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Indonesia's population is projected to reach 328 million people by 2045, this increase in population will cause the need for rice food to continue to increase. One of the Indonesian government's efforts to increase the amount of rice production is by developing new paddy fields / extensification. One of the planned extensification projects is the Rumbia Extension Project in Central Lampung Regency. However, the government's agricultural land extensification project has encountered many obstacles ranging from water availability, land conflicts, productivity of agricultural products to marketing. The study aimed to assess the index and sustainability status of eight aspects of sustainability in the new paddy field development plan in Central Lampung Regency. The analysis that have been used is the Multiaspect Sustainability Analysis (MSA) method). This research has resulted in the sustainability status of the new rice field development plan in the moderately sustainable category with an index value of 52.05. The sustainability index value of each aspect are: cultural aspects (27.14), institutional aspects (39.43), marketing aspects (42.50), infrastructure & technology aspects (46.62), social aspects (52.88), legal & government policy aspects (65.28), ecological aspects (69.70) and economic aspects (72.86). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Časopis za Zgodovino in Narodopisje is the property of University of Maribor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the intensification and extensification of working time among IT workers. As standardised hours have become increasingly eroded, understanding the nuanced experience of re-configured working time becomes vital. Informed by conceptual distinctions between clock time, process time and tertiary time, this study investigates how working time is constituted among, and experienced by, two distinct IT occupational categories: support workers and mobile apps developers. Theorising experiences of working time with recourse to distinct logics of production, which encompass and reflect labour markets, new technology product markets and occupational communities, illuminates how working time experiences are shaped. This facilitates an explanation of the underlying dynamics that surround the interaction between the three concepts of time, which advances our understanding of intensification and extensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for cassava tuber in Indonesia is high, however, domestic production is still limited therefore increasing production is important. Ultisol soils have the potential for cassava production, but low soil fertility in such soils needs to be improved. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of cassava tuber in an ultisol. The experiment was conducted at the Jonggol Experimental Farm, IPB Bogor, West Java from September 2022 to January 2023. The experiment used a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was SOC level of 1.93 (control), 2, 3, and 4%, and the subplot was NPK 15-15-15 level of 150, 300, 450, and 600 kg ha-1. SOC level was increased through the application of cow manure 0, 3.59, 54.93, and 106.27 tons ha-1 corresponding to SOC levels of 1.93 (control), 2, 3, and 4%, respectively. Results showed that enhancing SOC up to 3% and NPK 300 kg ha-1 were enough to support cassava growth as shown by plant height, stem diameter, and leaf number. The leaf number was the highest in the 3% SOC+150 kg NPK, 2% SOC+300 kg NPK or+450 kg NPK, and control+600 kg ha-1 NPK treatment. Leaf greenness was only affected by adding NPK fertilizer; a high greenness value was obtained at NPK level of > 150 kg ha-1 and 300 to 600 kg ha-1 resulting in non-significantly leaf greenness. The status of N and K in the leaves increased by SOC and NPK treatments, while the P status was unaffected. SOC at a level of 3% and NPK at a level of 150 kg ha-1 stimulated cassava to produce the highest fresh tuber weight (1.85 kg per plant) at 4 months after planting. Cassava productivity in ultisol soil can be increased by applying cow manure of 54.93 tons ha-1 to enhance SOC up to 3% combined with NPK of 150 kg ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depopulation often leads to the abandonment of agricultural land and the resulting process of afforestation and reforestation. In this paper, we study the land use changes between 2000 and 2018 in two Spanish provinces, Soria and Teruel. The provinces chosen as case studies are of particular interest because they have some of the lowest population densities in Europe and continue to suffer depopulation processes that have been ongoing since the mid-20th century. The reasons for this are not immediately clear given that unlike other European regions with similar population density values, for example in Northern Scandinavia, they are not exposed to extreme climatic conditions, nor are they located in isolated mountain regions. Using the CORINE Land Cover database, we observed that in both provinces, there has been an expansion in shrub and forest land uses and a decline in agriculture due largely to the fact that certain areas have been abandoned by their inhabitants, although in other parts of these provinces, the amount of land used for agriculture has increased. Urban growth over this period has been minimal. In the coming years, it seems likely that the population of these areas will continue to fall, given that the policies carried out over decades to try to revert this trend have not been successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined absorbed organic residues in pottery to assess differences in subsistence practices in Roman Britain. Through this approach, we investigated foodways at a major urban site and a range of small towns, villas and farmsteads within its hinterland. The study revealed that consumption at Cirencester differed remarkably to consumption at other sites in the surrounding hinterland, with a greater contribution from pigs and/or chickens. Dairy products were a key contributor to the diet at rural sites, including a high-status villa. We contend that both findings are the result of extensification of food production. Thus, we show how reconstructing broad culinary patterns can reveal possible responses of inhabitants to the challenges of feeding the increasing population of Roman Britain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical land in Indonesia is the result of weather disturbances, natural disasters, farming behavior without considering the preservation of nature, and the unwise use of chemical fertilizers. Critical land tends to be acidic and has a soil structure that does not support cultivation. Coffee plants are flexible plants, and their root systems and ecology can improve soil structure. The need for coffee at home and abroad tends to increase along with the development of coffee consumption as a lifestyle for Generation Z (Gen-Z). The economic value of coffee, which tends to increase, opens the insight of farmers to continue to develop this coffee plantation area. In the development of planting areas, knowledge of critical land optimization is needed, which is a principal factor as the basis for implementing critical land extensification. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of farmers on optimizing critical land into strategic land and efforts to develop coffee agribusiness in critical land. This study used a quantitative descriptive method and used the SmartPLS3 analysis tool. The results showed that internal factors, external factors, and motivation of farmers affect the level of knowledge about optimization of critical land, critical land management must meet ecological conservation and improve the community's economy in a structured manner, the extensification of critical land using coffee plants is one of the strategic steps for critical land optimization, as well as the development of coffee agribusiness, both seeds and waste as an effort to increase farmers' income.

