225 results on '"thermoplastic aligners"'
Search Results
2. In Vitro Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Attachment Shapes and Locations on Extrusion of the Upper Left Lateral Incisor Using Thermoplastic Aligners.
- Author
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Bojrab A, Akbari A, Broyles D, Magura J, Lear M, Eckert G, Chen J, Turkkahraman H, and Conley RS
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different attachment shapes and locations on the extrusion of the upper left lateral incisor (UL2) using thermoplastic aligners., Materials and Methods: Seven typodonts were digitally printed with hemi-ellipsoid or rectangular attachments in the incisal, middle or cervical third of the UL2. Five clear aligners were fabricated for each typodont; each was tested twice. Forces and moments were measured with an orthodontic force tester during 0.2 mm simulated extrusion of the UL2. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the effects of group, tooth, and the group-by-tooth interaction on the outcomes. A two-sided 5% significance level was used for all tests., Results: Altering attachment shape and location had a statistically significant effect on the forces and moments generated in each trial (p < 0.01), except for rectangular incisal and hemi-ellipsoid cervical (p > 0.05). The rectangular middle attachment generated the highest extrusive force (Fz = 7.498 N), followed by hemi-ellipsoid cervical (Fz = 6.338 N) and rectangular incisal (Fz = 5.948 N)., Conclusions: Varying direct attachment shape and location on the UL2 during extrusion has a significant effect on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners. The rectangular attachment located in the middle third generated the most effective extrusive force and least unwanted moment. For anchorage teeth, hemi-ellipsoid attachments located in the cervical third were found to be the most effective in minimising the reciprocal intrusive forces and unwanted moments., (© 2024 The Author(s). Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...
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- 2024
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3. In Vitro Comparison of Direct Attachment Shape and Size on the Orthodontic Forces and Moments Generated by Thermoplastic Aligners During Expansion.
- Author
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Lear M, Akbari A, Robertson O, Magura J, Bojrab A, Eckert G, Chen J, Conley RS, and Turkkahraman H
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of varying direct attachment shape and size on the forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated expansion., Materials and Methods: An in vitro orthodontic force tester (OFT) was used to measure the forces and moments from a typodont where the buccal teeth were translated lingually 0.2 mm to simulate expansion. Hemi-ellipsoid and rectangular attachments with either 0.5 or 1.0 mm thickness were added on upper right first premolar (UR4), second premolar (UR5) and first molar (UR6). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine two-way interactions among the factors on the outcomes., Results: The interactions between group and tooth were significant for all outcomes (p < 0.001). The greatest buccal forces (Fy) were observed with 1 mm rectangular attachment on the UR4 (0.78 ± 0.29 N), with 1 mm hemi-ellipsoid attachment on UR5 (0.28 ± 0.21 N) and with 0.5 mm rectangular attachment on UR6 (1.71 ± 0.18 N). The greatest buccolingual moments (Mx) were obtained with 1 mm rectangular attachment on UR4 (5.61 ± 1.43 Nmm), without any attachments on UR5 (3.33 ± 1.73 Nmm) and with 1 mm hemi-ellipsoid attachment on UR6 (4.18 ± 4.31)., Conclusion: Direct attachment shape and size had a significant effect on the orthodontic forces and moments generated by thermoplastic aligners during simulated expansion. Although loads varied significantly by tooth morphology and its location in the arch, best forces and moments for expansion were obtained with 1 mm rectangular attachments on UR4s, 1 mm hemi-ellipsoid attachments on UR5s and 0.5 mm rectangular attachments on UR6s., (© 2024 The Author(s). Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...
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- 2024
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4. Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Different Thermoplastic Orthodontic Retainer Materials after Thermoforming and Thermocycling.
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Albilali, Alaa T., Baras, Bashayer H., and Aldosari, Mohammad A.
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ORTHODONTIC retainers ,THERMOCYCLING ,THERMOFORMING ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,FLEXURAL modulus ,THERMOPLASTIC composites - Abstract
While the durability of thermoplastic aligners has been the subject of numerous studies, the durability of thermoplastic retainers has received significantly less attention. Patients are often advised to wear their thermoplastic retainers indefinitely, so the durability of the materials used in their fabrication is crucial to determining whether they are worth the cost. Limited studies have evaluated the properties of thermoplastic retainer materials and the effects of thermocycling on their mechanical properties. Thus, this study aimed to examine six thermoplastic retainer materials after thermoforming with and without thermocycling. The materials' flexural modulus, hardness, and surface roughness values were measured after thermoforming (Group 1) and after thermoforming with subsequent thermocycling for 10,000 cycles (Group 2). After thermoforming, there was a significant difference in flexural modulus and hardness values between most of the materials. However, their surface roughness was not significantly different (p < 0.05). After thermocycling, the flexural modulus and hardness increased significantly for most tested materials (p < 0.05) compared to Group 1. Concerning the surface roughness, only two materials showed significantly higher values after thermocycling than Group 1. Thus, all the mechanical properties of the evaluated materials differed after thermoforming, except the surface roughness. Moreover, while thermocycling made the materials stiffer and harder in general, it also made some of them rougher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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5. Effect of oral environment on contemporary orthodontic materials and its clinical implications.
