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Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted much attention in bone tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and processability, but it still faces problems such as a slow degradation rate, acidic degradation product, weak biomineralization ability, and poor cell response, which limits its wider application in developing bone scaffolds. In this study, Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were employed as a versatile nanofiller for developing PLA/Mg(OH)2 composite bone scaffolds using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology, and its mechanical, degradation, and biological properties were evaluated. The mechanical tests revealed that a 5 wt% addition of Mg(OH)2 improved the tensile and compressive strengths of the PLA scaffold by 20.50% and 63.97%, respectively. The soaking experiment in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) revealed that the alkaline degradation products of Mg(OH)2 neutralized the acidic degradation products of PLA, thus accelerating the degradation of PLA. The weight loss rate of the PLA/20Mg(OH)2 scaffold (15.40%) was significantly higher than that of PLA (0.15%) on day 28. Meanwhile, the composite scaffolds showed long-term Mg2+ release for more than 28 days. The simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion experiment indicated that Mg(OH)2 promoted the deposition of apatite and improved the biomineralization of PLA scaffolds. The cell culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) indicated that adding 5 wt% Mg(OH)2 effectively improved cell responses, including adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, due to the release of Mg2+. This study suggests that Mg(OH)2 can simultaneously address various issues related to polymer scaffolds, including degradation, mechanical properties, and cell interaction, having promising applications in tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroalgae with nontoxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility has attracted more attentions as a sustainable alternative towards petroleum-derived plastics. However, brittleness and high affinity towards water has limited marine-based macroalgae films to be widely used. Thus, this paper aims to compare the roles of calcium chloride as ionic cross-linker and acrylic resin as covalent cross-linker in agar-PEG plasticised biofilm composite. Agar biofilm composite with PEG 1000 40% were cross-linked with i) calcium chloride 1, 2, 3 and 4 (CaCl2/agar) wt/wt % at 2 or 4 min immersion time, and ii) acrylic resin at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 (acrylic resin/agar) wt/wt %. FTIR and TGA proved that CaCl2 and acrylic resin managed to cross-link agar-PEG films ionically and covalently respectively. In general, films cross-linked with CaCl2 produced highest affinity towards water than films cross-linked with acrylic resin. Highest tensile strength, highest tensile modulus and lowest elongation at break was achieved when films cross-linked with CaCl2. Films cross-linked with CaCl2 has higher degradation rate than films cross-linked with acrylic resin. In conclusion, different mode of cross-linking (ionic or covalent) imparted different properties on the agar-PEG film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Reducing the degradation of anthocyanins in blueberry during drying. Methods: The far infrared drying was applied to the drying of blueberries, and compared with traditional hot air drying to explore the degradation characteristics of major anthocyanins and the changes of PPO enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity of blueberries under different drying methods. Results: High retention of two major anthocyanins （D3G and C3G） in blueberries under far-infrared drying, and the second-order mathematical model could better simulate their degradation process. Compared with hot-air drying, the rate constants （k） and entropy values （ΔS） of far-infrared dried blueberry anthocyanins were smaller, and the half-life values （t1/2）, activation energy values （Ea） and enthalpy values （ΔH） were larger. The two drying methods produced similar effects on PPO enzyme activity, but the enzyme activity of the far-infrared drying group was generally lower than that of the hot-air drying group after 4 h. In addition, the highest anthocyanin retention and free radical scavenging ability of dried blueberry fruits were observed under far-infrared 60 ℃ drying conditions. Conclusion: Under the same drying temperature, far-infrared drying can reduce the degradation of anthocyanins and improve the drying quality of blueberries compared with traditional hot air drying.

