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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The size and shape of an animal's breeding territory are dynamic features influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can have important implications for survival and reproduction. Quantitative studies of variation in these territory features can generate deeper insights into animal ecology and behavior. We explored the effect of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on the size and shape of breeding territories in an island population of Passerculus sandwichensis (Savannah Sparrow). Our dataset consisted of 407 breeding territories belonging to 225 males sampled over 11 years. We compared territory sizes to the age of the male territorial holder, the male's reproductive strategy (monogamy vs. polygyny), the number of birds in the study population (population density), and the number of immediate territorial neighbors (local density). We found substantial variation in territory size, with territories ranging over two orders of magnitude from 57 to 5,727 m2 (0.0057–0.57 ha). Older males had larger territories, polygynous males had larger territories, territories were smaller in years with higher population density, and larger territories were associated with more immediate territorial neighbors. We also found substantial variation in territory shape, from near-circular to irregularly shaped territories. Males with more neighbors had irregularly shaped territories, but shape did not vary with male age, breeding strategy, or population density. For males that lived 2 years or longer, we found strong consistent individual differences in territory size across years, but weaker individual differences in territory shape, suggesting that size has high repeatability whereas shape has low repeatability. Our work provides evidence that songbird territories are highly dynamic, and that their size and shape reflect both intrinsic factors (age and number of breeding partners) and extrinsic factors (population density and number of territorial neighbors). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research on social housing stigma has proliferated due to growing concern over the effects of territorial stigmatization. The stereotyping of social housing as a site of ill‐health, criminality, and low human capital stems from empirically ambiguous narratives created and recirculated through popular modes (e.g., social media platforms, news coverage). This paper combines principal component analysis, k‐means cluster analysis, and geographic information systems to create and visualize clusters denoting different levels of health, crime, human capital, and dwelling composition in the city of Toronto, Canada. The quantitative research design allows for the identification of "asymmetries," which are census tracts or neighbourhoods assigned to clusters indicative of high social housing density, and one of either sound health, low crime, or high human capital. The results reveal a spatial patterning of asymmetries in the inner city West End and Downtown, and in inner suburban North York, Etobicoke, and Scarborough. Overall, the paper illustrates the need to assess the empirical foundations of social housing stereotypes. Critically assessing stereotypes is important as they belie the rationale for social housing residents' living situations; pathologizes their identity, behaviour, and home; and generates public support for neoliberal solutions that displace long‐term residents from their communities. Key messages: Asymmetries are primarily located in the inner suburbs, and to a lesser degree in the inner city, exhibiting the suburbanization and spatial fix of stigma.Asymmetries are located in neighbourhoods at varying stages of gentrification, highlighting the lack of an empirical basis for redevelopment legitimated by stigma.Spatial statistics and GIS are viable territorial destigmatization tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the potential and limits of repatriating state‐sanctioned historical materials and repurposing them as "counter‐archives" for Indigenous communities. This proposal aligns itself with the epistemic shift in archival studies which promotes a processual approach to archiving (archive‐as‐subject) rather than an extractive one (archive‐as‐source). Instead of taking colonial archives at face value or dismissing them entirely for their erasures, scholars and artists are finding new ways to approach, produce, and share them. This research expands the scope of counter‐cartography and historical geography by identifying different data sources that can be mapped. Mandated by a Mohawk Land Defender, I have compiled ecclesiastical archives, cadasters, and land registries from the Seminary of St. Sulpice into a "counter‐archive," then turned them into a geospatial database for use in GIS. Historically these ecclesiastical records were used by the Seminary to claim Indigenous territories, erase Indigenous presence, and attract settlers to the Seigneurie du Lac‐des‐Deux‐Montagnes, an area spanning 540 km2 west of Montreal. The repurposed counter‐archives can be used as tools for critical public discourse around Indigenous land rights. Given genuine Federal will for reconciliation, this methodology mapping land dispossession from archival cadasters and land registries could expand to other locations across Canada. Key messages: Performing these archives as a geodatabase materializes the spatial dynamics of colonization.Focusing exclusively on state‐sponsored colonial archives to retell these stories is a deliberate shift away from collecting data on the victims to collecting data on the people who caused the harm.Returning these archives to Kanehsatakeró:non women is an opportunity to use them according to the Rotinonshonni (Iroquois) Confederacy's protocols of "good use." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographical and historical research was conducted on forced internal displacement (FID) in Chiapas, Mexico. The study covers the period from 1970, when some Catholic and evangelical indigenous communities were expelled from Los Altos municipalities, to 2023, which saw displacements in municipalities along the border, as a result of the territorial dispute waged between rival drug cartels, in the midst of militarism and paramilitarism that has not ceased since 1994. Conceptually, the notion of FID is used to explain and give meaning to this type of mobility over time, and how it has led to a reconstruction of the territoriality of affected communities. Methodologically, information obtained from various sources was processed in geographic information systems, and verified in the field with GPS. This mapping that visualized the increase in FID. This research is pertinent because it analyzes this type of mobility in Chiapas based on an approach that is rarely used and because it reveals how this problem was made invisible over time. It also built geo-referenced databases on the subject, the first of their type in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on assessing groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Malda District, India, using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Topics include the physicochemical characteristics of groundwater, the identification of hazardous elements and their impact on water quality, and the use of GIS to enhance spatial understanding and management of groundwater resources.