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Selvaraj, Madhanraj, Mohaideen, Kaja, Sennimalai, Karthik, Gothankar, Greeshma Shantharam, and Arora, Garima
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ORTHODONTICS ,FOOD habits ,POLYMERS ,CORROSION & anti-corrosives ,ALLERGIES - Abstract
Contemporary orthodontics entails using advanced materials and devices, simplifying the process of tooth movement. It is well documented that orthodontic materials are subjected to various fluctuations and stresses in the oral environment, such as salivary pH, dietary habits, temperature changes, and masticatory loads. These changes reduce bonding materials’ longevity, plasticize resin polymers, and reduce elastic properties. In addition, the corrosion of orthodontic appliances in the oral environment has concerned clinicians for some time. This is focused on two principal issues: whether corrosion products are absorbed into the body and cause either localized or systemic effects, and the results of corrosion on the physical properties and the clinical performance of orthodontic appliances. Recently, another major concern is the potential release of bisphenol‑A from materials containing polymers such as thermoplastic aligners and resins, which is known to induce xenoestrogenicity and cytotoxicity when the tissue level exceeds the daily recommended intake. However, most of these findings are based on in vitro studies that suffer from serious drawbacks such as failure to replicate the exact oral environment and process during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, developing clinically relevant methods should be the goal of future research related to the aging of orthodontic materials. The purpose of this review is to outline the impact of the oral environment on contemporary orthodontic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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6. White spot lesions during orthodontic clear aligner therapy: A scoping review.
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Bisht, Shrestha, Khera, Amit Kumar, and Raghav, Pradeep
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ORTHODONTICS ,AESTHETICS ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,INCISORS ,ORAL hygiene ,DENTAL plaque - Abstract
BACKGROUND: White spot lesions (WSL) are an unsightly and a rather frequent drawback of orthodontic treatment. The complex design of fixed orthodontic appliances (FAs) makes it difficult to perform proper oral hygiene, which amounts to white spot lesions being three times more prevalent in patients wearing orthodontic appliances. As clear thermoplastic aligners (CAs) are removable appliances, it has been speculated that they allow better oral hygiene maintenance and thus less incidence of WSLs. OBJECTIVES: This evidence-based scoping review aims to identify the scope and nature of the evidence on white spot lesions during orthodontic clear aligner therapy. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: Strategic and thorough search of the literature for randomized Controlled Trials, Case-Control, Cohort studies, Case reports, full research articles, and review papers on humans published in English in five major databases was undertaken till July 2021 using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms, followed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify five studies for data extraction. RESULTS: Evidence was summarized for study characteristics, diagnostic methods for the detection of white spot lesions, and incidence of white spot lesions during clear aligner therapy. The literature supports that orthodontic treatment with CAs was associated with a low incidence of WSLs when compared with fixed mechanotherapy, with a major role of patient education, motivation, and compliance in maintaining oral hygiene. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The general perception is that clear aligners are more hygienic and show no incidence of white spot lesions. However, our scoping review supports that WSLs can occur with this form of orthodontic treatment also. WSLs in clear aligners could be attributed to the practice of having composite attachments that cover a significant portion of the tooth surface. Thus, regardless of the type of appliance used, a periodic reinforcement by the orthodontist to maintain oral hygiene is necessary for patient motivation, allowing for better oral hygiene practice, and as a result, leads to prevention of WSLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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7. The effect of crowding on the accuracy of 3-dimensional printing.
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Spangler, Tonya, Ammoun, Rami, Carrico, Caroline K., Bencharit, Sompop, and Tüfekçi, Eser
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) printed aligners compared to conventional vacuum-formed thermoplastic aligners with varying levels of dental crowding. Digital intraoral scans of 10 cases were assigned to their respective groups (n = 10, each, 30 total) as follows: no crowding (control), moderate crowding, and severe crowding. Digital images of these models were created in standard tessellation language (STL) file format using 3Shape software and randomly 3D printed. The STL files of each case were also sent to a dental laboratory to fabricate vacuum-formed samples, the current technology used for manufacturing aligners. The intaglio surfaces of fabricated aligners in both groups were scanned using cone beam computed tomography to create STL files, which were then compared to the original STL files of the cases using Geomagic Control X software. Absolute deviations from the original file and root mean square values were recorded. A Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to analyze the difference in average deviation, and a t-test was repeated for the RMS measure. The significance level was set at 0.05. The crowding did not affect the trueness of aligners manufactured using 3D printing or conventional vacuum-forming techniques (P = 0.79). 3D-printed aligners showed less deviation than the vacuum-formed samples (0.1125 mm vs 0.1312 mm; P <0.01). Aligners manufactured with the vacuum-forming technique had significantly higher variation than those with the 3D printing process (P = 0.04). 3D aligners printed directly from an STL file exhibited better precision and trueness than those fabricated using the conventional vacuum-forming technique. Since accuracy is defined as a combination of precision and trueness, it is concluded that direct printing from an STL file can be used to manufacture aligners. • 3D printed aligners had more precision and trueness than vacuum-formed aligners. • The amount of crowding did not influence the accuracy of 3D-printed or vacuum-formed aligners. • 3D printed and vacuum-formed aligners are clinically acceptable for all crowding levels. • Direct 3D printing from standard tessellation language files can be used to manufacture aligners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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8. Endocrine Disrupting Monomer Release in Clear Aligner Systems and Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
- Author
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Ahmet Yağcı, PROFESSOR
- Published
- 2024
9. Aligners-Their Properties and Disposal.
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Gupta, Shreyash, Ahluwalia, Rajiv, Gupta, Nishant, and Rana, Salaj
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ORTHODONTIC appliances , *CORRECTIVE orthodontics , *HAZARDOUS substances , *ORTHODONTISTS , *PLASTIC scrap - Abstract
In this ever-evolving world, with an increase in demand for aesthetics, Thermoplastic aligners have become the current trending and adaptive orthodontic treatment modality. However, with an increase in usage of thermoplastic aligners, there has been a constant surge of non -biodegradable plastic waste with each passing year, which in turn is making the world disease prone and unfriendly to the environment. So, to avoid environmental issues, we as an orthodontist should come up and work towards reducing plastic waste. Therefore, this SOP aims to provide guidelines to discard aligners in a systematic way to reduce biohazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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10. Comparative color stability assessment of orthodontic clear aligners: an in vitro study.
