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The Moroccan High Atlas Mountains boast a diverse and intricate geodiversity, shaped by their tumultuous geological past. Nevertheless, the geotourism potential in most parts of this area remains under-exploited. Yet, the under-tapped geotourism potential of this area has prompts us to propose an inventory of its geosites in this study. Our objective is to conduct an assessment of the unexplored section of the M’Goun regional geopark, identifying and examining locations that exhibit the greatest potential for geotourism. An integrated multicriteria approach combining geographic information systems (GIS) with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was employed. The study’s initial phase focused on generating a geodiversity index map, merging partial indices (geological, geomorphological, hydrological, and pedological), culminating in the geodiversity map. This map offers a comprehensive overview of geological diversity distribution in the study area. In the subsequent phase, a multicriteria analysis used ten natural, scenic, and cultural criteria to assess the geotouristic potential of the area. The geodiversity index map showed very high values of geodiversity at the borders of the Central High Atlas synclines and anticline and at the reliefs of great vertical development. The analysis shows that 81% of these sites, which are distributed in areas of high suitability, coincide with the location of sites of international interest such as the Ouzoud waterfalls, the panoramic views of the Ait Attab syncline, the Ain Asserdoun springs, etc. These outcomes testify to the effectiveness of this method and prove that applying geospatial technologies such as AHP with GIS allows not only to analyze geotouristic suitability but also to provide support and a roadmap that can assist decision makers in any geotourism planning project and geopark management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beavers have occurred in North America since at least 7 Ma, but relatively little is known about their distribution across the continent. We modeled distributions of beavers in the late Pliocene (3.3 Ma), Pleistocene (130 ka and 21 ka), and recent Holocene (1970 to 2000) to understand their dispersal across North America, predict future distributions and predict their possible response to future climate and habitat changes. Occurrence data for Castor canadensis were derived from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Those data were used with both modern (1970 to 2000) and modeled future (EC-Earth-Veg 2081 to 2100) bioclimatic variables from WorldClim as well as past (Pliocene Marine Isotope Stage M2, Pleistocene Last Interglacial, and Pleistocene Last Glacial Maximum) bioclimatic variables from PaleoClim to model beaver distributions through time. Fossil locality points for Castor extracted from the New and Old Worlds Database of Fossil Mammals (NOW), NEOTOMA Paleoecology Database, and Paleobiology Database were overlain on past projection models to use as validation points. Models were run using MaxEnt with post-processing in ArcGIS. Accuracy for the 5 models ranged between 59.6% and 60.2%. Results for the present model (1970 to 2000) showed habitat suitability in areas beavers inhabit today. During the Pliocene MIS M2 cooling event (3.3 Ma) and Pleistocene Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka), habitat suitability shifted further south into Mexico and peninsular Florida and away from more periglacial northern regions. During the Last Interglacial period (130 ka) and modeled future (2081 to 2100) EC-Earth-Veg 2081 to 2100, habitat suitability was higher in coastal and central regions in North America and lower in southern regions compared to their present distribution. Distributions were most affected by precipitation seasonality, isothermality, and mean annual temperature. High variability in seasonal precipitation and temperatures is likely to influence surface water availability, vegetation type, and riparian vegetation composition, which consequently may reduce available food resources and habitat for beavers. Observed shifts during warmer periods may indicate areas in the late Miocene that facilitated dispersal into North America. Future models using other predicted climatic scenarios and shared socioeconomic pathways may provide better resolution of potential future shifts in beaver distribution with best- and worst-case climate scenarios, thereby permitting at-risk areas to be prioritized for conservation in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Se brindan los resultados de una investigación en torno al comportamiento informativo del personal investigador como usuarios de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) del Instituto de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Este tipo de usuarios ocupa el primer lugar de uso de estos sistemas en comparación con otros usuarios, a saber, técnicos académicos y estudiantes. Además, cabe mencionar que el objeto de estudio de estos investigadores es el espacio geográfico, donde el mapa constituye una fuente básica de información. El planteamiento del problema para esta investigación parte de las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cuál es el perfil de los investigadores como usuarios que utilizan los sistemas de información geográfica? ¿Cómo es el comportamiento informativo de los investigadores como usuarios de los sistemas de información geográfica en el Instituto de Geografía de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México? ¿Cuáles son las variables del comportamiento informativo en el uso de los programas informáticos de sistemas de información geográfica? ¿De qué maneras el personal de las bibliotecas puede apoyar al investigador como usuario de los sistemas de información geográfica? Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa, la técnica de grupo focal.