Biodegradable mulch films are recognized as a promising substitute of polyethylene (PE) films to alleviate the “white pollution”. Biodegradable mulch films with optimum degradation rates increase crop yield even compared to PE films. However, the mechanisms underlying this yield-increasing effect remains elusive. In this study, three biodegradable film treatments (BFM1, BFM2 and BFM3) and one PE film treatment (PFM) were used to evaluate their effects on soil and winter potatoes, and a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was constructed to investigate their relationships. The degradation rates of films under different treatments were ranked as BFM3 > BFM2 >BFM1 > PFM, and presented distinctive effects on soil properties and nutrients, structure of soil bacterial community, and yield traits of winter potatoes. The PLS-PM showed that mulch treatments affected potato yield through effects on soil properties (soil water and temperature) and soil nutrients (TOC, DOC, TN and NO3--N). The disintegration of the biodegradable films decreased soil water content and temperature, and reduced the loss of soil nutrients in the topsoil at the later growth stage of winter potatoes compared to PE films. Additionally, the elevated content of soil TN and NO3--N under treatment BFM1 may play a key role in its yield-increasing effect on potatoes compared to treatments PFM and BFM2. Thus, biodegradable mulch films with proper degradation rates regulate soil TN and NO3--N through their effects on soil water and temperature, and subsequently improve the yield of winter potatoes compared to PE mulch films.

In this study, different polycaprolactone (PCL) soft blocks were incorporated into poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) structure to prepare a series of PGS‐based elastomers with a wide range of chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and modulated degradation behavior. The PGS and PGS‐co‐PCL elastomers were prepared under a thermal curing process in the absence of any catalysts. Here, in addition to the effect of different lengths of PCL block, the effect of thermal curing time on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of the elastomers was investigated. The synthesized PGS‐co‐PCL elastomers exhibited tunable mechanical properties in the range of soft tissues. Moreover, the in vitro degradation study revealed linear degradation kinetics with approximately twofold decrease in the elastomers degradation rate. In vitro study showed that proliferation of human olfactory ecto‐mesenchymal stem cells (OE‐MSCs) was supported on PGS‐co‐PCL elastomer. In addition, in vivo evaluation of PGS‐co‐PCL elastomer confirmed mild tissue response with high angiogenesis, indicating a good candidate in various biomedical applications and soft tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve and alleviate environmental pollution caused by the disposal of seedling pots, a rice straw fiber-based headed vegetable seedling pot material, which is suitable for mechanical transplantation and biodegradable, was studied. Used rice straw as the main raw material, a five-factor and five-level (1/2 full implementation) quadratic regression orthogonal rotation central of rotation combination test method. The experimental factors included the beating degree of rice straw fiber, quantity, the proportion of rice fiber, neutral sizing agents, and wet strength agent mass fraction. The performance evaluation index included dry and wet tensile strength, burst strength, tear strength, air permeance, and degradation period. The results showed that when the parameter combination of the beating degree of rice straw fiber was 50 ± 1°SR, the quantity was 87.5 ± 4 g/m2, the proportion of fiber in rice was 70%, the neutral sizing agents mass fraction was 1 ± 0.25%, and the wet strength agent mass fraction was 1.5 ± 0.1%. The dry tensile strength was ≥ 1.8 kN·m−1, the wet tensile strength was ≥ 0.7 kN·m−1, the burst strength was ≥ 140 kPa, the tear strength was ≥ 350 m·N, the air permeance was ≤ 1.33 μm/Pa·s, and the degradation period was ≤ 80 d. The dry tensile strength reduction rate was 0.0274 kN/(m·d) and the wet tensile strength reduction rate was 0.0113 kN/(m·d), during the nursery period [30, 40], while the dry tensile strength was ≥ 1 kN·m−1 and the wet tensile strength was ≥ 0.4 kN·m−1 during the transplanting period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hot deformation behavior, the corresponding microstructure evolution, and degradation properties of a weak-textured Mg-Er-Ni alloy containing a high-volume fraction of Ni-LPSO phases, have been investigated. Hot deformation behavior has been carried out in the temperatures range of 370 ∼ 460 °C and strain rates range of 0.001 ∼ 1 s−1. Flow stress-strain curves of high strain rate cases