A investigação sobre o mundo funerário em contexto urbano, é limitada pela constante reutilização do espaço ao longo do tempo, bem como, pelos constrangimentos inerentes ao desenvolvimento de trabalhos arqueológicos em espaços urbanizados, o que dificulta uma leitura arqueológica das realidades envolvidas. Neste estudo exploram-se as dinâmicas da implantação dos contextos funerários do período compreendido entre os séculos III e XIII, no actual concelho de Lisboa onde, nos últimos anos, a arqueologia preventiva tem colocado a descoberto novas realidades. Para o efeito, foi desenvolvido um levantamento dos sítios tendo por base o Endovélico, recorrendo a critérios crono-espaciais, a par com fontes bibliográficas e documentais. O GeoPortal, foi essencial para a localização e inventariação dos 34 sítios, posteriormente mapeados com o software Quantum GIS. Pretende-se contribuir para o preenchimento de lacunas no conhecimento sobre a paisagem funerária no período compreendido entre o declínio da administração romana e a implementação de cemitérios paroquiais e, consequentemente, atendendo à separação do mundo dos mortos, do mundo dos vivos, para uma melhor leitura do urbanismo da cidade.

Una problemática a nivel mundial es la pérdida de cobertura boscosa, por lo que su protección es prioridad en Cuba, además de formar parte del plan del estado para enfrentamiento al cambio climático. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en evaluar la dinámica espacio-temporal del cambio de cobertura boscosa acontecida entre los años 2015 y 2023 en la cuenca hidrográfica “San Juan”, provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Se realizó el análisis multitemporal y clasificación supervisada de imágenes satelitales Landsat 8, bandas 6-5-4 del sensor OLI-TRS, procesadas en el software profesional QGIS v-3.24. Se catalogó la cobertura en cuatro categorías y se determinó el área de cobertura boscosa. Como resultado se obtuvo que índice de boscocidad disminuyó en 1.32%, con una afectación de 182 ha de cobertura boscosa de la cuenca.