- Author
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Ajwa, Nancy, Radhi, Fatimah, Aloraini, Rana, and AlSaydalani, Ghadi
- Abstract
Objective To evaluate the stain resistance and color stability of four Clear aligners (CA) brands against various beverages at different intervals, along with assessing the elaboration of cleaning agents. Methods In a strictly controlled lab environment, 48 CAs from four different companies (Invisalign, EON, Clear Cap, and K clear) were immersed for seven days in six different beverages based on their pH (Pepsi, orange juice, milk, coffee, and black tea), as well as a control solution (distilled water). The VITA Easy-Shade compact colorimeter used the Commission International lightening L*a*b* color scheme to evaluate the color change of the aligners at four intervals. T0: before immersing in the solution; T1: twelve hours after immersion; T2: seven days after immersion; and T3/T4: fifteen minutes after exposure to two cleaning agents. The color values were then converted into National Bureau of Standards System (NBS) units. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS. A one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the mean color change values of all aligners and staining agents. Results A significant color change in aligners was observed after immersion in the stated solutions (p = 0.01). Additionally, there is a difference when washing with Invisalign foam and M3 cleaners (p < 0.001). Similarly, there were significant color variations between twelve hours and seven days after soaking (p = 0.01). Nonetheless, there were no significant differences in discoloration among the CAs’ manufacturing materials. Conclusions CAs’ staining ability at different time intervals after immersion in various solutions was clearly visible. Aligner cleanser use has a substantial influence on reducing acquired pigmentation. However, there were minimal differences in discoloration across CA brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2025
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11. Effect of high trimline aligners on distalizing mandibular molars: a three-dimensional finite element study.
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Su, Rugan, Li, Song, and Wang, Wei
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MOLARS ,ROOT resorption (Teeth) ,CONE beam computed tomography ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,INCISORS - Abstract
Objective: The primary focus of this investigation was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of high trimline design aligners on the distalization of mandibular molars, employing three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). The study concentrated on aspects such as tooth movement, stress distribution, and anchorage control. Methods: Utilizing Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, a detailed 3D geometrical model was constructed for finite element analysis. This model was used to assess four variations of aligner trimlines, alongside the employment of Class III traction. Analyses were conducted to examine stress distributions and tooth displacements in these different scenarios. Results: Aligners with a high trimline design were found to be more effective in facilitating the distal movement of mandibular molars than those with scalloped trimlines, providing improved management over tooth movement and stress distribution. In specific configurations where Class III traction was applied, a reduction in the deformation of anterior teeth was observed, which enhanced anchorage stability. Nevertheless, the anterior teeth in all configurations were subjected to compressive stresses that surpassed thresholds likely to induce external root resorption, underlining the importance of vigilant monitoring. Conclusions: The research verified the biomechanical advantages of high trimline aligners in the distal movement of mandibular molars and underscored the critical role of aligner design and traction application in optimizing orthodontic treatment outcomes. Additionally, it raised concerns regarding the potential for root resorption due to significant stress in the periodontal ligament, necessitating thorough observation of patients, particularly those fitted with high trimline aligners. Despite these insights, the study's findings are derived from the data of a single patient, suggesting a need for further investigations involving broader samples and extended clinical assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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12. Comparative Analysis of Low-Cost Portable Spectrophotometers for Colorimetric Accuracy on the RAL Design System Plus Color Calibration Target.
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Samec, Jaša, Štruc, Eva, Berzina, Inese, Naglič, Peter, and Cugmas, Blaž
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COLOR space ,COLORIMETRY ,PRICES ,SCIENCE & industry ,SMARTPHONES ,SPECTROPHOTOMETERS - Abstract
Novel low-cost portable spectrophotometers could be an alternative to traditional spectrophotometers and calibrated RGB cameras by offering lower prices and convenient measurements but retaining high colorimetric accuracy. This study evaluated the colorimetric accuracy of low-cost, portable spectrophotometers on the established color calibration target—RAL Design System Plus (RAL+). Four spectrophotometers with a listed price between USD 100–1200 (Nix Spectro 2, Spectro 1 Pro, ColorReader, and Pico) and a smartphone RGB camera were tested on a representative subset of 183 RAL+ colors. Key performance metrics included the devices' ability to match and measure RAL+ colors in the CIELAB color space using the color difference CIEDE2000 ΔE. The results showed that Nix Spectro 2 had the best performance, matching 99% of RAL+ colors with an estimated ΔE of 0.5–1.05. Spectro 1 Pro and ColorReader matched approximately 85% of colors with ΔE values between 1.07 and 1.39, while Pico and the Asus 8 smartphone matched 54–77% of colors, with ΔE of around 1.85. Our findings showed that low-cost, portable spectrophotometers offered excellent colorimetric measurements. They mostly outperformed existing RGB camera-based colorimetric systems, making them valuable tools in science and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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13. The Effect of Initial Orthodontic Therapy with Clear Aligners and Fixed Appliances on Microbial Profiles and Clinical Parameters.