show a continuous increase trend without a steady or a peak stage, while that of low strain rate cases show an obvious dynamic softening after peak stress. Based on flow stress-strain curves, materials constants calculated by an Arrhenius-type constitutive equation, show a high n and Q compared to those of high-volume fraction α-Mg matrix Mg alloys. Optimal processing windows, based on the dynamic material model, is determined as high temperature domains. As for microstructure evolution, a complete recrystallization and dispersive Ni-LPSO fragments for high temperature & low strain rates while a restricted recrystallization and a streamline distribution LPSO phase for high temperature & high strain rates are observed. Varying degrees of continuous dynamic recrystallization, particle induced nucleation mechanism, as well as coordinated deformation of LPSO through kinking and bending account for the strain-rate-dependence hot deformation mechanism. As a result, dispersive Ni-LPSO fragments at low strain rates provide more degradation channels for the α-Mg matrix and thus possess better a degradation rate than the streamlined LPSO at high strain rates. • High strain rate cases show a continuous increase trend while low strain rate cases show an obvious dynamic softening. • A restricted DRX and a streamline distribution Ni-LPSO phases for high temperature & high strain rates are observed. • A complete DRX and dispersive Ni-LPSO fragments for high temperature & low strain rates are observed. • Dispersive LPSO fragments provide more degradation channels for the α-Mg and thus a faster degradation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the oxidative degradation of citral and improve its antimildew performance, citral was modified with natural antioxidants such as tea polyphenols, ascorbic acid, and theaflavin in the present study. Additionally, the effects of these natural antioxidants on the citral degradation rate and DPPH radical-scavenging rate, as well as the effectiveness of antioxidant-modified citral in the antimildew treatment of bamboo were investigated. Ascorbic acid, theaflavin, and tea polyphenols improved the antioxidant performance of citral to some extent, and the tea polyphenols exhibited the best antioxidant performance. When the amount of tea polyphenols added to citral reached 1.0%, the oxidative degradation of citral was effectively prevented. Compared with citral, tea-polyphenol-modified citral could reduce the efficacy of the bamboo antimildew treatment against all four mildews and the effectiveness of the antimildew treatment reached 100%. Citral modification with antioxidants reduced the amount of citral required in the treatment, thereby reducing the treatment cost for bamboo mildew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites are one of the current research hotspots. Rice residues (RR) and glass fiber (GF) are commonly used as raw materials for strengthening PLA composites. In this paper, the mechanical properties, thermal properties and degradation properties of RR/PLA and GF/PLA composites were reviewed. The results showed that the defect in fiber (RR, GF) reinforced PLA is significantly improved by modification and the mechanical properties are improved by about 40%. The main reason is the unification of the surface polarity of fibers and PLA, as well as the role of connection established by the functional groups. Meanwhile, the surface modification of RR/PLA and GF/PLA composites can also improve their thermal and degradation properties. RR/PLA composites has worse heat resistance than pure PLA, whereas GF/PLA composites has better thermal stability than pure PLA. The crystallinity of RR/PLA composites was generally higher than that of pure PLA, indicating that natural fibers played the role of nucleating agent and promoted the nucleation of PLA. The pyrolysis loss of natural fiber reinforced PLA composites begins at 100 °C and can be divided into three stages: evaporation of water within the fiber, degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, and degradation of non-fiber components. At about 300 °C, the degradation rate is the highest, and the weight loss ratio is above 90% at the end of the pyrolysis process. In terms of degradation performance, RR/PLA composites has excellent biodegradability, and its biodegradability increases with the increasement of RR content. Degradation of GF/PLA composites is only degradation of PLA, so the decline of mechanical properties of GF/PLA composites is weakened. It can be predicted that with the advent of the era of carbon neutrality, the green degradable PLA composite technology will be developed deeply and quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomass Chemical Engineering is the property of Editorial Office of Biomass Chemical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Taking thermoplastic dialdehyde starch as the matrix, pineapple leaf fiber as the reinforcing material, the pineapple leaf fiber/thermoplastic starch composite was prepared by hot pressing. The effects of the fillings of pineapple leaf fiber on the mechanical, physicochemical and degradation properties of the composite were studied. The results show that when the fillings of pineapple leaf fiber is 15%, the tensile properties of the composite is the best, and the tensile strength and elongation at break are 7.4 MPa and 1.25%. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were 13.18 MPa and 2 245.54 MPa respectively when the fillings of pineapple leaf fiber was 20%.With the increase of fiber filling, the density of composite gradually decreases, moisture content and degradation rate of the composite gradually increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve and alleviate environmental pollution caused by the disposal of seedling pots, a rice straw fiber-based headed vegetable seedling pot material, which is suitable for mechanical transplantation and biodegradable, was studied. Used rice straw as the main raw material, a five-factor and five-level (1/2 full implementation) quadratic regression orthogonal rotation central of rotation combination test method. The experimental factors included the beating degree of rice straw fiber, quantity, the proportion of rice fiber, neutral sizing agents, and wet strength agent mass fraction. The performance evaluation index included dry and wet tensile strength, burst strength, tear strength, air permeance, and degradation period. The results showed that when the parameter combination of the beating degree of rice straw fiber was 50 ± 1°SR, the quantity was 87.5 ± 4 g/m2, the proportion of fiber in rice was 70%, the neutral sizing agents mass fraction was 1 ± 0.25%, and the wet strength agent mass fraction was 1.5 ± 0.1%. The dry tensile strength was ≥ 1.8 kN·m−1, the wet tensile strength was ≥ 0.7 kN·m−1, the burst strength was ≥ 140 kPa, the tear strength was ≥ 350 m·N, the air permeance was ≤ 1.33 μm/Pa·s, and the degradation period was ≤ 80 d. The dry tensile strength reduction rate was 0.0274 kN/(m·d) and the wet tensile strength reduction rate was 0.0113 kN/(m·d), during the nursery period [30, 40], while the dry tensile strength was ≥ 1 kN·m−1 and the wet tensile strength was ≥ 0.4 kN·m−1 during the transplanting period.

Iron (Fe) has attracted great attention as bone repair material owing to its favorable biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, it degrades too slowly since the corrosion product layer prohibits the contact between the Fe matrix and body fluid. In this work, zinc sulfide (ZnS) was introduced into Fe bone implant manufactured using laser additive manufacturing technique. The incorporated ZnS underwent a disproportionation reaction and formed S-containing species, which was able to change the film properties including the semiconductivity, doping concentration, and film dissolution. As a result, it promoted the collapse of the passive film and accelerated the degradation rate of Fe matrix. Immersion tests proved that the Fe matrix experienced severe pitting corrosion with heavy corrosion product. Besides, the in vitro cell testing showed that Fe/ZnS possessed acceptable cell viabilities. This work indicated that Fe/ZnS biocomposite acted as a promising candidate for bone repair material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable zinc (Zn) based materials have been regarded as promising candidates for orthopedic applications owing to their suitable biodegradability. However, pure Zn exhibited poor mechanical performance and inadequate biofunctionality, which restricted its biomedical applications. Herein, biodegradable Zn-Mg-Cu alloys were developed to enhance the mechanical strength of the Zn matrix and endow the alloys with antibacterial activity. The effect of Cu addition on corrosion behavior, biocompatibility and antibacterial activity of biodegradable Zn-3Mg-xCu alloys was systematically investigated. In vitro immersion test revealed that Zn-3Mg-1Cu exhibited an increasing corrosion rate of 0.0504 mm y ^−1 . The relative cell availability of MC3T3-E1 cells was over 70% after co-culture with 2-fold diluted extracts of the Zn-3Mg-xCu alloy for 3 d, indicating acceptable cytotoxicity. The Cu addition could enhance the antibacterial activity of the Zn-3Mg matrix, and Zn-3Mg-1Cu alloy exhibited the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) values of 10.4 mm and 6.0 mm against S. aureus and E. coli , respectively. Overall, the Zn-3Mg-1Cu could be recognized as a promising biodegradable orthopedic material owing to favorable degradation behavior, satisfying biocompatibility, and substantial antibacterial ability.