This study discusses the use of spatial analysis metrics in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment applied to population census data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from the years 2000 and 2010 to understand the complex and multifaceted spatial mobility in Santa Catherine. For this, quantitative data collected in the different administrative regions of the state of SC were used. The phenomenon, observed in several countries, involves population density in metropolitan regions, motivated by the search for better living conditions and catalyzed by the rural exodus due to technological advances in agriculture and the employment of temporary labor. This movement, generally originating in smaller municipalities and moving towards larger ones, has significant consequences for the economic, social, and environmental dynamics of the places involved, directly affecting the quality of life of individuals. The municipalities of São Pedro de Alcântara, Ituporanga, Campo Alegre and Bom Retiro, in this 10-year period, showed a considerable rural exodus, with a drop in population of -34.48%, -5.24%, -5.29% and - 4.03% respectively, while the increase in the urban population occurred in the regions of Norte Catarinense, Vale do Itajaí and Grande Florianópolis, with emphasis on the following municipalities: Massaranduba, Garopaba, Guabiruba, Tijucas, Florianópolis, Blumenau and Joinville, with 64.31%, 42.88%, 41.65%, 38.97%, 22.01%, 21.84% and 19.97%, respectively. This information is useful for public managers in defining ways to provide resources, infrastructure, and services, given the demand for housing, sanitation, education, health, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work shows how socio-spatial analysis and GIS can be applied to characterize wetlands, in this case the Cienegas del Lerma, through satellite images to obtain high-resolution data on land and vegetation, allowing a detailed understanding of the distribution of bodies of water, vegetation and urban areas. The aim of this work is to show policymakers, specially at the municipal order, key tools that contribute to a better design and more efficient policy instruments, based on current data. Likewise, to guarantee ecosystem conservation through mechanisms that will enable specialized civil servants to assess and to adjust in real time environmental policies. The Flora and Fauna Protected Area Ciénegas del Lerma is composed by the larger epicontinental wetlands in the mexican central plateau. They are classified as RAMSAR wetlands, since 2004. Since the population depend on its water-table to satisfy the water needs, the wetlands importance is crucial to Mexico City, its metropolitan area and the Toluca Valley. Also, Ciénegas del Lerma help to control floods and contribute to climate mitigation. This wetland is cradle to an important number of endemic species, like: Ambystoma lermaense, Geothlypis speciosa, Sagittaria macrophylla y Nymphaea gracilis. Additionally, it is refuge to migratory birds from the North of the continent. For all these functions, it is imperative that conservation policies succeed, but until now, this is not the case, because land use continue to change, urban sprawl is expanding, and phreatic table is overexploited. Therefore, it is urgent to show the usefulness of socio-spatial analysis for the environmental public policy design and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocoa cultivation is one of the sectors that most contributes to Ecuador's GDP. The aim of this study is to determine the Land-Use Conflict (UC) for cocoa in 71 cities on the coast of Ecuador. Photointerpretation has been applied to locate the crop and geospatial modeling has been used to analyze Land Use Capacity (LUC) criteria, agroecological requirements and LUC at 1:5,000. Of the total study surface area, 4.65% is occupied by cocoa crops and of this value 66.03% is in adequate use (AU) and 33.97% in LUC, and the category of UC over lightly used is the most frequent with 17.25% of the total surface in LUC. In the coastal region, the province of Guayas has the lowest LUC in contrast to Los Rios; the predominant LUC for the crop is Class III 34.32%. The findings show that the LUC of cocoa has a low concordance with the national Agroecological Zoning (AZ), since this model considers the crop in natural conditions, the main limiting factor is the vegetative wet period and does not take into account whether the crop is present in the territory. The use of national AZ information to establish crops could limit their production, since it has been demonstrated that there are cultivated areas that are not in conflict and that are exploited by farmers. This study is replicable to other crops and scalable to any area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the historical and contemporary significance of visibility in human interactions with their environments, particularly in the context of archaeology and the application of geographic information systems (GIS) for visibility analysis. The study highlights the role of visibility analysis in investigating not only the physical visibility of features in landscapes but also the cultural significance associated with seeing or not seeing them. It draws from the 'visibility relates' principle, which argues that individuals tend to establish connections with visible entities. The focus is on comparing nineteenth-century urban settlements (Kaditshwene, Molokwane, and Marothodi) in the Magaliesberg region of South Africa, particularly examining the strategic positioning of kraals within these Sotho-Tswana farming communities. These settlements are some of the more popular Late Farming Communities (AD 1300–1840) in South Africa; hence, they have archaeological background and are among the few, if not the only ones, that have LiDAR data coverage. The findings reveal distinctions in visibility at both settlement and household scalar levels, with Kaditshwene standing out as different from Marothodi and Molokwane. This suggests that kraals were strategically located to be more or less visible based on specific settlement circumstances, such as attracting people from other communities and concerns about cattle theft. This study contributes to GIS approaches to archaeological sites and landscapes in Africa and calls for more extensive use of geospatial statistics in African archaeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the summer of 2022, Tulane University, in collaboration with archaeologists from other institutions, began excavations at the site of Pompeii. The archaeological work was focused on Insula 14 of Region 1, located in the southeastern sector of the site. To overcome the challenges of recording a complex urban excavation, and of working with a collaborative team, we designed and implemented a unique workflow that combines paperless and 3D data-capture methods through the use of GIS technologies. The final product of our documentation workflow was a robust and easy-to-use online geodatabase where archaeologists can revisit, explore, visualize, and analyze each excavated context using virtual tools. We present our workflow for digitally documenting observational and spatial data in the field, and how we made these data available to project archaeologists during and after the field season. First, we describe the development of digital forms in ESRI's Survey123. Then, we explain our procedures for 3D documentation through SfM photogrammetric methods and discuss how we integrated the data and transformed it into an accessible format by using interactive dashboards and online 3D web scenes. Finally, we discuss the components of our workflow that are broadly applicable and that can easily be adapted to other projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth and development of communities are affected by various social and cultural problems that can hinder their proper functioning. Among these problems, insecurity stands out as one of the most significant, which is why government authorities require a considerable commitment to mitigate its impact on the population. In this context, a coverage analysis using geographic accessibility is proposed, with the objective of evaluating the current situation of the security equipment system in the municipality of Pitalito, Huila. The purpose of this analysis is to identify areas with deficiencies and propose appropriate solutions. The evaluation methodology proposes the use of geostatistical models implemented through statistical and GIS type software (Geographic Information Systems); these allow the generation of graphs and images that facilitate the interpretation of the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we explore the text of more than 16,000 historical markers erected in Texas since 1936 to try and understand how the state tells its story to the public. To do so, we use geographic information systems (kernel density and Moran's I statistics) and corpus linguistics (CL) to determine the where, what, who, when, and how of commemoration in Texas. Our results show very distinct spatiotemporal and thematic patterns in the distribution of markers in Texas, with markers concentrated in the eastern half of the state and in the most populated areas. As measured by kernel density, cores of commemoration moved from Austin in the 1930s through the 1960s to Dallas in the 1970s and 1980s and then to Houston in the 1990s through the 2010s. What emerges from CL's semantical analysis is a thematical transition that occurred in the 1970s and continues today, from narratives of war and conflict to narratives of peace, family, and community. As measured by Moran's I statistics, this shift is especially evident in the populous eastern part of the state. Overall, the markers offer a vision of Texas as a unique land shaped by interactions between multiple groups in the context of a historic borderland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La investigación se centra en analizar el impacto de la contaminación por nitrato en las masas de aguas subterráneas de la Demarcación Hidrológica del Segura bajo un enfoque fuente-vía-receptor y su particular incidencia en el área de captación de la laguna litoral del Mar Menor, con los siguientes objetivos específicos: (1) valorar la eficacia de las zonas vulnerables a la contaminación por nitrato (ZVNs) mediante el análisis estadístico de los niveles de contaminación en sus masas de agua subterránea durante el periodo 2010-2021; (2) analizar la distribución actual del nitrato en las masas de agua subterránea para identificar las zonas contaminadas y en riesgo; (3) delimitar y caracterizar las áreas de captación de las zonas afectadas por la contaminación; y (4) explorar el papel del medio físico y de los usos del suelo en la distribución de las zonas contaminadas por nitrato mediante el análisis de componentes principales (ACP) de sus áreas de captación. Dado el grave estado de degradación ambiental del Mar Menor, se analiza con especial atención la incidencia de la contaminación por nitrato en las aguas subterráneas (receptoras primarias) que drenan a la laguna (receptora secundaria) y se identifican los territorios que conforman su área de captación. No se han observado diferencias interanuales estadísticamente significativas en los niveles de nitrato de las masas de agua subterránea afectadas por contaminación de nitrato durante el periodo 2010-2021, lo que sugiere que las ZVNs designadas en la Demarcación del Segura no parecen estar cumpliendo, por el momento, con las expectativas de reducir la contaminación. Utilizando el área de captación de las zonas contaminadas como unidad de análisis, el ACP evidenció la relación directa entre la extensión de las superficies contaminadas y la agricultura intensiva de cultivos de herbáceos en regadío, cítricos y frutales (grupos de cultivos que presentan los mayores excedentes anuales de N de la Demarcación). En contraposición, las áreas de montaña, con abundancia de bosques y escasa presencia agrícola, constituyen un claro elemento protector para los recursos hídricos frente a los procesos de contaminación por el nitrato procedente de fuentes difusas. La situación de emergencia ecológica del Mar Menor es consecuencia de su grave estado de eutrofización, al que contribuye el sobreexceso de N procedente de descargas subterráneas ricas en nitrato desde el acuífero Cuaternario de la masa de agua Campo de Cartagena. A la vista de los resultados y como paso previo al reforzamiento de los programas de acción de las ZVNs de la Demarcación del Segura, se propone analizar la idoneidad de las 89 ZVNs designadas en la Demarcación mediante validaciones frente a un mapa de vulnerabilidad específica a la contaminación por nitrato y revisarlas si procede.

