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Discussions of host–microbe interactions in mosquito vectors are frequently dominated by a focus on the human pathogens they transmit (e.g. Plasmodium parasites and arboviruses). Underlying the interactions between a vector and its transmissible pathogens, however, is the physiology of an insect living and interacting with a world of bacteria and fungi including commensals, mutualists and primary and opportunistic pathogens. Here we review what is known about the bacteria and fungi associated with mosquitoes, with an emphasis on the members of the Aedes genus. We explore the reciprocal effects of microbe on mosquito, and mosquito on microbe. We analyse the roles of bacterial and fungal symbionts in mosquito development, their effects on vector competence, and their potential uses as biocontrol agents and vectors for paratransgenesis. We explore the compartments of the mosquito gut, uncovering the regionalization of immune effectors and modulators, which create the zones of resistance and immune tolerance with which the mosquito host controls and corrals its microbial symbionts. We examine the anatomical patterning of basally expressed antimicrobial peptides. Finally, we review the relationships between inducible antimicrobial peptides and canonical immune signalling pathways, comparing and contrasting current knowledge on each pathway in mosquitoes to the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. This article is part of the theme issue 'Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proposta deste estudo é examinar a correspondência da infestação pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti, através do Índice Breteau, por bairros, no período entre 2015 a 2017, com a temperatura de superfície estimada (TSE) da cidade Montes Claros-MG. Certas investigações apontam as questões hidroclimáticas como as que mais corroboram para intensificação larvária do inseto proposto. A metodologia consistiu na aquisição e organização dos dados relativos ao Índice Breteau do referido mosquito; a geração da imagem com a temperatura de superfície estimada da cidade; e o exame, com a aplicação da regressão linear múltipla, da associação de tais variáveis. Por meio dos resultados foi verificado que o modelo empregado (p < 0,01 e R² = 0,83) foi significativo, e as variáveis mais explicativas para o Índice Breteau de 2017, sejam - o Índice Breteau de 2016 (p < 0,01) e o desvio-padrão (p < 0,03) das temperaturas. Conclui-se que há ligação entre a maior infestação larvária pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti com as áreas onde existem maiores picos de calor.

Aedes aegypti MOSQUITO, THE CASE OF THE MONTES CLAROS-MG CITY Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examinate the correspondence of Aedes aegypti infestation, through of Breteau Index, by neighborhoods, in the period among the years 2015 and 2017 with land surface temperature (LST) of the city Montes Claros-MG. Some investigations shows the hydroclimatic issues as the one most corroborate to larval infestation of the proposed insect. The methodology consisted in the acquisition and organization of the data related to the Breteau Index of mentioned mosquito; the generation of the image with the estimated surface temperature of the city; and examining with the application of multiple linear regression, the association of such variables. With the results is verified that the model employed (p <0.01 and R² = 0.83) is significant, and the most explanatory variables for the Breteau Index of 2017 are - the Breteau Index of 2016 (p <0, 01) and the standard-deviation (p < 0.03) of the temperatures. Arrival the conclusion that the larval infestation of Aedes aegypti has relationship with areas where exist the highest heat peaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]