Search

Cloud computing has been a dominant computing paradigm for many years. It provides applications with computing, storage, and networking capabilities. Furthermore, it enhances the scalability and quality of service (QoS) of applications and offers the better utilization of resources. Recently, these advantages of cloud computing have deteriorated in quality. Cloud services have been affected in terms of latency and QoS due to the high streams of data produced by many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart machines, and other computing devices joining the network, which in turn affects network capabilities. Content delivery networks (CDNs) previously provided a partial solution for content retrieval, availability, and resource download time. CDNs rely on the geographic distribution of cloud servers to provide better content reachability. CDNs are perceived as a network layer near cloud data centers. Recently, CDNs began to perceive the same degradations of QoS due to the same factors. Fog computing fills the gap between cloud services and consumers by bringing cloud capabilities close to end devices. Fog computing is perceived as another network layer near end devices. The adoption of the CDN model in fog computing is a promising approach to providing better QoS and latency for cloud services. Therefore, a fog-based CDN framework capable of reducing the load time of web services was proposed in this paper. To evaluate our proposed framework and provide a complete set of tools for its use, a fog-based browser was developed. We showed that our proposed fog-based CDN framework improved the load time of web pages compared to the results attained through the use of the traditional CDN. Different experiments were conducted with a simple network topology against six websites with different content sizes along with a different number of fog nodes at different network distances. The results of these experiments show that with a fog-based CDN framework offloading autonomy, latency can be reduced by 85% and enhance the user experience of websites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are both new evolving network architectures that are receiving a lot of attention from researchers. ICN is a Future Internet architecture which tries to transform the current Internet architecture from location- and host-centric to content-centric, where obtaining requested data is achieved by the contents' names regardless of the location of the data. From another angle, SDN is considered a new Internet architecture that moves the control plane management from network devices to a centralized controller. The SDN controller enhances network robustness and improves its scalability, reliability, and flexibility. The integration of ICN and SDN results in massive benefits, where SDN enhances ICN networks' manageability, controllability, and functionality, and ICN reshapes the SDN design to make it compatible with ICN features and to enhance ICN in terms of network caching, routing, mobility, and security.. In this review paper, a comprehensive survey of the issues and challenges of integrating ICN and SDN is presented. Firstly, ICN's main characteristics are summarized, and a short comparison between different ICN architectures is completed. Then, the key details of SDN are highlighted. Moreover, the motivation and benefits of merging ICN with SDN are summarized and the state-of-the-art work on merging ICN and SDN is reviewed and classified from several aspects. Finally, several open research issues are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, novel networking architectures have emerged to cope with the fast-evolving and new Internet utilisation patterns. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a prominent example of this architecture. By perceiving content as the core element of the networking functionalities, ICN opens up a whole new avenue of information exchange optimisation possibilities. This paper presents an approach that progresses the base operation of ICN and leverages content identification right at the network layer, allowing to selectively retrieve partial pieces of information from content already present in ICN in-network caches. Additionally, this proposal enables information producers to seamlessly offload some content processing tasks into the network. The concept is discussed and demonstrated through a proof-of-concept prototype targeting an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, where consumers retrieve specific pieces of the whole information generated by sensors. The obtained results showcase reduced traffic and storage consumption at the core of the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, large-scale failures in elastic optical inter-data center networks (EO-DCNs) are critical issues for network survivability. Once the original connection or the primary DC fails, an alternative data center (DC) can serve the cloud services with replicated content. In this paper, we study disaster-resilient cloud services provisioning with distance-adaptive modulation formats, considering content placement, routing with modulation format adaption, protection of path and content, and spectrum allocation simultaneously. Both dedicated end-to-content backup path protection (DEBPP) and shared end-to-content backup path protection (SEBPP) are studied. First, integer linear program (ILP) models are formulated with the objective of minimum spectrum usage. For the sake of scalability, a column generation (CG) approach is developed to decompose the ILP model into a master problem and a pricing problem. The CG approach is shown to achieve comparable results to ILP models. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the spectrum usage of DEBPP and SEBPP with different traffic parameters and different network topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) has recently emerged as a prominent candidate for the Future Internet Architecture (FIA) that addresses existing issues with the host-centric communication model of the current TCP/IP-based Internet. Named Data Networking (NDN) is one of the most recent and active ICN architectures that provides a clean-slate approach for Internet communication. NDN provides intrinsic content security where security is directly provided to the content instead of communication channel. Among other security aspects, Access Control (AC) rules specify the privileges for the entities that can access the content. In TCP/IP-based AC systems, due to the client-server communication model, the servers control which client can access a particular content. In contrast, ICN-based networks use content names to drive communication and decouple the content fromits original location. This phenomenon leads to the loss of control over the content, causing different challenges for the realization of efficient AC mechanisms. To date, considerable efforts have been made to develop various AC mechanisms in NDN. In this article, we provide a detailed and comprehensive survey of the AC mechanisms in NDN. We follow a holistic approach towards AC in NDN where we first summarize the ICN paradigm, describe the changes from channel-based security to content-based security, and highlight different cryptographic algorithms and security protocols in NDN. We then classify the existing AC mechanisms into two main categories: Encryption-based AC and Encryption-independent AC. Each category has different classes based on the working principle of AC (e.g., Attribute-based AC, Namebased AC, Identity-based AC). Finally, we present the lessons learned from the existing AC mechanisms and identify the challenges of NDN-based AC at large, highlighting future research directions for the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud computing has been a dominant computing paradigm for many years. It provides applications with computing, storage, and networking capabilities. Furthermore, it enhances the scalability and quality of service (QoS) of applications and offers the better utilization of resources. Recently, these advantages of cloud computing have deteriorated in quality. Cloud services have been affected in terms of latency and QoS due to the high streams of data produced by many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart machines, and other computing devices joining the network, which in turn affects network capabilities. Content delivery networks (CDNs) previously provided a partial solution for content retrieval, availability, and resource download time. CDNs rely on the geographic distribution of cloud servers to provide better content reachability. CDNs are perceived as a network layer near cloud data centers. Recently, CDNs began to perceive the same degradations of QoS due to the same factors. Fog computing fills the gap between cloud services and consumers by bringing cloud capabilities close to end devices. Fog computing is perceived as another network layer near end devices. The adoption of the CDN model in fog computing is a promising approach to providing better QoS and latency for cloud services. Therefore, a fog-based CDN framework capable of reducing the load time of web services was proposed in this paper. To evaluate our proposed framework and provide a complete set of tools for its use, a fog-based browser was developed. We showed that our proposed fog-based CDN framework improved the load time of web pages compared to the results attained through the use of the traditional CDN. Different experiments were conducted with a simple network topology against six websites with different content sizes along with a different number of fog nodes at different network distances. The results of these experiments show that with a fog-based CDN framework offloading autonomy, latency can be reduced by 85% and enhance the user experience of websites.