Este trabajo utiliza el análisis socioespacial y los SIG para caracterizar las Ciénegas del Lerma, a través de imágenes satelitales para obtener datos de alta resolución sobre el suelo y la vegetación, permitiendo una comprensión detallada de la distribución de cuerpos de agua, vegetación y áreas urbanas. El objetivo es aportar herramientas para los hacedores de políticas públicas, en particular aquellos del orden municipal, que les permitan diseñar instrumentos de política pública más eficientes y precisos con datos vigentes. Asimismo, contribuir en el diseño de mecanismos de evaluación que permitan ajustar los programas públicos de gestión ambiental para garantizar la conservación de los ecosistemas. El Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna (APFyF) Ciénegas del Lerma (2002) la constituyen los humedales epicontinentales más extensos de la altiplanicie central de México, catalogados también como sitio Ramsar, desde 2004. Su importancia es crucial para la Ciudad de México, su zona conurbada y el valle de Toluca, porque dependen de su manto fréatico para abastecerse de agua potable. Asimismo, son un amortiguador de inundaciones, recargan el acuífero y regulan el clima. Contienen una importante cantidad de especies endémicas, tanto de flora como fauna, entre ellas: el ajolote del Lerma (Ambystoma lermaense), la mascarita transvolcánica (Geothlypis speciosa), la papa de agua o aplacol (Sagittaria macrophylla) y el zazamol (Nymphaea gracilis). También es refugio de aves migratorias del norte del continente americano. Por todas estas funciones es crucial que su conservación sea exitosa, lo cual, hasta ahora no se ha podido garantizar porque se acelera el cambio de uso de suelo, la dispersión de asentamientos urbanos irregulares y la sobreexplotación del manto acuífero. Por lo tanto, se reconoce la utilidad del análisis socioespacial en la generación de información georreferenciada para el diseño y evaluación de política pública ambiental.

