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The Author investigates the exercise of control prerogative beyond the company’s borders, while reflecting on the limitations imposed by the Workers' Statute to safeguard freedom and human dignity. By reiterating the prohibition of covert and impersonal monitoring, it is noted how the opportunities to verify the fulfillment of work performed outside the premises where surveillance personnel can be deployed are greatly limited. Nevertheless, attempts to expand them through interpretative means are deemed excessively risky in a context where the protection of human dignity and freedom is at stake.

• We examined the effect of minority management on the capital structure of companies operating in Japan. • We investigated whether minority management had a nonlinear effect on corporate financing decisions. • We found significant links between minority management and leverage. • We established that minority management has a threshold effect on leverage. • Firms with a high level of minority management tend to achieve their optimal leverage positions. This study evaluates the effect of minority management (MG) on capital structure for a sample of listed Japanese companies over three sectors. We used a dynamic panel, threshold-based model that can control for endogeneity to investigate the linkage between the speed of adjustment of leverage and MG, with the results proving that there is significant linkage between MG and leverage. We also observed that the level of MG has a threshold effect on leverage, such that firms with a high level of MG can reach their optimal leverage faster than those with a low level of MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]