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Haug, Megan, Hopkins, Andrew, Duong, Emily, Kelly, Kim-Sa, Esfandi, Julia, Shokeen, Bhumika, Wu, Tingxi, and Lux, Renate
- Abstract
Background: Orthodontic appliances hinder proper oral hygiene, leading to plaque retention and biofilm formation which can cause dental diseases. This study investigates the initial impact of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances versus clear aligners on microbial profiles and gingival/plaque indices. Methods: Nine patients were included in this small-scale prospective longitudinal pilot study – five in treatment with fixed appliances and four with clear aligners. Plaque biofilm samples were collected subgingivally, supragingivally and from clear aligner trays, and gingival and plaque indices were recorded at six timepoints over 3 months. DNA was extracted and next-generation 16S rRNA sequencing of the V4 region was performed. Results: Fixed appliance patients showed higher plaque and gingival index scores early on (p ≤ 0.05) and higher levels of oral pathogens (p ≤ 0.05). Microbiological analysis revealed distinct microbial communities on clear aligner trays, with health- and disease-associated microbes present at significantly different levels (p ≤ 0.05) compared to intraoral plaque samples. Conclusions: Patients undergoing orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances had higher levels of plaque retention and oral pathogens. Clear aligner patients' had microbial profiles with more oral health-associated species and lower gingival/plaque indices. However, the biofilm on clear aligner trays requires further study, and the small sample size limits the conclusiveness of all findings. Implications: Dentists may consider clear aligners as an alternative to fixed appliances, with potential benefits in plaque accumulation and oral microbial composition. All patients undergoing orthodontic therapy should practice good oral hygiene to prevent plaque retention and reduce oral pathogen colonization. Continuing Education Credit Available: A CDA Continuing Education quiz is online for this article: The practice worksheet is available online: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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14. Engineering and Clinical Study of Surface Geometry of Clear Aligners at the Nanoscale.
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Machoy, Monika, Samulak, Renata, and Kulesza, Sławomir
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,GEOMETRIC surfaces ,YOUNG'S modulus ,ATOMIC force microscopy ,SURFACE texture - Abstract
Featured Application: Control of the wearing process of clear aligners and resulting consequences of their improper functioning. This paper investigates the evolution of the outer surface geometry of Invisalign
® —clear orthodontic aligners—caused by degradation triggered by wearing. The obtained results served to confirm whether or not the aligners could continue to be used once their wear time in the therapeutic procedure had ended, taking both their geometric and mechanical features into account. The measurements were performed using atomic force microscopy which allowed the mapping of nanomechanical properties. The obtained images were then processed to determine statistical and functional surface geometry parameters in accordance with relevant ISO standards. The results revealed that the unrepeatability of the manufacturing process causes the surface shape parameters of new aligners to be irregular; however, these features become gradually consistent for worn samples. On the other hand, properly used aligners may change in two ways: the outer layer flattens and its thickness decreases, and at the same time the Young's modulus of the material decreases. It follows that the degradation processes may be caused by tribological phenomena (abrasion of contact surfaces) and/or biochemical phenomena (biofilm growth, decomposition of the material under the influence of enzymes in the oral cavity). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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15. Seeking orderness out of the orderless movements: an up-to-date review of the biomechanics in clear aligners.
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Li, Jiawei, Si, Jiarui, Xue, Chaoran, and Xu, Hui
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,BIOMECHANICS ,TEETH ,POPULARITY - Abstract
Introduction: Although with increasing popularity due to aesthetic appeal and comfort, clear aligners (CAs) are facing challenges in efficacy and predictability. Advancement in the underlying biomechanical field is crucial to addressing these challenges. This paper endeavors to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the biomechanics of CA and enlightening biomechanics-based improvements on treatment strategies. Methods: A thorough review of the English-language literature accessible through PubMed and Google Scholar, without any publication year restrictions, was undertaken to unravel the biomechanical aspects of CA. Results: This review presented an up-to-date understanding of aligner biomechanics arranged by the framework of the material-dependent mechanical characteristics of CA, the geometric characteristics-dependent force transmission of the CA system, methods for studying the biomechanics of CA, and the biomechanical analyses for different types of tooth movement. Conclusions: Biomechanics should be the fundamental concern for concepts, methods and adjuncts attempting to enhance the accuracy and predictability of tooth movement induced by CA. Improvement on material properties and alteration of geometric design of CA are two main approaches to develop biomechanically optimized force system. Exploration of real-world force sensing and monitoring system would make substantial progresses in aligner biomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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16. The new additive era of orthodontics: 3D-printed aligners and shape memory polymers—the latest trend—and their environmental implications.
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Alkhamees, Amani
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SHAPE memory polymers ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,PLASTIC scrap ,RECYCLABLE material ,THREE-dimensional printing - Abstract
The era of printed aligners has just began in the orthodontic field. Orthodontists have become more interested in 3D-printed in-office aligners. Treatment due to this technology can become faster and more efficient. Advantages highlighted by newly introduced materials for manufacturing processes of 3D aligners present the possibility of overcoming limitations faced by thermoformed aligners, making them a potential replacement of thermoformed aligner. Advances in aligner material, especially shape memory polymers, have the potential to bring about radical transformations in the clinical applications of clear aligner therapy. Safety and cytotoxicity of printable resins along with its mechanical properties must be scientifically studied extensively before it is cleared for clinical use. In addition, with the increased use of aligners, awareness of the environmental burden of plastic waste should be emphasized. Attention should be directed into the development of recyclable materials for aligners along with establishing clear recycling guidelines and patient education programs on proper recycling methods. With the introduction of Graphy's clear biocompatible photocurable resin, which is equipped with a shape–memory function and is printed in an environmental friendly way by reducing carbon emissions. Direct 3D printing represents the future of clear aligner therapy, and more studies to test these new technologies and materials are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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17. Predictability of Part-time Wearing of Removable Clear Aligner Therapy Versus Full Time
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Mohamed Adel Zein, Principle Investigator