La mayoría de las huertas históricas de origen medieval de la provincia de Almería cuentan con molinos hidráulicos como principales unidades productivas encargadas de obtener harina para el alimento de la población. De entre ellas, destaca por sus dimensiones y recursos estilísticos el conocido como el molino del “Cubo Alto” de Oria, sobre el que no recae, actualmente, ningún tipo de protección patrimonial. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en generar y difundir conocimiento en torno a dicha edificación. La existencia de planimetría asociada a la reconstrucción del molino, en el año 1818, ha posibilitado establecer tanto una comparación formal como constructiva respecto al edificio actual. Este análisis permite proponer hipótesis de las variantes existentes entre el molino colapsado inicialmente, la ejecución de las obras de reconstrucción, previstas en el siglo XIX, y las realizadas finalmente. Se utilizan las herramientas de los modelos digitales para llevar a cabo el levantamiento y el análisis del molino actual.

Background: Water is a very important material for the life of creatures in nature and its function for life cannot be replaced by other compounds. Groundwater is an important resource for humans, especially in rural areas that depend on Groundwaters as the main source of clean water. However, the quality of groundwater in many areas has decreased due to pollution from human activities, such as agriculture and industry. Method: This study aims to analyse the level of pollution risk of groundwaters in rural areas of Masama District, Banggai Regency using descriptive quantitative methods. Spatial analysis of pollution risk was conducted on 516 Groundwaters selected as samples. Spatial data is collected by recording the location of each well using GPS, which is then used to create a spatial map. The pollution risk analysis is based on the Sanitation Inspection results, using 11 key indicators. Result: The results showed that 4 Groundwaters (0.78%) were in the very high pollution risk category, 115 Groundwaters (22.29%) were in the high-risk category, 204 Groundwaters (39.53%) were classified as medium risk, and 193 Groundwaters (37.40%) had low pollution risk. The results indicate that most Groundwaters in the study area are at moderate to high risk. Groundwaters with high and very high risk are dominated by Groundwaters located in Minang Andala, Purwo Agung and Kembang Merta villages, which are agricultural areas with sufficient area and most of the people have livestock around their homes which could potentially be a source of contaminants. Conclusion: This study shows that the majority of Groundwaters in the study area have a moderate to high risk of pollution, with high and very high-risk categories found in villages that have agricultural and livestock activities. This emphasises the need for more intensive groundwater management and protection measures.

Recent archaeological and remote sensing research in the Maya Lowlands has demonstrated evidence for extensive modification of the landscape in the forms of channeled fields and upland terraces. Scholars often assume these measures were taken primarily to intensify maize production; however, paleoethnobotany highlights a greater diversity of crops grown by the precolonial Maya. This study combines the growth requirements of 18 crops cultivated by ancient Maya farmers with lidar and other geospatial data in a suitability model that maps optimal areas for growth. These 18 crops cluster into five groups of crops with similar growth requirements. Across the study region, different groupings of crops had different suitability in and around different ancient Maya centers and agricultural features. This spatial variation in suitability reflects the heterogeneity of land resources and adaptations and contributes to existing conversations about economic and settlement organization in the study area. The results of this study serve as a foundation for future field studies and more complex spatial models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background: In the Rif region of northern Morocco, terrain instabilities pose significant social, economic, and environmental challenges. The city of Chefchaouen, located in the heart of the Rif Mountain range, is particularly prone to landslides and slope instability due to its complex geology, geographic location, and periodic intense rainfall. These factors frequently trigger landslides, causing damage and disruption. Goal and Objectives: The primary goal is to create a landslide susceptibility map to support effective land-use management and risk assessment. The objectives include: Identifying and analyzing key factors contributing to landslides. Secondly, utilizing landslide susceptibility mapping to guide risk management strategies. Finaly, minimizing the socio-economic impacts of terrain instabilities in Chefchaouen. Methodology: A static method was used to assess twelve conditioning factors for landslides: geology, slope, land use, altitude, aspect, proximity to roads and rivers, soil type, and precipitation. Data collection included a landslide inventory compiled by the urban municipality of Chefchaouen, high-resolution satellite imagery, and field verifications, identifying 400 instances of terrain instability. The dataset was split into two parts: 70% for training a predictive model and 30% for testing the model's performance using the AUC (Area Under Curve) metric. Slope exposure (orientation of a slope relative to geographic north) emerged as the factor with the highest prediction rate, at 8.711. Results: The study produced a landslide susceptibility map that serves as a vital decisionmaking tool. This map highlights areas at risk and supports the development of risk management and land-use planning strategies, helping to mitigate the socioeconomic consequences of terrain instability in Chefchaouen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The size and shape of an animal's breeding territory are dynamic features influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can have important implications for survival and reproduction. Quantitative studies of variation in these territory features can generate deeper