A too slow degradation of iron (Fe) limits its orthopedic application. In this study, calcium chloride (CaCl2) was incorporated into a Fe-based biocomposite fabricated by laser additive manufacturing, with an aim to accelerate the degradation. It was found that CaCl2 with strong water absorptivity improved the hydrophilicity of the Fe matrix and thereby promoted the invasion of corrosive solution. On the other hand, CaCl2 could rapidly dissolve once contacting the solution and release massive chloride ion. Interestingly, the local high concentration of chloride ion effectively destroyed the corrosion product layer due to its strong erosion ability. As a result, the corrosion product layer covered on the Fe/CaCl2 matrix exhibited an extremely porous structure, thus exhibiting a significantly reduced corrosion resistance. Besides, in vivo cell testing proved that the Fe/CaCl2 biocomposite also showed favorable cytocompatibility.

Iron (Fe) has attracted great attention as bone repair material owing to its favorable biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, it degrades too slowly since the corrosion product layer prohibits the contact between the Fe matrix and body fluid. In this work, zinc sulfide (ZnS) was introduced into Fe bone implant manufactured using laser additive manufacturing technique. The incorporated ZnS underwent a disproportionation reaction and formed S-containing species, which was able to change the film properties including the semiconductivity, doping concentration, and film dissolution. As a result, it promoted the collapse of the passive film and accelerated the degradation rate of Fe matrix. Immersion tests proved that the Fe matrix experienced severe pitting corrosion with heavy corrosion product. Besides, the in vitro cell testing showed that Fe/ZnS possessed acceptable cell viabilities. This work indicated that Fe/ZnS biocomposite acted as a promising candidate for bone repair material.

Biodegradable mulch films are recognized as a promising substitute of polyethylene (PE) films to alleviate the "white pollution". Biodegradable mulch films with optimum degradation rates increase crop yield even compared to PE films. However, the mechanisms underlying this yield-increasing effect remains elusive. In this study, three biodegradable film treatments (BFM1, BFM2 and BFM3) and one PE film treatment (PFM) were used to evaluate their effects on soil and winter potatoes, and a partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was constructed to investigate their relationships. The degradation rates of films under different treatments were ranked as BFM3 > BFM2 >BFM1 > PFM, and presented distinctive effects on soil properties and nutrients, structure of soil bacterial community, and yield traits of winter potatoes. The PLS-PM showed that mulch treatments affected potato yield through effects on soil properties (soil water and temperature) and soil nutrients (TOC, DOC, TN and NO 3 --N). The disintegration of the biodegradable films decreased soil water content and temperature, and reduced the loss of soil nutrients in the topsoil at the later growth stage of winter potatoes compared to PE films. Additionally, the elevated content of soil TN and NO 3 --N under treatment BFM1 may play a key role in its yield-increasing effect on potatoes compared to treatments PFM and BFM2. Thus, biodegradable mulch films with proper degradation rates regulate soil TN and NO 3 --N through their effects on soil water and temperature, and subsequently improve the yield of winter potatoes compared to PE mulch films. • Biodegradable mulch films with an optimum degradation rate increased the yield of winter potatoes compared to PE films. • Different mulch treatments significantly affected soil water and temperature. • Different mulch treatments altered the structure of soil bacterial community. • The yield-increasing effects of biodegradable mulch films were associated with soil TN and NO 3 --N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in-situ stress field in deeply incised valleys is an important factor to be considered in major construction projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The resulting in-situ stress has a complex distribution and large magnitude due to rapid river erosion. Considering that the few actual measured in-situ stress values are insufficient to meet the needs of understanding the regional in-situ stress field and its evolution, this research proposes a method, the Svisc model, to study the distribution and evolution characteristics of the in-situ stress field and applies it to a case study of the Jinping-I Hydropower Station. The results show that the Svisc model, which considers the rheological and degradation properties of the rock mass, applies strength parameters that change from