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Starptautiskais bizness un ilgtspējīga ekonomika Vadība, administrēšana un nekustamo īpašumu pārvaldība International Business and Sustainable Economy Management, Administration and Real Estate Management Bakalaura darba tēma " Atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošana Latvijas ilgtspējīgas attīstības nodrošināšana" šobrīd ir aktuāla, jo energoresursi tiek izmantoti katru dienu un gandrīz visur, mēs ikdienā saskaramies ar tiem visās dzīves jomās un nu jau tie ir kļuvuši par neatņemamu sabiedrības un dzīves sastāvdaļu. Šobrīd pasaulē visplašāk izmantotie energoresursi ir fosilie kurināmie energoresursi, bet to iegūšana un izmantošana izdala milzīgu daudzumu kaitīgu un siltumnīcefektu izraisošu gāzu un atkritumu, kas kaitē gan cilvēkiem, gan apkārtējai videi. Šie notikumi ne tikai apdraud mūs un mūsu vajadzību nodrošināšanu, bet tie arī liedz nākošo paaudžu iespējas nodrošināt viņu vajadzības. Ilgtspējība īpaši skar atjaunojamos energoresursus, jo šobrīd tieši tie ir galvenie ilgtspējīgas attīstības veicinātāji. Latvijā un pasaulē tiek nosprausti, veidoti dažādi mērķi un plāni, kas veicinātu ilgtspējīgu attīstību un veiksmīgu atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanu. Bakalaura darba mērķis ir, balstoties uz teorētiskajām atziņām par atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanu un empīrisko datu analīzi, izstrādāt ieteikumus atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanai Latvijā. Darbs tiek strukturēts 3 daļās, pirmajā daļā tiek izmantota monogrāfiskā metode, lai analizētu teorētiskos aspektus par atjaunojamiem energoresursiem, otrajā daļā tiek izmantotas sekundāro datu analīzes metode, kontentanalīzes metode un grafiskā metode, lai pētītu atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanas ietekmi uz Latvijas ilgtspējīgu attīstību. Trešajā nodaļā izmantota kvantitatīvā pētījuma metode, lai identificētu priekšrocības un trūkumus atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanā Latvijā. Pētījumā secināts, ka atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošana Latvijā ir virs vidējā līmeņa un tie tiek izmantoti gandrīz efektīvi. Latvijas atjaunojamo energoresursu gala patēriņš ir augstāks, kā Eiropas Savienības vidējas gala patēriņš. Atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanai ilgtspējīgas attīstības kontekstā ir vairāk priekšrocību nekā trūkumu un galvenās priekšrocības ir energoresursu atjaunojamība, enerģijas avota neatkarība un mazināta ietekme uz apkārtējo vidi. Sabiedrības izglītošana un atjaunojamo energoresursu popularizēšana sabiedrībā ir pirmais solis ilgtspējīgas attīstības virzienā . Daži no galvenajiem ilgtspējīgas attīstības mērķiem Latvijā ir saules enerģijas attīstīšana un plašāka izmantošana, tāpat arī vēja enerģijas potenciāla izmantošana ir viens no galvenajiem ilgtspējīgas attīstības mērķiem. Darbā izvirzītie priekšlikumi ietver atjaunojamo energoresursu infrastruktūras attīstību, sabiedrības izglītošana un atjaunojamo energoresursu popularizēšanu, saules parku attīstīšanu un saules enerģijas plašāku izmantošanu, vēja enerģijas potenciāla izmantošanu un jūras vēja parku attīstīšanu, enerģētiskās neatkarības veicināšanu un energoresursu diversifikāciju. Darba kopējais lappušu skaits – 60 lpp, literatūras avotu skaits – 43, pielikumu skaits – 1 The topic of the bachelor's thesis "The use of renewable energy resources, ensuring the sustainable development of Latvia" is currently relevant, because energy resources are used every day and everywhere, we encounter them in all areas of life, and they have already become an integral part of society and our life. Currently, the most widely used energy resources in the world are fossil fuel energy resources, but their usage emits huge amount of harmful greenhouse gases, which harm both people and the surrounding environment. These developments not only threaten us and the provision of our needs, but they also deny future generations the ability to provide for their own needs. Sustainability particularly affects renewable energy resources, as they are currently the main promoters of sustainable development. In Latvia and around the world, various goals and plans are being set and created, which would promote sustainable development and the successful use of renewable energy resources. The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to develop recommendations for the use of renewable energy resources in Latvia, based on theoretical knowledge about the use of renewable energy resources and empirical data analysis. The work is structured in 3 parts, the first part uses monographic method to analyze the theoretical aspects of renewable energy resources, second part uses secondary data analysis method, content analysis method and graphic method to study the impact of the use of renewable energy resources on the sustainable development of Latvia. Third chapter uses quantitative research method to identify advantages and disadvantages in the use of renewable energy resources in Latvia. The study concluded that the use of renewable energy resources in Latvia is above average, and they are used with medium efficiently. Latvia's consumption of renewable energy resources is higher than the average consumption of the European Union. The use of renewable energy resources in the context of sustainable development has more advantages than disadvantages and the main advantages are the renewability of energy resources, the independence of the energy source and reduced impact on the surrounding environment. Public education and promotion of renewable energy resources in society is the first step towards sustainable development. Some of the main goals of sustainable development in Latvia is the development and wider use of solar energy, and the use of wind energy potential is also one of the main goals of sustainable development. The proposals put forward in the paper include the development of renewable energy resources infrastructure, public education and promotion of renewable energy resources, development of solar parks and wider use of solar energy, use of wind energy potential and development of offshore wind parks, promotion of energy independence and diversification of energy resources. Total number of pages - 60 pages, literature sources - 43, number of appendices - 1