insights into animal ecology and behavior. We explored the effect of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on the size and shape of breeding territories in an island population of Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow). Our dataset consisted of 407 breeding territories belonging to 225 males sampled over 11 years. We compared territory sizes to the age of the male territorial holder, the male's reproductive strategy (monogamy vs. polygyny), the number of birds in the study population (population density), and the number of immediate territorial neighbors (local density). We found substantial variation in territory size, with territories ranging over two orders of magnitude from 57 to 5,727 m2 (0.0057–0.57 ha). Older males had larger territories, polygynous males had larger territories, territories were smaller in years with higher population density, and larger territories were associated with more immediate territorial neighbors. We also found substantial variation in territory shape, from near-circular to irregularly shaped territories. Males with more neighbors had irregularly shaped territories, but shape did not vary with male age, breeding strategy, or population density. For males that lived 2 years or longer, we found strong consistent individual differences in territory size across years, but weaker individual differences in territory shape, suggesting that size has high repeatability whereas shape has low repeatability. Our work provides evidence that songbird territories are highly dynamic, and that their size and shape reflect both intrinsic factors (age and number of breeding partners) and extrinsic factors (population density and number of territorial neighbors). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the rainfall in the territory of the Seridó Geopark - RN during the period from 2005 to 2020, considering a spatio-temporal analysis. For this purpose, precipitation data from 14 rain gauges distributed within and around the territory of the Seridó Geopark were used. The rainfall analysis was conducted based on statistical analyses and the estimation of its spatial distribution through spatial interpolation, in a GIS environment, using the IDW method. The territory of the Seridó Geopark is in a Depression Sertaneja area and has a rainy season that is concentrated in the first half of the year, covering the months from January to May, with the highest precipitation concentrations occurring from February to May. There is interannual rainfall variation with high levels and discrepancies throughout the period analyzed. Regarding the spatial variability of precipitation, it is influenced by the ITCZ and the mEa, the main atmospheric systems operating in the region, in addition to the influence of the relief exerted by the Borborema Plateau, which has a significant effect, being responsible for the reduction of moisture coming from the Atlantic Ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El arte rupestre levantino es una tradición pictórica que se caracteriza por la representación de hombres, de figuras asexuadas y, en menor medida, de mujeres. Este artículo profundiza en las representaciones femeninas del Bajo Aragón, el Maestrazgo y el Bajo Ebro, analizando la relación entre los yacimientos con estas manifestaciones y sus características visuales y sonoras, empleando como metodología procedimientos basados en Sistemas de Información Geográfica. Los resultados revelan que las figuras femeninas están presentes en sitios con diversas características, incluidos aquellos con una amplia capacidad visual y acústica, lo que sugiere una posible vinculación con la vida social y ritual asociada a la creación de las manifestaciones rupestres y, en los lugares con mayor cantidad de figuras, con lugares de agregación. Estos datos refuerzan la hipótesis de que, aunque las mujeres están representadas en menor cantidad, su presencia en sitios de relevancia simbólica subraya su papel fundamental en las comunidades prehistóricas levantinas.

La dégradation des sols est un problème écologique majeur et réel qui entrave le développement socio-économique et la sécurité alimentaire dans le monde. En Afrique subsaharienne, elle est principalement causée par la mauvaise exploitation et l’occupation anarchique des sols d’où l’apparition de sols dénudés et indurés (‘‘hardés’’), la forte baisse des rendements agricoles, la perte de pâturages naturels, la désertification et le déboisement. Dans l’optique d’inciter une gestion durable, une étude des sols sera faite à l’échelle du pédopaysage. Sur le terrain, il faut examiner les indicateurs et causes de dégradation, ensuite prélever les échantillons des sols et analyser en laboratoire, puis les données seront couplées aux variables morphométriques pour étudier les sols et leur état de dégradation grâce aux SIG et R Studio. A cet effet, la carte de dégradation réalisée exprime le degré du danger en l’occurrence la dégradation forte (13 %), modérée (33 %), faible (19 %) et très faible (33 %). Succinctement sur le terrain, elle est représentée par des figures d’érosion, des sols nus et abandonnés, dont les planosols et les vertisols sont les plus dégradés, contrairement aux sols hydromorphes, sols ferrugineux tropicaux et sols peu évolués. Les principales causes évoquées sont les facteurs naturels dont un climat défavorable et des sols pauvres en MO (≤1%), en cations échangeables, en azote et la spectrométrie de fluorescence X confirme la dégradation de ces sols par la forte dominance du SiO2 (60 à 80 %) suivi du Fe2O3 et de l’Al2O3, avec des corrélations significativement positives entre la stabilité structurale et l’argile (0,9) et entre le F2O3 et l’Al2O3 (1) ; tandis que le SiO2 est corrélé négativement avec la stabilité structurale (-0,8), l’argile (-0,7), le Fe2O3 (-0,9) et l’Al2O3 (-0.9). Au final, il ressort que les facteurs anthropiques dont les mauvaises pratiques culturales et l’explosion démographique sont des causes très sérieuses de la dégradation des sols. Cependant, la pratique de l’agroforesterie, la rotation de culture, l’intensification des méthodes de lutte antiérosive et la lutte biologique apparaissent comme des pratiques pouvant permettre de renverser la tendance.