Las investigaciones en el campo de las geociencias y su enseñanza cada vez se hacen más importantes para la sustentabilidad ambiental. Su carácter transdisciplinario ha propiciado diálogos entre las diversas ciencias que la conforman con el patrimonio cultural, la historia y la educación ambiental urbana, a partir de la determinación de potenciales educativas en ambientes no convencionales. Metodológicamente, se configuró de tipo proyectiva, nivel comprensivo soportado en una investigación de campo, que tiene por objeto proponer un procedimiento metodológico para el diseño y elaboración de cartografía temática para rutas geoeducativas en la ciudad de Caracas, Venezuela; a fin de facilitar a los investigadores insumos básicos para sus trabajos de investigación. Se organizó en dos fases: diagnóstico y la propuesta. Con la aplicación de las herramientas de la geomática se aspira la orientación y motivación al diseño y desarrollo de estas rutas como estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza de las geociencias.

Se evalúa la accesibilidad en la Región de Ñuble que tiene en cuenta las características de la red vial, la distancia entre centros poblados y las particularidades demográficas, para ello se recurre a un modelo que considera tiempos de viajes y la morfología regional. Mediante el análisis global de la red y la utilización de técnicas de análisis geográfico y SIG se relacionan las características de la red con 93 centros poblados, que zonifican espacios de niveles de accesibilidad. Esto evidencia el estado de la conectividad regional, se destaca la centralidad que caracteriza la ocupación del llano central y la importancia gravitacional que la ciudad de Chillán tiene en el circuito trazado por la red vial, se evidencia un segundo elemento de análisis que explica parcialmente, las relaciones complejas que, con un carácter asimétrico, mantienen las diferentes localidades con la capital regional, que determinan espacios de crecimiento para el diseño de estrategias y políticas de desarrollo en la región.

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a la caracterización del uso humano del espacio de la región de Melipeuco (Provincia de Cautín, La Araucanía, Chile), considerando tendencias espaciales de los asentamientos en el área durante el Holoceno y los factores y procesos naturales y humanos que influyeron en ello. Se realiza una jerarquización del paisaje considerando la incidencia del marco topográfico y su relación con variables hídricas, bioclimáticas de temperatura, humedad, estacionalidad y de biomasa fotosintéticamente activa. A partir de los resultados, se generan expectativas sobre las tendencias espaciales y temporales preliminares en la distribución de los sitios con relación a la heterogeneidad ambiental. A partir de estos datos se construye un modelo SIG que sugiere cierto grado de variabilidad y heterogeneidad en el uso de estos entornos andinos de Sudamérica.

El análisis de los aspectos geográficos contenidos en las «Visitas» –uno de los mecanismos de control administrativo más utilizados por la corona española en los territorios americanos, y en donde aparecen el nombre de pueblos y demarcaciones políticas– proporciona una nueva perspectiva de la organización territorial indígena. Por ello, en este trabajo se van a emplear los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para intentar acercarnos a las lógicas territoriales de esa época a través de la cartografía, ya que las poblaciones y las toponimias que aún perduran son una huella importante de la organización del espacio en aquellos tiempos. Además, se realizará un análisis textual de los documentos originales de esas visitas, buscando distinguir los elementos basados en fuentes indígenas, como es el caso de la forma de ordenar y agrupar los pueblos, relacionándolos con la territorialidad indígena y con el instrumento en que se registraba ese tipo de información, los denominados «Quipus».