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- 2024
18. Prospects for 3D-printing of clear aligners--a narrative review.
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Chenyang Niu, Dongwen Li, Yujia Zhang, Yunkai Wang, Shangbo Ning, Gang Zhao, Zhihui Ye, Yu Kong, and Donghong Yang
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,VINYL polymers ,THREE-dimensional printing - Abstract
Clear aligner therapy is a rapidly developing orthodontic treatment. 3D-printing technology, which enables the creation of complex geometric structures with high precision, has been used in dentistry. This article aims to summarize the various aspects of 3D-printing clear aligners and give an outlook on their future development. The traditional thermoforming technology is introduced and the principle and application of 3D-printed clear aligners and materials are introduced, as well as the application prospects of 3D-printed clear aligners. According to PRISMA statement, the relevant literature of 3D-printing clear aligner was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and other databases. We searched the related words in the MESH database and then carried out advanced searches. We read systematic review and conference papers to find the articles related to the subject and manually added and excluded articles by reading the title and abstract. The production of clear aligners combines computer-aided 3D analysis, personalized design and digital molding technology. The thickness and edges of the 3D-printed clear aligner can be digitally controlled, which allows appliance more efficiently fitted. Presently, the array of clear resins suitable for 3D-printing include photo polymeric clear methacrylate-based resin (Dental LT) (Form Labs, Somerville, Mass), aliphatic vinyl ester-polyurethane polymer (Tera Harz TC-85) (Graphy, Seoul, South Korea). They all have good biocompatibility. But no such material is currently approved on the market. Developing biocompatible resins and further improving the material's mechanical properties will be critical for the combination of 3Dprinting and clear aligners. However, the literature on 3D-printed clear aligners is limited and lacks clinical application. Further in vivo and in vitro tests, as well as additional exploration in conjunction with corresponding cytological tests, are required for the research on available materials and machinery for 3D-printing clear aligners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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19. Vertical Dimension Control in Two Different Treatment Protocols: Invisalign First and Bite Block—A Retrospective Study.
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Laganà, Giuseppina, Malara, Arianna, Palmacci, Daniel, Bollero, Patrizio, and Cozza, Paola
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TREATMENT of malocclusion ,DENTAL equipment ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,T-test (Statistics) ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,JAWS ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the vertical dimension changes, before and after treatment, in two groups of growing patients, one group treated with clear aligner therapy versus a group treated with Quad-helix and bite-block therapy. Methods: The studied sample was composed of n. 40 patients (20 females and 20 males with a mean age of 8.6 ± 1.8 years), enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics at Policlinico of Rome Tor Vergata. The original sample was randomly divided into two groups: Group IF (Invisalign First) and Group BB (Quad-helix and bite block). Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1 after 12 months) lateral cephalograms were collected from all the selected patients. Nine cephalometric parameters, both angular and linear, were measured and recorded for each cephalogram. Results: No statistically significant changes were found between both the IF and BB groups at T0, while statistically significant changes were observed in both groups (BB and IF) between T0 and T1 (after 12 months of active therapy), p < 0.005. Conclusions: Both therapies were able to control the patient's vertical condition. To date, the use of conventional appliances seems to have slightly better efficacy in controlling the vertical dimension than aligner therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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20. Towards Sustainable Orthodontics: Environmental Implications and Strategies for Clear Aligner Therapy.
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Macrì, Monica, D'Albis, Vincenzo, Marciani, Raffaele, Nardella, Matteo, and Festa, Felice
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,SUSTAINABILITY ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CIRCULAR economy ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics - Abstract
The increasing concern over environmental sustainability has prompted various industries to reassess their practices and explore greener alternatives. Dentistry, as a significant contributor to waste generation, is actively seeking methods to minimize its environmental footprint. This paper examines the environmental implications of clear aligner therapy (CAT) in orthodontics and explores strategies to prioritize sustainability in aligner manufacturing and usage. CAT has gained popularity as a viable alternative to traditional fixed appliances due to advancements in biomaterials and computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) technologies. The global market for clear aligners is expanding rapidly, with significant growth projected in the coming years. To address these challenges, this paper proposes adopting the principles of reduce, reuse, recycle, and rethink (4Rs) in orthodontic practices. Strategies such as minimizing resource consumption, incorporating recycled materials, and promoting proper aligner disposal and recycling can significantly reduce environmental harm. This paper explores emerging technologies and materials to mitigate the environmental impacts of CAT. Additionally, initiatives promoting aligner recycling and repurposing offer promising avenues for reducing plastic waste and fostering a circular economy. In conclusion, while CAT offers numerous benefits in orthodontic treatment, its environmental impact cannot be overlooked. By implementing sustainable practices and embracing innovative solutions, the orthodontic community can contribute to a more environmentally conscious future while continuing to provide quality care to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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21. Morphological and Three-Dimensional Analysis for the Clinical Reproduction of Orthodontic Attachments: A Preliminary Study.
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Nicita, Fabiana, Salmeri, Fabio, Runci Anastasi, Michele, Aquilio, Emidio, Lipari, Frank, Centofanti, Antonio, and Favaloro, Angelo
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,DENTAL arch ,DENTAL impressions ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,ORTHODONTICS - Abstract
In invisible orthodontics, the role of composite attachments in facilitating complex tooth movements is crucial. This study, which evaluates the efficacy of a novel clinical attachment procedure, holds significant implications for the field. The technique used two templates (one pre-drilled and the other pre-loaded with high-viscosity composites) and was compared with the standard procedure. Fifty attachments were planned for four dental arch prototypes. Dental impressions were taken using digital scans for virtual planning and after tested techniques. The stereolithographic files (STL) obtained were aligned with those of the virtual planning, and a colorimetric map was used to evaluate the composite resin's maximum excess and defect deviation. The enamel–resin interfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Fisher test for the distribution of detachments and morphological defects and the Mann–Whitney test for the maximum values of excess and defect were used. No significant results were found between groups for morphological defects and detachments, and the maximum values of defect and excess were reported. SEM images for the experimental technique showed integrated adhesion. This innovative procedure, which has proven reliable and operationally straightforward, holds promise, instilling confidence in its practicality and potential to advance the field of orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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22. Analysis of the Forces and Moments in Canine Bodily Movement with Different Clear Aligners' Extraction Space Designs.