This paper reflects on the potential and limits of repatriating state‐sanctioned historical materials and repurposing them as "counter‐archives" for Indigenous communities. This proposal aligns itself with the epistemic shift in archival studies which promotes a processual approach to archiving (archive‐as‐subject) rather than an extractive one (archive‐as‐source). Instead of taking colonial archives at face value or dismissing them entirely for their erasures, scholars and artists are finding new ways to approach, produce, and share them. This research expands the scope of counter‐cartography and historical geography by identifying different data sources that can be mapped. Mandated by a Mohawk Land Defender, I have compiled ecclesiastical archives, cadasters, and land registries from the Seminary of St. Sulpice into a "counter‐archive," then turned them into a geospatial database for use in GIS. Historically these ecclesiastical records were used by the Seminary to claim Indigenous territories, erase Indigenous presence, and attract settlers to the Seigneurie du Lac‐des‐Deux‐Montagnes, an area spanning 540 km2 west of Montreal. The repurposed counter‐archives can be used as tools for critical public discourse around Indigenous land rights. Given genuine Federal will for reconciliation, this methodology mapping land dispossession from archival cadasters and land registries could expand to other locations across Canada. Key messages: Performing these archives as a geodatabase materializes the spatial dynamics of colonization.Focusing exclusively on state‐sponsored colonial archives to retell these stories is a deliberate shift away from collecting data on the victims to collecting data on the people who caused the harm.Returning these archives to Kanehsatakeró:non women is an opportunity to use them according to the Rotinonshonni (Iroquois) Confederacy's protocols of "good use." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on social housing stigma has proliferated due to growing concern over the effects of territorial stigmatization. The stereotyping of social housing as a site of ill‐health, criminality, and low human capital stems from empirically ambiguous narratives created and recirculated through popular modes (e.g., social media platforms, news coverage). This paper combines principal component analysis, k‐means cluster analysis, and geographic information systems to create and visualize clusters denoting different levels of health, crime, human capital, and dwelling composition in the city of Toronto, Canada. The quantitative research design allows for the identification of "asymmetries," which are census tracts or neighbourhoods assigned to clusters indicative of high social housing density, and one of either sound health, low crime, or high human capital. The results reveal a spatial patterning of asymmetries in the inner city West End and Downtown, and in inner suburban North York, Etobicoke, and Scarborough. Overall, the paper illustrates the need to assess the empirical foundations of social housing stereotypes. Critically assessing stereotypes is important as they belie the rationale for social housing residents' living situations; pathologizes their identity, behaviour, and home; and generates public support for neoliberal solutions that displace long‐term residents from their communities. Key messages: Asymmetries are primarily located in the inner suburbs, and to a lesser degree in the inner city, exhibiting the suburbanization and spatial fix of stigma.Asymmetries are located in neighbourhoods at varying stages of gentrification, highlighting the lack of an empirical basis for redevelopment legitimated by stigma.Spatial statistics and GIS are viable territorial destigmatization tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical and historical research was conducted on forced internal displacement (FID) in Chiapas, Mexico. The study covers the period from 1970, when some Catholic and evangelical indigenous communities were expelled from Los Altos municipalities, to 2023, which saw displacements in municipalities along the border, as a result of the territorial dispute waged between rival drug cartels, in the midst of militarism and paramilitarism that has not ceased since 1994. Conceptually, the notion of FID is used to explain and give meaning to this type of mobility over time, and how it has led to a reconstruction of the territoriality of affected communities. Methodologically, information obtained from various sources was processed in geographic information systems, and verified in the field with GPS. This mapping that visualized the increase in FID. This research is pertinent because it analyzes this type of mobility in Chiapas based on an approach that is rarely used and because it reveals how this problem was made invisible over time. It also built geo-referenced databases on the subject, the first of their type in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on assessing groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Malda District, India, using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Topics include the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater, the identification of hazardous elements and their impact on water quality, and the use of GIS to enhance spatial understanding and management of groundwater resources.

