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Globally, there is a growing momentum toward achieving universal access to clean energy, particularly electricity, as it plays a crucial role in improving the overall quality of life. Addressing the challenge of universal electricity access requires the development of various mechanisms that enable individuals to access electricity at affordable rates while having the freedom to choose their service providers. In many countries, governments are actively involved in enhancing electricity access, but this effort can put strain on state finances, leading to increased fiscal deficits. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between power expenditure and state finances in Jammu and Kashmir, India, in light of the push for improved electricity access. Using data from the RBI Bulletins for the period 1990–91 to 2019–20, the paper employs panel data analysis to investigate the relationship between power expenditure and gross fiscal deficit. Results indicate a positive and significant correlation between expenditure on power and state gross fiscal deficit in Jammu and Kashmir, indicating lower fiscal sustainability with higher power expenditure. For the purpose of reducing the pressure on state finances caused by enormous domestic power subsidies, the study recommended targeted subsidies with a focus on small energy projects utilizing renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies, as well as incentives and regulations to promote energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The agricultural sector of the economy has a great potential to influence various aspects of sustainable development, such as economic stability, social equality, and ecological balance. However, one of the critical problems in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is the limitation of financial resources, which significantly narrows the opportunities of the agricultural sector and holds back its post-war recovery based on the green economy. The article's purpose is to typologize the theoretical and methodological foundations of the sustainable ontogenesis of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account the mutual influences and interdependencies between development and the financial and regulatory context of achieving the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals. The article analyses tasks and indicators and presents the empirical basis for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of overcoming hunger and developing agriculture adapted to the realities of Ukraine. The problems of the agricultural sector of the economy, which the government tried to solve during the 2000-2020s, were identified, and the interdependence between these problems and the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals was established. The financial context of programs supporting the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the pre-war period was determined, and their content, advantages and disadvantages were systematically characterized. The fact of systemic lagging of niche-sectoral financial support programs for agricultural commodity producers from reforms in the public finance management system and its derivatives has been revealed. The study results indicate that Ukraine's agricultural sector is currently at the crossroads between stability and sustainable development, with the former being predominant. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the transition from state support to state aid (for specific branches of the sector), from state support for crop production to state support for livestock production, and from infrastructure financing to the development of the Institute of Rural Construction.

This article is intended to find out how the Quantitative Easing model is implemented in Japan and the United States, how the Quantitative Easing model is applied by Bank Indonesia in 2020 to 2021, and how the Quantitative Easing arrangement is implemented by Bank Indonesia within the framework of Indonesian laws and regulations. This research was conducted using the juridical-normative method by reviewing the literature and the laws and regulations relating to Quantitative Easing in Indonesia. This article is written from research process that conducted by the method of normative-judicial approach. The results showed that Japan implemented Quantitative Easing more broadly by involving the Central Bank's monetary actions in the realm of interest rates and the purchase of securities in the public and private spheres. The United States has a narrower scope by only relying on the purchase of securities or bonds. In Indonesia, Bank Indonesia in 2020-2021 will implement Quantitative Easing to increase liquidity in the banking sector based on the authority given in Law No. 2 of 2020 which is more similar to the Japanese model. This model is known only to be regulated in Law No. 2 of 2020 specifically for handling the economic crisis due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The agricultural sector of the economy has a great potential to influence various aspects of sustainable development, such as economic stability, social equality, and ecological balance. However, one of the critical problems in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals is the limitation of financial resources, which significantly narrows the opportunities of the agricultural sector and holds back its post-war recovery based on the green economy. The article's purpose is to typologize the theoretical and methodological foundations of the sustainable ontogenesis of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy, taking into account the mutual influences and interdependencies between development and the financial and regulatory context of achieving the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals. The article analyses tasks and indicators and presents the empirical basis for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the context of overcoming hunger and developing agriculture adapted to the realities of Ukraine. The problems of the agricultural sector of the economy, which the government tried to solve during the 2000-2020s, were identified, and the interdependence between these problems and the agro-oriented Sustainable Development Goals was established. The financial context of programs supporting the sustainable development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the pre-war period was determined, and their content, advantages and disadvantages were systematically characterized. The fact of systemic lagging of niche-sectoral financial support programs for agricultural commodity producers from reforms in the public finance management system and its derivatives has been revealed. The study results indicate that Ukraine's agricultural sector is currently at the crossroads between stability and sustainable development, with the former being predominant. In this regard, it is necessary to ensure the transition from state support to state aid (for specific branches of the sector), from state support for crop production to state support for livestock production, and from infrastructure financing to the development of the Institute of Rural Construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disruption of digital technology as part of the industrial revolution 4.0 forces changes in human culture to keep up with the times, including in public institutions. Regulating the digitalization of state finances has risks, including electronic evidence in court that is very likely to occur, given that corruption in state finances is still rampant, requiring legal evidence in court. This research is normative research by examining the existence of regulations related to electronic documents in state finances and explaining how electronic documents are formed. In this study, it can be concluded that regulations regarding electronic evidence have been adequately accommodated, although there is still an asymmetry in the classification of electronic evidence itself. Regulations governing electronic documents in the field of state finances still refer to laws regarding electronic information and transactions. These regulations are considered complete, although, in several regulations in the field of state finance, adjustments are still required to support the use of electronic documents in state finances. Electronic signatures are divided into certified and uncertified signatures, but certified signatures make the presence of an ideal electronic document. This research can be used as input for policymakers in implementing electronic documents in state finance.