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Choi, Youn-Kyung, Kim, Sung-Hun, Park, Hae Ryoun, Kim, Seong-Sik, and Kim, Yong-Il
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC appliances ,TORQUE ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,MOMENTS method (Statistics) ,EDENTULOUS mouth - Abstract
This study aimed to optimize space closure efficiency by comparing the forces and moments exerted by different designs of clear aligners (CAs) during the movement of maxillary canines into the premolar extraction space. The forces and moments were measured using a multi-axis force/moment transducer on the maxillary right canine. The CAs were fabricated from thermoformed polyethylene terephthalate glycol. The following four edentulous space designs were tested: the edentulous space was left intact (Group 1); the edentulous space was replaced with a premolar pontic (Group 2); the edentulous space was replaced with a half-sized premolar pontic (Group 3); and the edentulous space was replaced with a rectangular column beam (Group 4). The maxillary right canine was moved 0.25 mm distally. All groups experienced buccodistal and intrusive forces; compared with the other groups, Group 1 showed significantly greater intrusive and smaller distal forces, and Group 4 showed significantly greater distal forces. All groups experienced distal tilting, lingual inclination, and mesial rotational moments. These findings suggest that modifying the thickness and extent of the adjacent teeth in the edentulous area of the CA can improve local stiffness, thereby reducing the tipping of the teeth into the edentulous space. This study emphasizes the importance of the CA design in controlling forces and moments for effective orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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23. Integrated manufacturing of direct 3D-printed clear aligners.
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Rajasekaran, Abirami and Chaudhari, Prabhat Kumar
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- 2024
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24. Color Stability of Various Orthodontic Clear Aligner Systems after Submersion in Different Staining Beverages.
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Olteanu, Nicolae Daniel, Taraboanta, Ionut, Panaite, Tinela, Balcos, Carina, Rosu, Sorana Nicoleta, Vieriu, Raluca Maria, Dinu, Stefania, and Zetu, Irina Nicoleta
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC appliances ,COLORIMETRY ,POLYETHYLENE terephthalate ,RED wines ,DISCOLORATION - Abstract
This study aimed to compare the color changes in two different orthodontic clear aligner systems after submersion in various beverages for 14 days. The tested aligner systems were Taglus Premium made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (the TAG group) and CA
® Prodin+ made of a transparent copolyester and a thermoplastic elastomer (the PRO group). A total of 56 samples were firstly divided into two groups according to the tested system—TAG and PRO. Each group was subsequently divided in four subgroups according to immersion solution: A—artificial saliva, B—cola, C—coffee, D—red wine. Color measurements were performed on Days 1, 7 and 14 using a portable colorimeter and the CIE L*a*b* system. The obtained results showed significant color changes in both materials when exposed to coffee and red wine (p > 0.05). Samples in the PRO group showed a greater susceptibility to discoloration (higher ΔE values) when compared to the TAG group after submersion in cola (p = 0.025), coffee (p = 0.005) and red wine (p = 0.041) solutions. Statistical analysis revealed that all of the color parameters ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔE of both tested materials were affected by submersion in coffee solution for 14 days. In conclusion, the CA® Pro+ aligner system is more prone to staining compared to the Taglus material after submersion for 14 days in cola, coffee and red wine solutions. Submersion for 14 days in coffee solution alters all of the color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE) of both tested aligner materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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25. Evaluation of the effect of different attachment configurations on molar teeth in maxillary expansion with clear aligners – a finite element analysis.
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Karslı, Nurver, Ocak, Irmak, Akyıldız, Müge, Gögen, Hakan, and Dalci, Oyku
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MOLARS ,POISSON distribution ,TOOTH roots ,STRUCTURAL models ,COMPUTED tomography ,TORQUE ,FINITE element method ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,MAXILLA ,DATA analysis software - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of different attachment configurations with and without buccal root torque on expansion movements achieved with aligners through finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: FEA modelling was done with 0.25 mm buccal expansion force application to the maxillary molars with different attachment configurations: Eight models were tested (1) no attachment (NA), (2) horizontal attachment (HA), (3) gingivally beveled horizontal attachment (GHA), and (4) occlusally beveled horizontal attachment (OHA), as well as models with 6
o buccal root torque, (5) no attachment (TNA), (6) horizontal attachment (THA), (7) gingivally beveled horizontal attachment (TGHA), and (8) occlusally beveled horizontal attachment (TOHA). Results: The first and second molars exhibited buccal tipping in all models. The highest amount of buccal tipping for the molars was observed in the NA (6CMB, 0.232 mm; 6CMP, 0.246 mm; 7CMB, 0.281 mm; 7CMP, 0.312 mm) and GHA (6CMB, 0.230; 6CMP, 0.245; 7CMB, 0.279 mm; 7CMP, 0.311 mm) models, respectively, while the least tipping was observed in the TOHA model (6CMB, 0.155 mm; 6CMP, 0.168 mm; 7CMB, 0.216 mm; 7CMP, 0.240 mm). In all groups, the buccal tipping of the second molars was higher than that of the first molars. Conclusion: This FEA study showed that expansion with aligners tip maxillary molars buccally and the use of occlusally beveled attachments and addition of buccal root torque reduces uncontrolled buccal tipping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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26. Biomechanical Effects of Torquing on Upper Central Incisor with Thermoplastic Aligner: A Comparative Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study with and Without Auxillaries.
