogenesis in the context of matrix components and highlight the significance of high-resolution imaging and analysing techniques for monitoring complex biofilm architecture. Our review also emphasizes the novelty and advancements in techniques to visualise biofilm structure and composition, providing valuable insights to understand biofilm-related infections.

Honey is a natural substance produced by honeybees and is widely consumed as food worldwide. Honey has anti-inflammatory effects, which are related to its antibacterial and antioxidant functions. The anti-inflammatory properties of honey can be explored from two aspects: Basic research studies that reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological functions of honey and identify its effective components, and clinical research studies that evaluate the healing effects of honey in inflammatory diseases. Basic research studies are indicated that honey has anti-inflammatory properties and further elucidated the relevant molecular mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory functions of honey are highly related to its components, specifically flavonoids, phenolic acids, glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and methylglyoxal. These effective constituents exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by regulating immune cell function, affecting inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and acting as antioxidants. Honey can attenuate gastrointestinal inflammation, aid the recovery of intestinal microbiota, relieve symptoms of chronic sinusitis, and prevent radiation-induced oral mucositis. Based on honey-related basic and clinical research studies conducted over the past five years, this article reviews the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of honey, the functions of its effective constituents, and the applications of honey in inflammatory diseases.

High metal concentrations in the body’s biological substrates often result from a persistent, cumulative impact of adverse environmental conditions. This article considers the quantitative composition of human biological substrates as an indicator of the state of urban ecosystem components. Assessing the accumulation of metals in the body by directly measuring their concentrations in biological substrates is a multi-step analytical procedure. Here, a quick-and-easy method for determining metal concentrations in biological substrates based on a neural network algorithm was introduced. A complex neural network model was developed to enable the determination of metal inputs from the air and food-water system without the need for invasive sampling of biomaterials or too difficult processing and analysis of the samples obtained. The model also proved to be feasible in solving the inverse problems associated with the determination of metal thresholds in various components of urban ecosystems.

The objective was to assess the levels of formation and leading components of the patient safety system of the anesthesiology and resuscitation (A&R) service (department) of multidisciplinary hospitals.Materials and methods. Expert assessment of the patient safety system of the anesthesiology and resuscitation service (department) of 235 multidisciplinary hospitals, including the assessment of its level, leading components, and their structure in the overall sample. Expert assessment method. Statistical analysis of data distribution, Student’s t-test for independent samples of different sizes, correlation analysis.Results. It has been established that in the main part (38.3%) of multidisciplinary hospitals, the A&R service is at an average (sufficient) level of ensuring patient safety. 17% are at a high (organized) and highest (system-organized) level in terms of ensuring patient safety. A fairly large part (44.7%) is at a low (insufficient) and minimal (critical, extremely low) level of ensuring patient safety. At the same time, the level of ensuring patient safety in the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals is important and has a close but inverse relationship with the level of digitalization. Comparison of the severity of the five leading (main) components (criteria) for ensuring patient safety in the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals made it possible to assess the levels of their completeness and their structure and showed that in the general sample, the most pronounced criteria for ensuring patient safety were «Teamwork, staff expertise» and «Availability of medicines».Conclusion. The current state of the patient safety system of the A&R service of multidisciplinary hospitals is characterized by 5 levels and 5 leading (main) components, the expert assessment of which made it possible to distribute the A&R services of hospitals according to the indicated levels, identify the structure of their leading components an determine target areas for improving the patient safety system.

The paper shows the effectiveness of agricultural machinery parts restoration by reducing metal and fuel consumption as well as labor costs. (Research purpose) The paper analyzes the evolution of the machine part restoration system during the agricultural industrialization process in Russia, and explores the role of industrial science in developing methodologies for machine repairing and part restoration. (Materials and methods) Publications on the history of the parts restoration industry were thoroughly reviewed. Special attention was given to the decrees issued by Soviet government bodies, including the targeted comprehensive program of the State Committee of Science and Technology, the USSR State Planning Committee, and the State Committee for Agricultural Technology. These programs were aimed at establishing and expanding the production base for the repair and restoration of agricultural machinery parts. (Results and discussion) In the early stages of agricultural industrialization, equipment repairs primarily involved the use of new spare parts, while worn parts were typically discarded for remelting. A significant advancement in parts restoration was the introduction of repair sizes for crankshafts and cylinder liners. Since 1975, the cost of maintaining equipment has surged sharply due to the prices of new spare parts. The paper also presents an analysis of the efforts by the All-Union Scientific and Production Association «Remdetal» to develop flow-mechanized lines and equipment for restoring agricultural machinery parts. (Conclusions) The paper illustrates the significant growth in parts restoration volumes, rising from 68 million rubles in 1965 to 539 million rubles in 1988, as well as metal savings that increased from 136 thousand tons to 1,110 thousand tons over the same period. Additionally it highlights the role of the USSR Academy of Sciences, leading scientific institutes, and machine-building enterprises in executing the targeted program to increase the restoration volumes of agricultural machinery parts and components.

An analysis of the results of known studies of mixing components in mixing machines and the level of significant influence of their design parameters on indicators of structure formation of the mixture is given. It is noted that the study of mixing components in the bakery industry of Ukraine on high-speed and continuous machines is the only one of the completed technological operations, and the pace of its development towards improving the structural and technological parameters of the machine and the process to improve the quality of the structure formation of the mixture remains relevant. The work is based on a step-by-step consideration of the mixing theory of the first stage of the formation of a mixture of components. An analysis of the interaction of the components with the established effect of the mixer design was carried out, which made it possible to further reveal the ways of calculating the design parameters of their dosing and mixing means, depending on the nature of the phase in each case. It is noted that the influence of the surface layer of the phase on its total costs is determined by the specific energy. It was established that the excess of free energy on the surface of the phase distribution is the main reason for the instability of the liquid consistency of the components (in the form of an emulsion), since according to the principle of thermodynamics, the minimum value of the surface energy corresponds to the most stable state of the system. Such a dependence in the instability of the liquid consistency allows us to consider possible ways of optimizing the mixing technology and contributes to a significant improvement in the characteristics of the mixer, which will have a positive effect on the operational characteristics of the machine. The value of the flow rate was determined when each starch grain is involved with the entire surface in contact with the liquid phase, for flour, the phase contact S = 178·103 m2/m3 can be considered ideal.

The body composition of cultured live large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) is extremely difficult to detect. In order to solve this problem, we analyzed the relationship between the impedance measured at 2, 5, 20, 50, 100 kHz for the dorsal and ventral muscles of live large yellow croaker and their key components (protein, fat and moisture). The optimal models (r = 0.830–0.922, P < 0.001) for non-destructive evaluation of the muscle protein and water contents as well as the fat content in live fish was established using the impedance at 2 and 100 kHz frequencies, and their accuracy was verified by experiments (r ≥ 0.900). The correlation among muscle composition, microstructure and impedance indicated that the average area of muscle fiber increased with increasing protein content and decreasing moisture content and was positively correlated with the impedance at 2 kHz; in contrast, the density of muscle fiber and the area of extracellular space decreased with increasing protein content and decreasing moisture content and was negatively correlated with the impedance at 2 kH. The diameter and volume of adipocytes increased with the deposition of fat, and had a significant relationship with the impedance at 100 kHz. This study can rapidly evaluate the composition of fat, protein, water and so on of cultured live large yellow croaker by using biological impedance, and clarify the internal reasons for predicting the composition of live fish by impedance. The findings of this study can help aquaculture enterprises with targeted breeding and and help consumers to choose the optimal products.

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)