This study discusses the use of spatial analysis metrics in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment applied to population census data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from the years 2000 and 2010 to understand the complex and multifaceted spatial mobility in Santa Catherine. For this, quantitative data collected in the different administrative regions of the state of SC were used. The phenomenon, observed in several countries, involves population density in metropolitan regions, motivated by the search for better living conditions and catalyzed by the rural exodus due to technological advances in agriculture and the employment of temporary labor. This movement, generally originating in smaller municipalities and moving towards larger ones, has significant consequences for the economic, social, and environmental dynamics of the places involved, directly affecting the quality of life of individuals. The municipalities of São Pedro de Alcântara, Ituporanga, Campo Alegre and Bom Retiro, in this 10-year period, showed a considerable rural exodus, with a drop in population of -34.48%, -5.24%, -5.29% and - 4.03% respectively, while the increase in the urban population occurred in the regions of Norte Catarinense, Vale do Itajaí and Grande Florianópolis, with emphasis on the following municipalities: Massaranduba, Garopaba, Guabiruba, Tijucas, Florianópolis, Blumenau and Joinville, with 64.31%, 42.88%, 41.65%, 38.97%, 22.01%, 21.84% and 19.97%, respectively. This information is useful for public managers in defining ways to provide resources, infrastructure, and services, given the demand for housing, sanitation, education, health, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa cultivation is one of the sectors that most contributes to Ecuador's GDP. The aim of this study is to determine the Land-Use Conflict (UC) for cocoa in 71 cities on the coast of Ecuador. Photointerpretation has been applied to locate the crop and geospatial modeling has been used to analyze Land Use Capacity (LUC) criteria, agroecological requirements and LUC at 1:5,000. Of the total study surface area, 4.65% is occupied by cocoa crops and of this value 66.03% is in adequate use (AU) and 33.97% in LUC, and the category of UC over lightly used is the most frequent with 17.25% of the total surface in LUC. In the coastal region, the province of Guayas has the lowest LUC in contrast to Los Rios; the predominant LUC for the crop is Class III 34.32%. The findings show that the LUC of cocoa has a low concordance with the national Agroecological Zoning (AZ), since this model considers the crop in natural conditions, the main limiting factor is the vegetative wet period and does not take into account whether the crop is present in the territory. The use of national AZ information to establish crops could limit their production, since it has been demonstrated that there are cultivated areas that are not in conflict and that are exploited by farmers. This study is replicable to other crops and scalable to any area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work shows how socio-spatial analysis and GIS can be applied to characterize wetlands, in this case the Cienegas del Lerma, through satellite images to obtain high-resolution data on land and vegetation, allowing a detailed understanding of the distribution of bodies of water, vegetation and urban areas. The aim of this work is to show policymakers, specially at the municipal order, key tools that contribute to a better design and more efficient policy instruments, based on current data. Likewise, to guarantee ecosystem conservation through mechanisms that will enable specialized civil servants to assess and to adjust in real time environmental policies. The Flora and Fauna Protected Area Ciénegas del Lerma is composed by the larger epicontinental wetlands in the mexican central plateau. They are classified as RAMSAR wetlands, since 2004. Since the population depend on its water-table to satisfy the water needs, the wetlands importance is crucial to Mexico City, its metropolitan area and the Toluca Valley. Also, Ciénegas del Lerma help to control floods and contribute to climate mitigation. This wetland is cradle to an important number of endemic species, like: Ambystoma lermaense, Geothlypis speciosa, Sagittaria macrophylla y Nymphaea gracilis. Additionally, it is refuge to migratory birds from the North of the continent. For all these functions, it is imperative that conservation policies succeed, but until now, this is not the case, because land use continue to change, urban sprawl is expanding, and phreatic table is overexploited. Therefore, it is urgent to show the usefulness of socio-spatial analysis for the environmental public policy design and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este trabajo se analiza el paisaje de dos monumentos megalíticos, La Mina y El Pendón, con el objeto de profundizar en las motivaciones y/o los condicionantes que llevaron a las comunidades prehistóricas a erigirlos en su ubicación concreta. Se pretende comprobar si las grandes similitudes atestiguadas en su biografía constructiva y de uso también se reflejan en lo paisajístico. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología arqueogeográfica, que plantea el análisis multidimensional del paisaje con la ayuda de herramientas SIG de análisis espacial. El estudio ha permitido documentar semejanzas, como la buena accesibilidad de ambos monumentos a vías de paso natural y recursos hídricos, así como su posible asociación simbólica a elementos singulares de la naturaleza, que podrían haber influenciado en su disposición espacial. Por contra, destaca el poco peso de variables como el dominio visual o altitudinal. Los resultados sugieren que fuesen probablemente los factores sociales o simbólicos, ligados a las decisiones humanas, los más decisivos a la hora de emplazar ambos megalitos. También parecen apuntar a que, pese a su monumentalidad, éstos no fueron construidos para ser hitos en el paisaje, ni ejercieron un rol preponderante en su configuración.