Relevance of the research topic. In the conditions of martial law, stricter requirements are put forward for the formation and implementation of the state's financial policy, transparency in financial relations. At the same time, the war provoked an increase in fiscal risks affecting the level of financial security of the country. The above conditions the implementation of a number of reforms in the financial sphere. The task of raising the quality level of the state's financial policy in the system of economic development and its tools became important. Formulation of the problem. The substantiation of directions for raising the quality level of the state's financial policy requires the use of a rational approach based on the duality of the tasks set before the state administration of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law: ensuring the proper level of financing of public expenditures and creating fundamental conditions for the support and recovery of the domestic economy. The development of provisions regarding the implementation of the financial policy of the state in the system of economic development will provide an opportunity to increase the degree of its adaptability to socio-economic processes. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problem of formation and implementation of the financial policy of the state in the system of economic development is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, V. Tanzi, L. Lysiak, I. Lukianenko, A. Mazaraki, A. Nikitishyn, M. Pasichnyi, Yu. Radionov, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above-mentioned issues are actualized in connection with large-scale military operations on the territory of Ukraine, which lead to new extraordinary challenges for ensuring the country's financial security. Setting the task, the goal of the research. The tasks of the research are: to reveal the peculiarities of the implementation of financial policy in the system of economic development of the country in the conditions of martial law; carry out an analysis and assessment of the state finance system. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the strategic directions of financial policy in the system of economic development. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of scientific research methods: system approach, scientific abstraction, induction and deduction. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The features of financial policy implementation in the country's economic development system are revealed. The strategic directions of the financial policy of the state in the conditions of martial law are substantiated. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of forming and implementing financial policy. Conclusions according to the article. Large-scale military operations in Ukraine pose threats to the provision of both the country's financial and national security in general: control over financial flows becomes more complicated, budget revenues decrease, etc. Modeling financial interrelationships, identifying their cause and effect, synergistic effects, should be the basis for raising the quality level of the state's financial policy in the system of economic development, restoring economic balance in the war and post-war periods.

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the health care sector in ensuring the health of the nation and forming the prerequisites for the development of the national economy. An author's approach to distinguishing the components of the health care provision system is proposed, among which it is proposed to highlight the following: personnel, material, infrastructural and financial support. It has been proven that the possibility of a timely response to the system of the latest challenges is directly determined by a combination of many factors, the key place among which is occupied by: the qualifications of doctors and medical personnel, the correspondence of their number to the existing needs, the level of provision of the necessary medical drugs and equipment, the appropriate infrastructural support for the implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures An analysis of the current state of the functioning of the health care sector was carried out, stimulating and disincentive factors influencing the effectiveness of its functioning and ensuring the proper quality of medical services were identified. It has been proven that the issues of the need to resist military aggression, to provide priority to the existing needs of the military sector, to guarantee the proper functioning of critical infrastructure, to ensure the socioeconomic conditions of society's life, as well as to maintain the availability and quality of health care services have become even more important and relevant. Under these conditions, the need to transform the organizational and economic mechanism of the functioning of the country's health care sector is substantiated, which should be based on a systematic approach to the proper resource provision of this area, built on the principle of innovative development and the need for its digital transformation. An author's approach to building an adaptive mechanism of state regulation of the health care sector of Ukraine is proposed, the primary action of which is aimed at maximally ensuring the needs of this sector in terms of resource provision, stimulating its innovative development [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a public finance point of view, achieving sustainable development hinges on two critical factors: the subnational implementation of public policies and the efficient allocation of resources across regions through vertical intergovernmental transfers. We introduce a framework that links these two mechanisms for analyzing the impact of reallocating federal transfers in the presence of regional heterogeneity from development indicators, budget sizes, expenditure returns, and long-term structural factors. Our study focuses on the case of Mexico and its 32 states. Using an agent-based computational model, we estimate the development gaps that will remain by the year 2030, and characterize their sensitivity to changes in the states' budget sizes. Then, we estimate the optimal distribution of federal transfers to minimize these gaps. Crucially, these distributions depend on the specific development objectives set by the national government, and by various interdependencies between the heterogeneous qualities of the states. This work sheds new light on the complex problem of budgeting for the Sustainable Development Goals at the subnational level, and it is especially relevant for the study of fiscal decentralization from the expenditure point of view. • A computational approach to study fiscal transparency in a multidimensional setting. • Novel data on more than 100 indicators at the state level. • New data on public expenditure at the subnational level. • An estimation of the feasibility of the Sustainable Development Goals at the state level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]