griculture has been recognized as an important sector in Indonesia. In addition to providing food and industrial raw materials, it contributes significantly to the growth of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign exchange, employment, and rural household income. One of the important triggers for the decline in harvested area and rice production in Musi Rawas Regency is the decline in rice field area due to the conversion of rice fields to non-rice fields. Conflicts over water resources vary from one area to another because water is not evenly distributed both in space and time. Therefore, this paper describes changes in the household population of rice farmers and changes in the population of aquaculture farmers in Musi Rawas Regency. This research was conducted using quantitative methods through a descriptive observational approach to secondary data obtained from the Government of Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The distribution of descriptive data was analyzed univariately using the SPSS Statistic 25.0 application. The area of rice fields increased from 2019 to 2021, followed by the number of farmers which also increased. The area of aquaculture is relatively stable in 2020 and 2021 and has increased compared to 2019. Meanwhile, aquaculture households from 2019 to 2021 continue to increase. he findings indicate the expansion of new rice fields (extensification) due to the need for new rice fields due to the increase in the population of farmers. The population of fish farmers is increasing even though the fishery area is constant. This condition indicates the fragmentation of fishery land.

Critical land in Indonesia is the result of weather disturbances, natural disasters, farming behavior without considering the preservation of nature, and the unwise use of chemical fertilizers. Critical land tends to be acidic and has a soil structure that does not support cultivation. Coffee plants are flexible plants, and their root systems and ecology can improve soil structure. The need for coffee at home and abroad tends to increase along with the development of coffee consumption as a lifestyle for Generation Z (Gen-Z). The economic value of coffee, which tends to increase, opens the insight of farmers to continue to develop this coffee plantation area. In the development of planting areas, knowledge of critical land optimization is needed, which is a principal factor as the basis for implementing critical land extensification. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of farmers on optimizing critical land into strategic land and efforts to develop coffee agribusiness in critical land. This study used a quantitative descriptive method and used the SmartPLS3 analysis tool. The results showed that internal factors, external factors, and motivation of farmers affect the level of knowledge about optimization of critical land, critical land management must meet ecological conservation and improve the community's economy in a structured manner, the extensification of critical land using coffee plants is one of the strategic steps for critical land optimization, as well as the development of coffee agribusiness, both seeds and waste as an effort to increase farmers' income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depopulation often leads to the abandonment of agricultural land and the resulting process of afforestation and reforestation. In this paper, we study the land use changes between 2000 and 2018 in two Spanish provinces, Soria and Teruel. The provinces chosen as case studies are of particular interest because they have some of the lowest population densities in Europe and continue to suffer depopulation processes that have been ongoing since the mid-20th century. The reasons for this are not immediately clear given that unlike other European regions with similar population density values, for example in Northern Scandinavia, they are not exposed to extreme climatic conditions, nor are they located in isolated mountain regions. Using the CORINE Land Cover database, we observed that in both provinces, there has been an expansion in shrub and forest land uses and a decline in agriculture due largely to the fact that certain areas have been abandoned by their inhabitants, although in other parts of these provinces, the amount of land used for agriculture has increased. Urban growth over this period has been minimal. In the coming years, it seems likely that the population of these areas will continue to fall, given that the policies carried out over decades to try to revert this trend have not been successful.