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Copyright of Sudo Jurnal Teknik Informatika is the property of Ilmu Bersama Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El presente artículo analiza los pasos clave para la integración de las normas internacionales ISO 9001:2015 (Sistemas de gestión de la calidad – Requisitos), ISO 17020:2012 (Evaluación de la Conformidad. Requisitos para el funcionamiento de diversos tipos de organismos que realizan inspecciones) e ISO 17025:2017 (Requisitos generales para la competencia de los laboratorios de ensayo y calibración) enfocado a organismos de evaluación de la conformidad como unidad de inspección y laboratorio de calibración en México que aborda las necesidades del sector hidrocarburos, con el propósito de homologar los procesos para la conformación de un Sistema Integrado de Gestión (SIG) que cumpla con los requisitos de las normas en cuestión; dicha metodología consta básicamente de 4 etapas, las cuales son: Análisis e identificación de requisitos similares y divergentes, compromiso de la alta dirección, identificación de las partes interesadas y desarrollo de un marco de integración; esta metodología de integración se realizó porque los laboratorios de calibración y unidades de inspección que ofrecen servicios al sector de hidrocarburos requieren un enfoque integral y adaptado por su compromiso con la calidad y cumplimientos normativos. Por lo tanto, se concluye que al aplicar la metodología se logró de manera correcta la integración de las normas internacionales de interés, obteniendo así la trazabilidad de los procesos, lo que aumenta la eficiencia operativa de los organismos ante los servicios ofrecidos al sector de hidrocarburos en la cadena de valor (Upstream, Midstream y Downstream).

El empleo de sensores remotos junto a la información de los factores sociales propios de cada población permite el monitoreo del uso de los recursos naturales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el cambio y proyección a futuro de los usos y coberturas de suelo, y a la vez comprender, desde la perspectiva de los principales actores, los factores propulsores y subyacentes que impulsan estos cambios en la cuenca hidrográfica media-alta del río Mira. Para ello, se utilizaron imágenes multiespectrales, Landsat y Sentinel del año 1996, 2007 y 2018, a las cuales se las realizó un pretratamiento y tratamiento. Se efectuó una proyección de los cambios de coberturas y usos del suelo del 2018-2030 mediante el software TerrSet. Después, utilizando el método Delphi se identificaron los factores propulsores y subyacentes. Los resultados encontrados muestran que bosques y pastos presentaron una disminución sostenida, mientras que las áreas de cultivo y zonas urbanas aumentaron dentro de los periodos 1996-2018 y 2018-2030. Estos cambios se relacionan con el crecimiento urbano, agrícola, ganadero, minero y de la industria forestal; impulsados generalmente por el aumento poblacional, demanda de mercado, cambios de patrones de consumo, expansión de las carreteras e inexistencia de políticas ambientales.

Objetivo da Investigação: Caracterização do Potencial de Uso Conservacionista dos municípios de Manoel Viana e São Francisco de Assis, RS, Brasil. Metodologia: Dados de pedologia, litologia e declividades foram ranqueados através da Análise Hierárquica de Processos. Posteriormente, seus valores foram ponderados através do cálculo do Potencial de Uso Conservacionista(PUC), o qual foi realizado no ambiente SIG QGIS. O mapa resultante foi comparado ao uso e cobertura da terra em 1985 e 2020 e também à estrutura fundiária da área de estudo. Resultados: O mapeamento resultante demonstrou que predominam na área de estudo os PUCs médio e alto, além da ocorrência em menor intensidade de locais com o índice muito baixo, baixo ou muito alto. A estrutura fundiária se mostrou distribuída principalmente em locais com PUC médio ou alto, além da ligeira detecção de minifúndios em PUC muito baixo e grandes propriedades em PUC muito alto. Com relação ao uso e cobertura da terra, se destacou o crescimento de formações florestais em PUCs baixo e médio, enquanto ocorrera o avanço do cultivo de soja e pastagens em todos PUC. Originalidade/Valor: Otrabalho permite a representação e análise quantitativa do Potencial de Uso Conservacionista, através da utilização de dados gratuitos e acessíveis, com metodologia que pode ser aplicada em diferentes cenários, sendo possível incluside a inclusão de novasvariáveis.