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V., Sandhya, A. V., Arun, Reddy, Vinay P., S., Mahendra, B. S., Chandrashekar, and Aravind
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THERMOPLASTICS ,INCISORS ,ELLIPSOIDS ,STRESS concentration ,ORTHODONTISTS - Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effective method to torque the incisor with thermoplastic aligner using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element method. Materials and Methods: Three finite element models of maxilla and maxillary dentition were developed. In the first model, thermoplastic aligner without any auxiliaries was used. In the second and third models, thermoplastic aligner with horizontal ellipsoid composite attachment and power ridge were used, respectively. The software used for the study was ANSYS 14.5 FE. A force of 100 g was applied to torque the upper right central incisor. The resultant force transfer, stress distribution, and tooth displacement were evaluated. Results: The overall tooth displacement and stress distribution appeared high in the model with power ridge, whereas the root movement was more in the horizontal ellipsoid composite attachment model. The model without any auxillaries produced least root movement and stress distribution. Conclusion: Horizontal ellipsoid composite attachment achieved better torque of central incisor than the model with power ridge and model without any auxillaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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27. Tip, torque and rotation of maxillary molars during distalization using Invisalign: a CBCT study.
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Elfouly, Dina, El-Harouni, Nadia M., Ismail, Hanan A., El-Bialy, Tarek, and Ghoneima, Ahmed
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MOLARS ,BIOMECHANICS ,T-test (Statistics) ,COMPUTED tomography ,TORQUE ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ROTATIONAL motion ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,INTRACLASS correlation - Abstract
Background: Desirable molar distalization by bodily movement is challenging and can be difficult to achieve. This study investigated changes in molar angulation (mesiodistal tipping), molar inclination (buccolingual torque) and rotation during distalization using clear aligner therapy (CAT). Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 38 cone beam computed tomographic images (CBCTs) taken for patients treated with molar distalization using CAT. The study evaluated pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) CBCTs of 19 adult patients (36.68 ± 13.50 years) who underwent maxillary molar distalization using Invisalign
® aligners (Align Technology, Inc., San José, CA, USA) with a minimum of 2 mm distalization. Changes in maxillary molar tip, torque and rotation were measured for 61 molars (183 roots). Paired t-test was used to evaluate the differences between pre- and post-treatment readings. The level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The reproducibility of measurements was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Molar angulation did not show significant change after distalization (p = 0.158) however, there was significant increase in buccal molar inclination (p = 0.034) and mesiobuccal molar rotation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Molar distalization of 2 mm did not cause significant molar tipping. Maxillary molars showed significant buccal inclination (increased torque) and mesiobuccal rotation after distalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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28. Surface Topography of Thermoplastic Appliance Materials Related to Sorption and Solubility in Artificial Saliva.
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Porojan, Liliana, Toma, Flavia Roxana, Gherban, Mihaela Ionela, Vasiliu, Roxana Diana, and Matichescu, Anamaria
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ARTIFICIAL saliva ,ATOMIC force microscopes ,SURFACE topography ,DENTAL materials ,CHEMICAL resistance - Abstract
(1) Background: PETG (polyethylene terephthalate glycol) is a transparent, inexpensive, and versatile thermoplastic biomaterial, and it is increasingly being used for a variety of medical applications in dentistry, orthopedics, tissue engineering, and surgery. It is known to have remarkable properties such as tensile strength, high ductility, and resistance to chemical insults and heat, but it can be affected by various environmental conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the topographical characteristics of four thermoplastic dental appliance materials in relation to water sorption in simulated oral environments (artificial saliva samples with different pH values). (2) Methods: The following four types of PETG clear thermoplastic materials were selected for the present study: Leone (L), Crystal (C), Erkodur (E), and Duran (D). In relation to the desiccation and water-uptake stages, their water sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) were calculated, and the surface topographies were analyzed on two length scales. The surface roughness was determined using a contact profilometer, and nanoroughness measurements were generated by three-dimensional profiles using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Statistical analyses (one-way ANOVA and unpaired and paired Student t-tests) were performed. (3) Results: After saliva immersion, the weights of all samples increased, and the highest sorption was recorded in a basic environment. Among the materials, the water uptake for the L samples was the highest, and for E, it was the lowest. In relation to water solubility, significant values were registered for both the L and C samples' materials. After immersion and desiccation, a decreasing trend in microroughness was observed. The AFM high-resolution images reflected more irregular surfaces related to saliva immersion. (4) Conclusions: The sorption rates recorded in water-based artificial saliva were higher for basic pH levels, with significant differences between the samples. There were also significant differences related to the behaviors of the materials included in the study. In relation to roughness, on a microscale, the surfaces tended to be smoother after the saliva immersions, and on a nanoscale, they became more irregular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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29. Assessment of Food Masticatory Capability with Clear Aligners.