This study investigates the impact of agricultural marketing program on smallholder investment behavior. The study is based on cross-sectional household data from a survey of 507 smallholder maize farmers from rural communities in Ghana. The study employed propensity score matching (PSM) to estimate the average treatment effect of the marketing program on farmers’ investment behavior. The results show that smallholder farmers’ participation in buffer stock marketing program is influenced positively by gender, transportation cost and access to extension service and negatively by marital status among others. Overall, the results show that the buffer stock marketing program has positive impacts on smallholder farmers’ investment behavior of increasing input usage, farm expansion and yield smallholder farmers. However, the highest impact is on farm expansion. The results of the study reveal that the marketing program stimulates investment in farm size expansion more than in inputs usage. To derive the most impact from the program, a possible review of the program could look at strategy of focusing on the implementation of the program in rural areas rather than in peri-urban areas where land access is more constrained. This study contributes to a better understanding of f farmers’ investment behavior of input usage and farm expansion. This knowledge could help policymakers and development organizations shape future interventions for increased uptake.

Literary works can be used as a means of caring for the earth. Nature is seen as an object so that human treatment of nature does not provide reciprocity. nature is gradually being degraded. Thus, this study focuses on discussing literary works related to the issue of nature being exploited through the agricultural system. The purpose of this study is to reveal what environmental problems are represented in the novel Kailasa by Jusuf AN as a form of ecocriticism. The eco-critical theory which is based on Cheryll Goltfelty's view is used as a reference in discussing the problem of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. Ecocriticism views the basic relationship that all human culture is connected to the physical world, influencing and being influenced by both the biosphere and the ecosphere. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. The result identifies that anthropocentrism causes exploitation of nature and environment in Kailasa. It also identifies that the Kailasa community experienced a change in eco-consciousness to ego-consciousness; the change was motivated by a material-oriented life for economic purposes.

Agrosilvopastoral systems are multifunctional, complex, and knowledge-intensive systems with the potential to deliver multiple ecosystem services. However, their future is hindered by socio-ecological factors which influence the dynamics of the associated landscapes by modifying how the natural resources are used over time and across the territory. An integrated analysis of the most influential factors and the associated dynamics urges due to the strategic potential of these systems to provide locally adapted ecosystem services to face both local and global challenges. We investigated the changes in the demography, productive activities and the strategies of land use, and how they influenced the landscape dynamics, in the Redes Biosphere Reserve. Datasets with demographic, socioeconomic, and landscape parameters from 1956, 1985, and 2016 were created. Landscape metrics were calculated for the whole Reserve and for six areas covering the bioclimatic variability. Historical data, interviews with the local population, and repeated images were used to reconstruct the land uses and the landscape maps in each period. The number of inhabitants declined 60% from 1956 to 2016, and only 4.7% are less than 15 years old nowadays. The human group’s capacity to maintain sustainable and productive activities is highly questionable. During the same period, the number of farms decreased by 80% and the herds evolved from multispecific (63% cattle and 37% small ruminants) to monospecific ones (around 88% cattle). The complex land management strategies simplified: subsistence agriculture almost disappeared and the diversity of livestock and agroforestry strategies also decreased. The landscape metrics revealed the most drastic changes in the lowlands associated with the construction of two water reservoirs and the disappearance of croplands and open chestnut forests. At middle altitudes, around 43% of the hay meadows disappeared and the remaining grasslands are only grazed, whereas grazed grasslands declined by 77% at the highest altitudes. Two drivers repeated across the three bioclimatic scenarios: expansion of dense woodlands (average 220%) and shrublands (295%). All these changes led to the reduction of the landscape diversity and the simplification of the mosaic, with possible environmental implications. Integrated approaches including environmental and socioeconomic measures are needed to preserve the landscapes and associated services.