A investigação sobre o mundo funerário em contexto urbano, é limitada pela constante reutilização do espaço ao longo do tempo, bem como, pelos constrangimentos inerentes ao desenvolvimento de trabalhos arqueológicos em espaços urbanizados, o que dificulta uma leitura arqueológica das realidades envolvidas. Neste estudo exploram-se as dinâmicas da implantação dos contextos funerários do período compreendido entre os séculos III e XIII, no actual concelho de Lisboa onde, nos últimos anos, a arqueologia preventiva tem colocado a descoberto novas realidades. Para o efeito, foi desenvolvido um levantamento dos sítios tendo por base o Endovélico, recorrendo a critérios crono-espaciais, a par com fontes bibliográficas e documentais. O GeoPortal, foi essencial para a localização e inventariação dos 34 sítios, posteriormente mapeados com o software Quantum GIS. Pretende-se contribuir para o preenchimento de lacunas no conhecimento sobre a paisagem funerária no período compreendido entre o declínio da administração romana e a implementação de cemitérios paroquiais e, consequentemente, atendendo à separação do mundo dos mortos, do mundo dos vivos, para uma melhor leitura do urbanismo da cidade.

Una problemática a nivel mundial es la pérdida de cobertura boscosa, por lo que su protección es prioridad en Cuba, además de formar parte del plan del estado para enfrentamiento al cambio climático. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la dinámica espacio-temporal del cambio de cobertura boscosa acontecida entre los años 2015 y 2023 en la cuenca hidrográfica “San Juan”, provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Se realizó el análisis multitemporal y clasificación supervisada de imágenes satelitales Landsat 8, bandas 6-5-4 del sensor OLI-TRS, procesadas en el software profesional QGIS v-3.24. Se catalogó la cobertura en cuatro categorías y se determinó el área de cobertura boscosa. Como resultado se obtuvo que índice de boscocidad disminuyó en 1.32%, con una afectación de 182 ha de cobertura boscosa de la cuenca.

La investigación se centra en analizar el impacto de la contaminación por nitrato en las masas de aguas subterráneas de la Demarcación Hidrológica del Segura bajo un enfoque fuente-vía-receptor y su particular incidencia en el área de captación de la laguna litoral del Mar Menor, con los siguientes objetivos específicos: (1) valorar la eficacia de las zonas vulnerables a la contaminación por nitrato (ZVNs) mediante el análisis estadístico de los niveles de contaminación en sus masas de agua subterránea durante el periodo 2010-2021; (2) analizar la distribución actual del nitrato en las masas de agua subterránea para identificar las zonas contaminadas y en riesgo; (3) delimitar y caracterizar las áreas de captación de las zonas afectadas por la contaminación; y (4) explorar el papel del medio físico y de los usos del suelo en la distribución de las zonas contaminadas por nitrato mediante el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) de sus áreas de captación. Dado el grave estado de degradación ambiental del Mar Menor, se analiza con especial atención la incidencia de la contaminación por nitrato en las aguas subterráneas (receptoras primarias) que drenan a la laguna (receptora secundaria) y se identifican los territorios que conforman su área de captación. No se han observado diferencias interanuales estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de nitrato de las masas de agua subterránea afectadas por contaminación de nitrato durante el periodo 2010-2021, lo que sugiere que las ZVNs designadas en la Demarcación del Segura no parecen estar cumpliendo, por el momento, con las expectativas de reducir la contaminación. Utilizando el área de captación de las zonas contaminadas como unidad de análisis, el ACP evidenció la relación directa entre la extensión de las superficies contaminadas y la agricultura intensiva de cultivos de herbáceos en regadío, cítricos y frutales (grupos de cultivos que presentan los mayores excedentes anuales de N de la Demarcación). En contraposición, las áreas de montaña, con abundancia de bosques y escasa presencia agrícola, constituyen un claro elemento protector para los recursos hídricos frente a los procesos de contaminación por el nitrato procedente de fuentes difusas. La situación de emergencia ecológica del Mar Menor es consecuencia de su grave estado de eutrofización, al que contribuye el sobreexceso de N procedente de descargas subterráneas ricas en nitrato desde el acuífero Cuaternario de la masa de agua Campo de Cartagena. A la vista de los resultados y como paso previo al reforzamiento de los programas de acción de las ZVNs de la Demarcación del Segura, se propone analizar la idoneidad de las 89 ZVNs designadas en la Demarcación mediante validaciones frente a un mapa de vulnerabilidad específica a la contaminación por nitrato y revisarlas si procede.