peak to residual values rather than remaining constant with rock mass degradation during the downcutting process of valleys. The stress adjustment depth obtained is deeper, and the current in-situ stress field values are higher overall according to the Svisc model. This model is more effective than conventional methods to simulate the long-term evolution of valleys. • The Svisc model is proposed to study the distribution and evolution characteristics of in-situ stress field. • The rheological and degradation properties of rock mass are fully considered in valley evolution. • The adjustment depth and value of stress obtained by the Svisc model are deeper and higher overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, degradable Zn alloys have received wide attention as new biomedical materials. This paper mainly studied the microstructure, mechanical properties and in vitro degradation properties of Zn- x Fe (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 wt%) alloys which prepared by stirring casting method. The results showed that the FeZn 13 phase was produced in Zn Fe alloys. The FeZn 13 phase distributed in the matrix and played the role of grain refinement and second phase strengthening, which improved the hardness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Zn Fe alloys. Compared with pure Zn, the hardness and UTS of the Zn-1.5Fe alloy increased by 156.9% and 86.6% respectively, indicating that the mechanical properties of Zn Fe alloys were improved significantly. With the increase of Fe content, the self-corrosion potential of Zn Fe alloys decreased and the self-corrosion current increased, which means that the degradation rate was accelerated. The immersion test showed that the degradation rate of Zn 2Fe was increased by 62.0% compared with that of pure Zn. Moreover, the degradation rate was higher at the initial stage of the immersion test than that of the later stage. • Zn-Fe alloys were prepared by an environmentally friendly method. • The hardness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Zn-Fe alloys have been improved. • The degradation rate of Zn-Fe alloys was accelerated to meet biomaterial degradation standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Fe 81 B 10 C 9 amorphous alloy has higher degradation activity, longer service life and self-cleaning performance than the Fe 81 B 10 P 9 amorphous alloy. • The Fe 81 B 10 C 9 amorphous alloy exhibits the inhomogenous corrosion pits while the Fe 81 B 10 P 9 amorphous alloy shows homogeneous corrosion. • The star-shaped C-rich corrosion pits in Fe 81 B 10 C 9 amorphous alloy can contribute to the self-peeling of the degradation products. The degradation behaviors of Fe 81 B 10 C 9 and Fe 81 B 10 P 9 amorphous alloys in methylene blue (MB) solution by Fenton-like method were explored. The Fe 81 B 10 C 9 amorphous alloy has higher degradation activity, longer service life and self-cleaning performance than the Fe 81 B 10 P 9 amorphous alloy. The results have verified that the FeBC amorphous ribbon exhibits unique corrosion morphological characteristics with regular star-shaped C-rich corrosion pits while the Fe 81 B 10 P 9 amorphous alloy shows homogeneous corrosion. The existence of star-shaped C-rich corrosion pits is associated with the formation of the galvanic cell structure between this C-rich pits and the amorphous base (C-poor), which can contribute to the accelerating of Fe atoms to lose electrons and the self-peeling of the degradation products. This work has important implications in understanding the high degradation activity and long service life of FeBC amorphous alloys in the treatment of dye wastewater by Fenton-like method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A too slow degradation of iron (Fe) limits its orthopedic application. In this study, calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) was incorporated into a Fe-based biocomposite fabricated by laser additive manufacturing, with an aim to accelerate the degradation. It was found that CaCl 2 with strong water absorptivity improved the hydrophilicity of the Fe matrix and thereby promoted the invasion of corrosive solution. On the other hand, CaCl 2 could rapidly dissolve once contacting the solution and release massive chloride ion. Interestingly, the local high concentration of chloride ion effectively destroyed the corrosion product layer due to its strong erosion ability. As a result, the corrosion product layer covered on the Fe/CaCl 2 matrix exhibited an extremely porous structure, thus exhibiting a significantly reduced corrosion resistance. Besides, in vivo cell testing proved that the Fe/CaCl 2 biocomposite also showed favorable cytocompatibility., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Yang, Cai, Yang, Wang, Peng, Liu and Shuai.)