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Copyright of Arts for Linguistic & Literary Studies is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the depiction of women in Shashi Deshpande's That Long Silence and Naguib Mahfouz's Palace of Desire (Qasr Al-Shawq) according to the feminist approach. The study seeks to compare and contrast the way these two novels, which are considered among reputable 20th century fiction, represent female characters and their struggles for asserting their individualities in two types of male-dominated societies. That is to say, Shashi Deshpande, the Indian authoress of That Long Silence fathoms the struggles of women in a traditional Indian society. In this novel, she mirrors the great challenges that women face in such a patriarchal system. Therefore, this research traces the heroines' experience highlighting how the novelist has tackled misogynism and biased societal prospects. On the other hand, Mahfouz's Palace of Desire sheds light on the stereotyped images of women and feminists attempts to free women within the changing political and societal setting of Egypt then. Aida's personality represents the ambitious woman who reconciles with her desires and does her best to assert herself in a male-dominated society despite all the social constraints trying to limit her aspirations. In this comparative study between the two concerned novels, the researcher seeks to reveal the similarities and differences in the representations of women in two different cultural backgrounds. So, the paper examines how each of these two novelists criticizes the patriarchal structures and advocates feminism in his/her society exposing the ways through which gender roles and societal norms are presented. The study shows a deep understanding of feminist literary criticism by highlighting the cultural influence of the two societies in which women's sufferings are revealed. So, the findings of the research offer new insights into the gender roles, misogynism, stereotyped images of women, old traditions and patriarchal systems in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to discuss the concept of hegemonic masculinity and its influence on societies. It tries to explain the origin of hegemonic masculinity's concept, and how the thinkers, and philosophers discussed this term, and what they wrote about it. It discusses many concepts such as masculinity, patriarchal system and tribal society, and as well as the status of women in the Yemeni society. It also explores aspects of hegemonic masculinity through the events of Wajdi Al-Ahdal's novel A Land without Jasmine. This research is divided into introduction and three sections; the first discusses the concept of hegemonic masculinity, the second explains the hegemonic masculinity and Patriarchal culture in the Yemeni society, the third clarifies manifestations of hegemonic masculinity, such as early marriage and depriving women of education and the conclusion. This research reached many results such as Yemeni society is considered a male-dominated society and the system that prevails in it is the patriarchal system. Furthermore, upbringing and social traditions have contributed to reinforcing a culture of male dominance in society.

Sylvia Plath’s only novel, The Bell Jar (1963), gives us an insight into the life of a young woman, Esther Greenwood, and the process of her adapting to life in 1950s America. As it is a rather traumatic process due to her (in)ability to accept and conform to the rules of a male-dominated society, the aim of this paper is to analyse this novel within the framework of trauma studies. The novel follows Esther Greenwood’s descent into depression and her attempts to make choices about her future, while showing that she finds the task rather traumatic because her desires are mutually exclusive and not in accordance with what the consumerist American society deems acceptable. Bessel A. van der Kolk et al. state that what makes something traumatic is “the subjective assessment by victims of how threatened and helpless they feel” (2007). Before the analysis of the novel, the theoretical framework is provided in terms of defining trauma, relying on the research conducted by Sigmund Freud, Shoshana Felman and Dori Laub in Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis and History (1992), and other similar studies connected to the analysis of trauma and, in particular, trauma in Sylvia Plath’s oeuvre. The historical background of the novel is also examined, in order to provide a clearer picture of the period the novel is set in. Hopefully, this small scale research offers another way of perceiving the traumatic experience of being a woman in a domineering, patriarchal society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to show the critical and pedagogical potential of artistic, feminist, collective and street practices from the experience of a participatory artistic action activated in the public space, and of the demands, desires, and commitments against femicide of the women who have been involved. The theoretical coordinates range from the notes by Amorós and de Miguel (2020) on feminism as a critical theory, the socio-historical and political analysis of violence by Martín-Baró (1990), Segato’s (2019) approaches regarding “expressive violence” to the proposal to understand performative and autoethnographic prac)tices as producers of unconventional epistemologies and weavers of complex, fluid knowledge about subjectivities (Calderón, 2021). The methodology used involved a qualitative analysis of the discourse included in the survival certificates of nearly two hundred women, as well as a reflective analysis of the experience perceived by the artist-researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women and nature have a bonding which reflect the connectedness between humans and non-humans. The exploitation of women affects nature and vice- versa. The novels Entrok, written by Okky Madasari, Tarian Bumi by Oka Rusmini, and Trilogi Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk by Ahmad Tohari narrate the experiences of women struggling to survive in cultures dominated by the patriarchal system. This article uses qualitative research methods to describe data about the women’s experiences of their encounters with exploitation in these three novels. All data were decoded using the ecofeminism theory. The results show that their nurturing character is a power in the spirituality of women, and it was used in patriarchal systems. The notion of feminization, which preserves both nurture and love, proved insufficient for this purpose as it objectifies women and weakens the struggle. To strengthen the advancement of women, it is important to develop the ethical relationship between humans and nature.