This report presents new documentation of the external canal in the Late Postclassic site of Tetzcotzinco in the municipality of Texcoco, Mexico. This structure was previously considered a waterwork separate from the monumental water-management system discovered in the central part of the site. However, reanalysis of the course of this canal allowed us to reassess its function and revise the existing Tetzcotzinco maps. We propose that this structure formed part of the main water-management system of the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the historical and contemporary significance of visibility in human interactions with their environments, particularly in the context of archaeology and the application of geographic information systems (GIS) for visibility analysis. The study highlights the role of visibility analysis in investigating not only the physical visibility of features in landscapes but also the cultural significance associated with seeing or not seeing them. It draws from the 'visibility relates' principle, which argues that individuals tend to establish connections with visible entities. The focus is on comparing nineteenth-century urban settlements (Kaditshwene, Molokwane, and Marothodi) in the Magaliesberg region of South Africa, particularly examining the strategic positioning of kraals within these Sotho-Tswana farming communities. These settlements are some of the more popular Late Farming Communities (AD 1300–1840) in South Africa; hence, they have archaeological background and are among the few, if not the only ones, that have LiDAR data coverage. The findings reveal distinctions in visibility at both settlement and household scalar levels, with Kaditshwene standing out as different from Marothodi and Molokwane. This suggests that kraals were strategically located to be more or less visible based on specific settlement circumstances, such as attracting people from other communities and concerns about cattle theft. This study contributes to GIS approaches to archaeological sites and landscapes in Africa and calls for more extensive use of geospatial statistics in African archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the summer of 2022, Tulane University, in collaboration with archaeologists from other institutions, began excavations at the site of Pompeii. The archaeological work was focused on Insula 14 of Region 1, located in the southeastern sector of the site. To overcome the challenges of recording a complex urban excavation, and of working with a collaborative team, we designed and implemented a unique workflow that combines paperless and 3D data-capture methods through the use of GIS technologies. The final product of our documentation workflow was a robust and easy-to-use online geodatabase where archaeologists can revisit, explore, visualize, and analyze each excavated context using virtual tools. We present our workflow for digitally documenting observational and spatial data in the field, and how we made these data available to project archaeologists during and after the field season. First, we describe the development of digital forms in ESRI's Survey123. Then, we explain our procedures for 3D documentation through SfM photogrammetric methods and discuss how we integrated the data and transformed it into an accessible format by using interactive dashboards and online 3D web scenes. Finally, we discuss the components of our workflow that are broadly applicable and that can easily be adapted to other projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we explore the text of more than 16,000 historical markers erected in Texas since 1936 to try and understand how the state tells its story to the public. To do so, we use geographic information systems (kernel density and Moran's I statistics) and corpus linguistics (CL) to determine the where, what, who, when, and how of commemoration in Texas. Our results show very distinct spatiotemporal and thematic patterns in the distribution of markers in Texas, with markers concentrated in the eastern half of the state and in the most populated areas. As measured by kernel density, cores of commemoration moved from Austin in the 1930s through the 1960s to Dallas in the 1970s and 1980s and then to Houston in the 1990s through the 2010s. What emerges from CL's semantical analysis is a thematical transition that occurred in the 1970s and continues today, from narratives of war and conflict to narratives of peace, family, and community. As measured by Moran's I statistics, this shift is especially evident in the populous eastern part of the state. Overall, the markers offer a vision of Texas as a unique land shaped by interactions between multiple groups in the context of a historic borderland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth and development of communities are affected by various social and cultural problems that can hinder their proper functioning. Among these problems, insecurity stands out as one of the most significant, which is why government authorities require a considerable commitment to mitigate its impact on the population. In this context, a coverage analysis using geographic accessibility is proposed, with the objective of evaluating the current situation of the security equipment system in the municipality of Pitalito, Huila. The purpose of this analysis is to identify areas with deficiencies and propose appropriate solutions. The evaluation methodology proposes the use of geostatistical models implemented through statistical and GIS type software (Geographic Information Systems); these allow the generation of graphs and images that facilitate the interpretation of the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Reducing urban environmental inequity is one of the main objectives in advancing towards more sustainable cities. This situation implies developing tools that allow for an integrated assessment environmental and social impacts, to reveal inequalities in the distribution of resources and environmental risks. Applying indicators by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and statistical tools can be a valid option for fulfilling this aim, since it allows for territorial patterns in disparities to be exposed. The aim of this work is to identify and classify the environmental equity indicators applied to date in studies that use statistical methods and GIS for processing and analysing them. Thus, a scoping review was conducted using the SALSA Framework and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews protocol based on the Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo databases. A total of 31 articles were identified that fulfilled the search criteria and which were developed mainly by countries in North American and Europe. They involved 167 different indicators that demonstrate the complexity and heterogeneity in addressing this topic. Negative aspects of the environment such as pollution, and social factors such as the socioeconomic status, were the most used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Las investigaciones en el campo de las geociencias y su enseñanza cada vez se hacen más importantes para la sustentabilidad ambiental. Su carácter transdisciplinario ha propiciado diálogos entre las diversas ciencias que la conforman con el patrimonio cultural, la historia y la educación ambiental urbana, a partir de la determinación de potenciales educativas en ambientes no convencionales. Metodológicamente, se configuró de tipo proyectiva, nivel comprensivo soportado en una investigación de campo, que tiene por objeto proponer un procedimiento metodológico para el diseño y elaboración de cartografía temática para rutas geoeducativas en la ciudad de Caracas, Venezuela; a fin de facilitar a los investigadores insumos básicos para sus trabajos de investigación. Se organizó en dos fases: diagnóstico y la propuesta. Con la aplicación de las herramientas de la geomática se aspira la orientación y motivación al diseño y desarrollo de estas rutas como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza de las geociencias.