U ovom diplomskom radu prikazan je energetski i turistički potencijal starih mlinova na četiri rijeke u Hrvatskoj; na rijeci Plitvici, rijeci Bednji, rijeci Donjoj Dobri i rijeci Muri. Stare vodenice koje su se nekad koristile za proizvodnju brašna mogu se restaurirati i koristiti za proizvodnju električne energije, uz oživljavanje i pokretanje turizma te na taj način čuvati tradiciju i baštinu starijih naraštaja. U radu se govori općenito o hidroenergiji i hidroelektranama te načinu na koji se proračunava snaga turbine i količina dobivene električne energije. Najveći naglasak u radu posvećen je vodenicama pa je tako navedena povijest nastanka i razvoj vodenica te njihova podjela. Napravljena je analiza mogućnosti rekonstrukcije mlinova/vodenica koje su ili postojale ili još postoje. To su Vidovićev mlin na rijeci Plitvici, mlin u Margečanu uz rijeku Bednju, Matin mlin na Donjoj Dobri i mlin na Muri kod Žabnika. Nakon analize svake lokacije i dobivenih potrebnih parametara, izvršen je proračun snage turbine i proračun količine proizvedene električne energije. Na kraju rada, za svaku lokaciju predloženo je na koji način iskoristiti njezin turistički potencijal. This graduate thesis shows the energy and tourist potential of old mills on four rivers in Croatia; On the Plitvica, Bednja, Donja Dobra and Mura. Old water mills used to produce flour can be restored and used to produce electricity, with revival and starting tourism, thus keeping the tradition and heritage of older generations. The paper is generally referred to as hydropower and hydroelectric power, and how the turbine power and the amount of electricity obtained are calculated. The greatest emphasis in the work is dedicated to the watermills, so the history of the emergence and development of the aquatic and their division is also mentioned. An analysis of the options for reconstruction of mills/watermills that either existed or still existed. These are Vidovic's mill on the Plitvice River, a mill in Margečan along the Bednja River, Matin Mlin on the Donja Dobra, and mill on the Mura near Zabnik. After the analysis of each location and the necessary parameters obtained, the turbine power budget and the calculation of the amount of electricity produced were calculated. At the end of the work, it is proposed how to use the tourist potential for each location.

Mountain huts, as special, stand-alone, micro-grid systems, are not connected to a power grid and represent a burden on the environment. The micro-grid has to be flexible to cover daily and seasonal fluctuations. Heat and electricity are usually generated with fossil fuels due to the simple on-off operation. By introducing renewable energy sources (RESs), the generation of energy could be more sustainable, but the generation and consumption must be balanced. The paper describes the integration of a hydrogen-storage system (HSS) and a battery-storage system (BattS) in a mountain hut. The HSS involves a proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyser (PEMWE), a hydrogen storage tank (H2 tank), a PEM fuel cell (PEMFC) and a BattS consisting of lead-acid batteries. Eight micro-grid configurations were modelled using HOMER and evaluated from the technical, environmental and economic points of view. A life-cycle assessment analysis was made from the cradle to the gate. The micro-grid configurations with the HSS achieve, on average, a more than 70% decrease in the environmental impacts in comparison to the state of play at the beginning, but require a larger investment. Comparing the HSS with the BattS as a seasonal energy storage, the hydrogen-based technology had advantages for all of the assessed criteria.

U ovom diplomskom radu prikazana je mogućnost proizvodnje električne energije pomoću tradicionalnog mlina (vodnog kola) na lokaciji Matinog mlina na rijeci Donjoj Dobri. S porastom svijesti da neobnovljivi izvori energije znatno utječu na okoliš, sve više dolazi do porasta korištenja obnovljivih izvora energije. Isto tako sve je popularnija proizvodnja električne energije pomoću hidroenergije. Kako bi se dokazala mogućnost i potencijal proizvodnje električne energije na mlinici, provedena su terenska istraživanja i mjerenja na lokaciji Matinog mlina na rijeci Donjoj Dobri kod Jaškova, u blizini Karlovca. Mjerenja su uključila određivanje brzine vode i određivanje protoka vode u dovodnom/odvodnom kanalu Matinog mlina. Mjerenja su izvršena pomoću ultrazvučnog mjerača FlowTracker2 i radarskog mjerača SQ-R FlowMeter te mjerača broja okretaja Tachometer. Nakon mjerenja izvršena je analiza dobivenih rezultata te proveden proračun snage turbine i proračun godišnje količine proizvedene električne energije ovisno o količini vode u dovodnom kanalu. Cjelokupni opis uređaja, mjerenja i proračuna prikazani su u radu. This thesis presents the possibility of producing electricity using a traditional mill (water wheel) on the river Donja Dobra. With the growing awareness that non-renewable energy sources have a significant impact on the environment, there is an increasing of the use of renewable energy sources. Also, the production of electricity using hydropower is becoming increasingly popular. In order to prove the possibility and potential of electricity production at the water mill, field research and measurements were conducted at the location of the Matin mill on the river Donja Dobra in Jaškovo, near Karlovac. The measurements included determination of the water velocity and determining the water flow in the canal of the Matin mill. Measurements were performed using a FlowTracker ultrasonic meter, radar meter SQ-R Flow meter and revolution meter. After the measurement, the analysis of the obtained results was performed, as well as the calculation of the turbine power, together with the annual amount of electricity produced, with regards to the amount of water in the supply channel. The complete descriptions of the devices, measurements and calculations are presented in the paper.