Permanent grasslands (PG) provide multifunctional ecosystem services (ES) in Europe and globally, which are threatened by both increased farming intensity and land use change in marginal areas. Farm management decisions can represent critical thresholds, or behavioural "tipping points", in the agricultural system. Decisions are influenced by a combination of agronomic, policy and social factors. Transformation of PG systems can be facilitated through positive tipping points and relevant policy implementation to ensure sustainable PG systems. The aim of this research was to understand the drivers of decisions regarding land use changes and management towards critical positive and negative tipping points across five biogeographic zones in Europe. Interview methodology assessed farmers' preferences and priorities regarding the adoption of sustainable PG systems. Participants were selected from five case study countries, each representing a different biogeographic zone in Europe (Continental/Pannonian: Czech Republic, Boreal: Sweden, Mediterranean: Spain, Alpine: Switzerland, and Atlantic: UK). The sample also covered three farming intensity types within these biogeographic zones: high input/intensive conventional farms (≥1.0 LU/ha); low input/extensive conventional farms (<1.0 LU/ha); and certified organic farms. In total, 373 farm interviews were obtained from the case study countries between October 2020 and October 2021. The analysis focuses on drivers of change and considers tipping points across these countries, considering case studies of land use changes (specifically land abandonment) and land management practices (specifically changes in stocking rates). The most common reasons for PG management changes towards either intensification or extensification were economic. Farmers require policy support to increase provision of non-market ES, while rebalancing subsidies can deliver environmental ES at scale through abandonment (e.g., through the creation of specific habitats that support some threatened species). Agri-environment schemes (AES)and subsidies could be more flexible to allow farmers to better adapt grassland management to local production conditions and unpredictable circumstances such as droughts, floods, or market shocks. To maintain PG that delivers more goods and services, financial compensation for ES delivery was perceived to be the most significant support mechanism needed, while easier access to ES provision expertise through extension or consultancy services is considered important factor. • Farmers' decisions can be understood as critical thresholds, or behavioural tipping points. • Farmers require financial incentives and technical guidance to trigger positive tipping points. • Changes to agri-environmental schemes and subsidy programmes are needed to deliver more ES from PG • Other decision drivers include personal values, (perceived) agronomic barriers, and consumer demand. • Land use/management change should be appropriate, context-specific and align with farming values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mediterranean peri-urban regions have changed considerably in recent decades, leading to different farming system trajectories. The high level of heterogeneity and complexity of these areas are particularly challenging in terms of understanding the ongoing processes and their drivers, including the effects of spatial interactions, in order to make an initial assessment of the possible levers for territorial management. We aim to show a new modeling approach to assess the factors explaining farming system trajectories on Mediterranean peri-urban areas, including an analysis of the spillover from neighboring areas, which is often neglected in these kinds of methods. The model was tested in two urban regions, located in Pisa (Italy) and Avignon (France), leading to very different perspectives, given the differences in terms of farming systems and environmental characteristics. Our model also highlights the factors acting on peri-urban farming system trajectories. We first analyzed the farming systems characteristics and their trajectories, based on a land parcel identification system database and agricultural census. Then, we estimated explanatory factors at the farm level applying a spatially explicit model which takes into spatial autocorrelations into account: a Spatial Autoregressive Probit model. Our results provide new evidence supporting the hypothesis that peri-urban farming systems trajectories are influenced by other variables than the distance to the city center and the urbanization processes. Although urban sprawl characterizes medium-sized regions, this factor is not relevant on farming systems trajectories in the region of Pisa, where structural agro-pedoclimatic drivers contribute more significantly to the probability of change and, therefore, highlighting the greater stability of these farming systems. The region of Avignon reveals different aspects: a dense road infrastructure and favorable environmental conditions (availability of irrigation water during warm periods, adequate temperatures in winter, deep soils) increase the probability of intensification within the farming system. Our methodological approach, which is based on a spatial probit model, measures the effect of the spatial dependence of the dependent variables. In addition, the preliminary classification in terms of farming systems improves our understanding of the land trajectories. The results obtained provide new insights into the processes underway in Mediterranean peri-urban areas. [Display omitted] • Proximity to urban regions is not a main driver of farming systems trajectories in periurban areas. • The spatial structure of agricultural lands influences their propension to change. • In Pisa, the trajectories are mainly explained by agro-pedoclimatic conditions. • In Avignon, intensification occurs away from urban areas but close to main roads. • Spatial Autoregressive Probit allows to include spatial autocorrelation on farming system modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land abandonment is a process widespread in many regions of the world as a consequence of socio-economic conditions and changes on the use of land. Research has shown that land abandonment can have both positive and negative effects, depending on the local context, location and scale. Research has framed land abandonment either as an opportunity for rewilding these landscapes or as a loss of cultural values. Here, we present a literature review of the effects of land abandonment on social and ecological dimensions in the Mediterranean region, an area where is a common phenomenon. The results show that land abandonment is widely studied throughout the Northern Mediterranean, in particular in Spain, Italy and France, while no studies has been performed in the Southern part, such as in Morocco or Tunisia. Most of the land abandonment outcomes identified were negative, followed by mixed outcomes (being partly positive and negative). Abandonment studies focused more often on outcomes on nature's contributions to people (such as biodiversity and habitat for species), while studies on the effects on the social dimension through the consideration of good quality of life components are scarce. The results highlight the high diversity of effects and outcomes derived from land abandonment. We call for research focusing on how the comprehensive process of land abandonment can impact and promote key changes in the future. Further research should pay greater attention to North African and Middle East countries in the Mediterranean region, where multiple pathways of abandonment are currently emerging, as well as the consideration of the social dimension of the effects of land abandonment to capture the full complexity of this land use change. • Outcomes from land abandonment are analyzed in ecological and social dimensions. • Most abandonment articles found negative and mixed outcomes from land abandonment. • A majority of literature focused on the effects of land abandonment on biodiversity and habitat maintenance. • Effects on social dimension are ignored by the literature of land abandonment. • Multifunctional landscapes will be key to understand land abandonment and its effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]