Background Nowadays, companies face continuous changes, which force them to be more versatile by managing large volumes of data, which do not always become relevant information for decision making. Therefore, the objective of this research is to implement a management information system to improve administrative management in micro and small businesses. Method it was developed under the approach of the agile methodology “SCRUM” following its 5 phases; In addition, the visual basic programming language in ASP.NET was used for the development of the source code and Microsoft SQL Server 2019 and its extensions: Ma-nagement Studio for data processing, “Integration Services” for the migration to the new dimensional model, Reporting Services for reports and Looker Studio for dashboards. Results The implementation of a management information system based on a dashboard allowed managers to obtain relevant information quickly and easily, optimizing decision-making times. In addition, the system allowed for homogeneous comparisons by level, which made it easier to identify deviations in commercial goals and the implementation of corrective actions such as adjustments in goals, changes in productivity, among others. Another result was the visualization of the monthly behavior of the financial system, which helped management structure short, medium and long-term strategies; in addition to the export of reports for “offline” analysis, which facilitates the work of employees in the field. Conclusions This allows reducing the time invested in generating reports, improving the efficiency and precision of the analysis. In addition, it has facilitated the identification of opportunities for improvement in administrative and commercial management, specifically in average productivity and the weighted average rate per advisor.

La multiplication des indicateurs quantitatifs dans les politiques publiques liées à l’environnement engendre le recours croissant aux systèmes d’information géographique et aux données environnementales géoréférencées. L’enjeu est de traduire spatialement les changements globaux pour la planification et le suivi des dynamiques naturelles et anthropiques. L’article questionne le rapport à la temporalité de ces données : leur trajectoire d’évolution, rythmée par les progrès technologiques, et leur difficile adéquation avec les temporalités de l’objet qu’elles cherchent à représenter et celles de leurs utilisations. Il décortique l’incidence des croisements de données aux temporalités multiples. À partir de deux cas d’étude, l’article affirme l’importance de prendre le temps de la discussion durant le traitement des données afin d’en améliorer la compréhension et la comptabilité avec les objectifs attendus.

El propósito del estudio se enfocó en establecer un Sistema de Información Gerencial (SIG) para alcanzar el posicionamiento estratégico y mejorar la ventaja competitiva en Pymes del sector textil. La metodología aplicada se enfocó en un tipo de investigación descriptiva, con diseño no experimental y de campo, apoyada en una revisión documental y la aplicación de una encuesta. En los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de los instrumentos, se destaca que el panorama productivo en Ecuador se basa en la implementación de políticas agresivas para mejorar los índices de competitividad, y aprovechar las oportunidades del entorno real. En tal sentido, la competitividad en las Pymes del sector textil de Guayaquil no es muy alta, no obstante, las expectativas de crecimiento son elevadas y más con la aplicación de un sistema de información. Se concluye que, las Pymes del sector textil en la ciudad de Guayaquil tienen una infraestructura atractiva y susceptible de inversiones, dentro de un mercado dinámico. Sin embargo, se evidencia un notable nivel bajo de competitividad, para lo cual, la determinación de un sistema de información gerencial es efectiva y aporta al desarrollo empresarial de las Pymes, así como a la toma de decisiones efectivas.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a suscetibilidade a deslizamentos no município de Piracuruca, considerando o emprego de variáveis ambientais, álgebra de mapas e técnicas de Geoprocessamento. Foi necessário construção de banco de dados geoespacial, considerando a Geologia, Geomorfologia, Pedologia, Cobertura e uso da terra e Vegetação, Declividade e Pluviosidade, que foram integrados por meio de soma ponderada dos resultados para cada célula da grade estatística. Os resultados apontaram predomínio de: grau suscetibilidade 8 em relação à Geologia; grau suscetibilidade 2 em relação ao tema Geomorfologia; grau de suscetibilidade 10 quanto ao tema Pedologia; grau 2 de Cobertura e uso da terra e Vegetação; grau 1 de declividade; grau 8 de suscetibilidade no tema Pluviometria. Predominam as classes de suscetibilidade muito baixa e baixa, que ocorrem por 60,9% da área estudada, ao passo que a sede do município de Piracuruca situa-se em área de suscetibilidade média a deslizamentos.