This study determined the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on women microfinance services uptake and establish whether women access to microfinance services has challenged the prevailing patriarchal system in Hai District, Kilimanjaro region. The study used a cross-sectional research design involving 111 respondents drawn at random from the study population. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data whereby Atlas.ti computer software was used to organise and analyse some data. Ordered probit regression model was used to analyse the influence of some socio-demographic characteristics on women microfinance services uptake. The findings show that marital status and education level attained tend to influence women microfinance services uptake and some level of social and economic empowerment. Moreover, microfinance uptake among women beneficiaries has not challenged the current patriarchal system in the study area. The study concludes that while socio-economic empowerment was realised among some microfinance beneficiaries, microfinance services uptake among women has not yet succeeded to influence the prevailing patriarchal system. It is advised that women and other key stakeholders, should engage in serious training and sensitisation practices to actively influence meaningful change in the current patriarchal system.

The Republic of Albania is located in southeastern Europe. Although it is a member state of the UN, NATO, OSCE, a member of the Council of Europe and a potential candidate for joining the European Union only in recent years did the Albanian legislature want, through the laws it adopted, to align itself, to a great extent, the general trend of modernization and the recognition of equality in the rights of women and men. The remote traditions and customs of their history and civilization have prevailed when the equality of the sexes is called into question. Certainly, in addition to the patriarchal mentality that is the basis of Albanian society, the fear of the so-called "weaker sex", the helplessness and the lack of confidence in their own emancipation do preserve the customs that I mentioned above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper adopts interpretive and descriptive approaches in the study of derogatory Esan proverbs targeted against women in the Esan indigenous society of Nigeria. The aim is to reveal whether the content of such anti-women local proverbs in Esan are valid or anachronistic in the light of the indigenous knowledge that proverbs are ideally known to convey, and judging by cultural and modern realities. Esan people are a tribe in Edo State of Nigeria and the three researchers of this paper are native speakers of the language. We harvested Esan proverbs through our public interactions with elders, and young and old adults in both rural and urban Esan communities. Our study reveals, amongst others, that the contents of derogatory Esan proverbs with women as subjects are not valid statements, but are products of centuries of enduring patriarchal systems insensitive to cultural and modern realities evidencing the numerous virtues and accomplishments of Esan women. The paper finally affirms that the anti-women local proverbs are part of the traditional structure that has fought the success of the thoroughbred modern agitations for female empowerment and the quest for gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a multiplicity of social discourses has great relevance in people's lives, so they allow us to reflect on daily practices, on the common places from which the subjects think of themselves and others, and the recurring themes that run through them at a given time. From this, two social discourses of the Chilean author, Gabriela Mistral, were analyzed: on the one hand “The instruction of women” [1906] and, on the other “Organization of women” [1925]. To carry out this work, some concepts worked by Marc Angenot in relation to social discourses were taken, such as hegemony and counter-hegemony and Elsa Drucaroff, gender order and class order. In this sense, it was observed in these speeches echoes of women's voices silenced in the word and that, based on the author's world views and assessments, the word of others transcends in her own voice, operating as an instrument to make visible those extirpated. by the history. The importance of these Mistral speeches lies in the fact that his voice represents all times and can be analyzed from contemporary social constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Via Inveniendi et Iudicandi is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)