Este trabajo utiliza el análisis socioespacial y los SIG para caracterizar las Ciénegas del Lerma, a través de imágenes satelitales para obtener datos de alta resolución sobre el suelo y la vegetación, permitiendo una comprensión detallada de la distribución de cuerpos de agua, vegetación y áreas urbanas. El objetivo es aportar herramientas para los hacedores de políticas públicas, en particular aquellos del orden municipal, que les permitan diseñar instrumentos de política pública más eficientes y precisos con datos vigentes. Asimismo, contribuir en el diseño de mecanismos de evaluación que permitan ajustar los programas públicos de gestión ambiental para garantizar la conservación de los ecosistemas. El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna (APFyF) Ciénegas del Lerma (2002) la constituyen los humedales epicontinentales más extensos de la altiplanicie central de México, catalogados también como sitio Ramsar, desde 2004. Su importancia es crucial para la Ciudad de México, su zona conurbada y el valle de Toluca, porque dependen de su manto fréatico para abastecerse de agua potable. Asimismo, son un amortiguador de inundaciones, recargan el acuífero y regulan el clima. Contienen una importante cantidad de especies endémicas, tanto de flora como fauna, entre ellas: el ajolote del Lerma (Ambystoma lermaense), la mascarita transvolcánica (Geothlypis speciosa), la papa de agua o aplacol (Sagittaria macrophylla) y el zazamol (Nymphaea gracilis). También es refugio de aves migratorias del norte del continente americano. Por todas estas funciones es crucial que su conservación sea exitosa, lo cual, hasta ahora no se ha podido garantizar porque se acelera el cambio de uso de suelo, la dispersión de asentamientos urbanos irregulares y la sobreexplotación del manto acuífero. Por lo tanto, se reconoce la utilidad del análisis socioespacial en la generación de información georreferenciada para el diseño y evaluación de política pública ambiental.

Se evalúa la accesibilidad en la Región de Ñuble que tiene en cuenta las características de la red vial, la distancia entre centros poblados y las particularidades demográficas, para ello se recurre a un modelo que considera tiempos de viajes y la morfología regional. Mediante el análisis global de la red y la utilización de técnicas de análisis geográfico y SIG se relacionan las características de la red con 93 centros poblados, que zonifican espacios de niveles de accesibilidad. Esto evidencia el estado de la conectividad regional, se destaca la centralidad que caracteriza la ocupación del llano central y la importancia gravitacional que la ciudad de Chillán tiene en el circuito trazado por la red vial, se evidencia un segundo elemento de análisis que explica parcialmente, las relaciones complejas que, con un carácter asimétrico, mantienen las diferentes localidades con la capital regional, que determinan espacios de crecimiento para el diseño de estrategias y políticas de desarrollo en la región.

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a la caracterización del uso humano del espacio de la región de Melipeuco (Provincia de Cautín, La Araucanía, Chile), considerando tendencias espaciales de los asentamientos en el área durante el Holoceno y los factores y procesos naturales y humanos que influyeron en ello. Se realiza una jerarquización del paisaje considerando la incidencia del marco topográfico y su relación con variables hídricas, bioclimáticas de temperatura, humedad, estacionalidad y de biomasa fotosintéticamente activa. A partir de los resultados, se generan expectativas sobre las tendencias espaciales y temporales preliminares en la distribución de los sitios con relación a la heterogeneidad ambiental. A partir de estos datos se construye un modelo SIG que sugiere cierto grado de variabilidad y heterogeneidad en el uso de estos entornos andinos de Sudamérica.