On the northern Peruvian coast, where seasonal flooding and aridity and the effects of the phenomenon of El Niño characterise the desert landscape, water management systems adapted to the climate and landscape were built to enable agriculture. In this article, we review the archaeological literature on water management from its beginnings in the 2nd millennium BC to the technologies of the Chimu (1000-1470 AD) to draw conclusions about pre-Hispanic state devel- opment. In doing so, we observed a spatial connection between settlement distribution and water availability, including both natural sources and archaeologically verifiable artificial irrigation technologies, conditioned by its ecological and political setting. Our revision shows a significant change in the spatial connection between water resources and settle- ments in the Late Intermediate Period. Linked to this could be, on the one hand, different economic and sociopolitical organisational processes and, on the other hand, the potential for conflicts and consciously exploited power structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent devastating earthquakes have revealed that bridges are one of the most vulnerable components of transportation systems. These seismic events highlighted the need to mitigate the risk resulting from the failure of bridges. This study aims to consider the seismic risk of an extensive heritage of existing civil engineering structures proceeding with prioritization. This imposes the need to consider the design of a geographic information system (GIS) based on the analysis of the different components of risk: hazard, vulnerability, and risk. The assessment of the seismic vulnerability of bridges integrates the various structural and non-structural components of bridges, taking into account their specificities in Algeria. The application of this approach to the Oran region has resulted in the development of a tool using a database to process as much geolocated information as possible, thus contributing to more efficient crisis management, and making it possible to avoid bridge damage and failures that can result in loss of life and monetary losses. This tool could also be used for the inspection of bridges as well as the optimal prioritization of preventive and corrective measures necessary before a major earthquake hits the bridge network in the Oran Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spread of recent conspiracy theories in the United States has been responsible for general social disorder, and an insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on 6 January 2021. The specific conspiracy theory responsible for the 6 January events suggested that the 2000 election was stolen from then-President Trump and given to Joe Biden. On social media, the conspiracy theory was represented by the hashtag #StopTheSteal. This research analyzes the spatial distribution of #StopTheSteal activity on Twitter during November 2020, the month it was most widely used as related to the 2020 election. A model is constructed to explore demographic, economic, and social connections to #StopTheSteal activity at the state level. The relationships between multiple variables and #StopTheSteal are discussed, and the results suggest that political polarization leads to more extremist behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of remote sensing and information on social factors specific to each population allows the monitoring of natural resource use. The main objective of this study is to determine the change and future projection of land use and land cover and, at the same time, to understand, from the perspective of the main stakeholders, the driving and underlying factors of these changes in the middle-upper Mira river basin. For this purpose, multispectral, Landsat, and Sentinel images from 1996, 2007, and 2018 have been used and pre-processed and treated. Subsequently, a forecast of land cover and land use changes from 2018-2030 has been made using TerrSet software. The drivers and underlying factors have been identified using the Delphi method. The results show that forests and pastures presented a sustained decrease, while cropland and urban areas increased between 1996-2018 and 2018-2030. These changes are related to urban, agricultural, livestock, mining, and forest industry growth, which are generally driven by population growth, market demand, changing consumption patterns, road expansion, and a lack of environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intense snow activity in the medium and high altitude of the Cantabrian division mountains produces an accumulation of significant thickness of snow that unchains forceful avalanches that put human lives and infrastructure at risk. For this work, a general analysis is carried out through GIS of the conditions for the triggering of avalanches in the Somiedo valley, southwest part of the Principality of Asturias. It is added to this analysis the information observed during the fieldwork, photo-interpretation, interviews and historical sources, in order to realize the damage caused by these processes to the vegetation and infrastructure, especially on the AS-227, between the villages of Caunedo and Santa Maria del Puerto. Cartography of the valley's environment is also provided: maps of vegetation, susceptibility and risk on the road. In addition, the development of AR in different media is proposed to host this cartography and in order to allow the viewer a more interactive and academic analysis on the study of avalanche risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in land use resulting from human activities occurs at both global and local scales. The present research focuses on the multi-temporal analysis of land use change on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos. Therefore, the analysis of land uses and their transition with vegetation cover was proposed to examine their evolution. Geographic Information Systems and the Supervised Classification technique were employed to identify changes in the terrain over time and the factors responsible for these alterations. In order to obtain accurate information about existing land uses in the study area, free satellite images were used, allowing the distinction of four distinct classes. Through this analysis, it was possible to determine the evolution of land use over a period of 32 years, spanning from 1991 to 2023. The results revealed that the classified areas underwent modifications due to both natural and human-induced factors, including livestock and agricultural activities, as well as demographic growth. To validate the obtained data, a confusion matrix was conducted, and the Kappa index was applied. These procedures demonstrated the robustness and agreement of the model used, ensuring high accuracy compared to reality. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive view of land use change on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, and offers relevant information about the factors that have contributed to such changes over time. The results have significant implications for sustainable land management and ecosystem conservation in this important region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]