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Levrini, Luca, Giannotta, Nicola, Mastrapasqua, Rodolfo Francesco, Farronato, Davide, Maurino, Vittorio, Deppieri, Alessandro, Tasquier, Federico, and Saran, Stefano
- Subjects
PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,PATIENT compliance ,ICE cream, ices, etc. ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics - Abstract
Nowadays, aligners represent a possible therapeutical approach that combines both esthetic and function in order to address dental malocclusion. However, they require a significant level of compliance from the patient. According to the manufacturer, at least 22 h of wearing a day is demanded to reach the optimal therapeutical level; hence, aligners can only be removed during meals. Patients' compliance might increase and the duration of the treatment might decrease if they were allowed to eat with aligners on. The idea of patients keeping the aligners on during meals has been contemplated, not only to favor patients' compliance but also treatment effectiveness. This study aims to assess the degree of chewing difficulty that aligners cause when eating certain kinds of food and the quantity of residue left. Material and Methods: A questionnaire titled "Questionnaire for the Assessment of Masticatory Function with Aligners" was administered using Google Forms to 240 patients in treatment with clear aligners. The survey was validated through the reliability test using the test–retest method. This method had a higher correlation coefficient of 0.9 across all items (with a cutoff of 0.8) with statistical significance, and an excellent internal correlation coefficient (α > 0.9). The statistical analysis performed consisted of descriptive analysis, frequencies, percentages, Pearson's correlation test and Friedman's test. Results: Pearson's test showed a statistically significant correlation between all items except between meat or clams and yogurt or ice cream and with mozzarella or soft cheese regarding food chewing difficulties. Pearson's test showed a statistically significant correlation between all items regarding food residues. A total of 69.2% of the cohort reported some movements of aligners during mastication. In total, 88.3% of them affirmed not to have perceived deformations or breakage of aligners during chewing. Furthermore, 79.2% of them declared that they would continue to eat if eating with aligners was proven to speed up treatment. Conclusions: Wearing clear aligners while chewing foods such as yogurt, ice cream, soft cheese, bread, rice, etc., can be possible and can help shorten the duration of orthodontic treatment, benefiting both the patient and the orthodontist. However, further research using qualitative methods is needed to understand the barriers and facilitators to chewing food with aligners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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30. Evolution of orthodontic aligners: A narrative review.
- Author
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Nakhate, Trupti Shankar, Kangane, Suresh, Joshi, Yatishkumar S, Bhutada, Payal Brijlal, Nair, Swathilekshmi, and Bhoir, Aavesh
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC appliances ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DATABASE searching ,ELECTRONIC information resource searching ,TEETH - Abstract
Clear aligners seem to be a new modality for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment; the initial concept of this treatment evolved in the 20
th century. Remensnyder's "Flex-O-Tite" appliance led to the introduction of the aligner, from this Kesling tooth positioner appliance made up of rubber-based 1945 proposed the concept of using it for minor tooth movements in a sequential series. The purpose of this article is to provide information about chronologically ordered evolution of aligners. Various types of generations and attachments used in different aligner systems. An online search was done using databases from PubMed and Google Scholar to find the articles. Database search was done with the following string: ((aligners [Title/Abstract]) AND (comparison [Title/Abstract])) AND (((fixed appliance [Title/Abstract]) OR (braces [Title/Abstract])) OR (fixed orthodontic appliance [Title/Abstract])). 3 articles are included in the narrative review to evaluate the better outcomes of the treatment effectiveness between fixed orthodontic treatment and aligners with short summary of chronological ordered evolution, generations and attachments of aligners. The overall effectiveness of orthodontic treatment depends upon the knowledge of clinician therefore knowledge about recent advances is important for proper treatment of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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31. The Impact of Non-Extraction Orthodontic Treatment on the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life between a Modified Aligner Appliance with Ni-Ti Springs and the Traditional Fixed Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
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Alhafi, Ziad Mohamad, Hajeer, Mohammad Y., Latifeh, Youssef, Almusawi, Alaa Oudah Ali, Burhan, Ahmad S., Azizia, Tareq, Jaber, Samer T., and Rajeh, Nada
- Subjects
CLINICAL trials ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,QUALITY of life ,PATIENT satisfaction - Abstract
Background and Objectives: To compare the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) outcomes between patients treated with modified Ni-Ti spring-based alignment appliances or conventional fixed appliances using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14), as well as the levels of satisfaction with the appliance appearance, treatment progress, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients (11 males, 25 females) were randomly divided into two groups: either the modified aligner appliance with Ni-Ti springs group (MAA) or the traditional fixed appliances group (FA). The allocation ratio was 1:1, and the randomization process was carried out by an independent investigator not involved in this study. Mild crowding cases were included in this study. The OHRQoL of patients was evaluated using the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) at five time points: before the treatment commencement (T0); 2 weeks (T1), 1 month (T2), and 2 months (T3) after the treatment initiation; and post-treatment (T4). The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the patient satisfaction. Blinding was performed only during the outcomes assessment. Results: This randomized controlled trial had no dropouts, and the demographic characteristics of the groups were comparable. The MAA group experienced significantly greater functional limitations compared with the FA group at all three evaluation time points (T1, T2, and T3), as evidenced by the statistically significant p-values (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The psychological disability in the MAA group was significantly lower than in the FA group at both T2 (p = 0.005) and T3 (p = 0.003). The patient satisfaction with the appliance appearance was significantly higher in the MAA group than in the FA group (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The OHRQoL improved in both the modified aligner appliance with Ni-Ti springs and fixed appliance groups after the treatment. Moreover, the functional limitations during the treatment were less severe in the FA group, while the psychological disability was lower, and the patient satisfaction with the appliance appearance was higher in the MAA group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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32. Understanding the effectiveness of attachments in clear aligner therapy: navigating design, placement, material selection and biomechanics.
- Author
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Demir, Gizem Boztaş
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC appliances ,DATABASE searching ,WEB databases ,TEETH ,BIOMECHANICS - Abstract
Background: Clear aligner treatments have gained popularity due to their aesthetic advantages over traditional metal brackets. Attachments play a crucial role in enhancing the efficacy of treatment by addressing challenges posed by the flexibility of aligner materials. This comprehensive review aims to clarify the significance of attachments used during clear aligner therapy and explore the nuances of their design, placement, and material selection. Methods: A systematic search of literature databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane was conducted. Twelve sets of keywords related to clear aligner therapy and attachments were applied for the search. Results: A total of 24 studies that met the inclusion criteria and focused on the biomechanics of attachments, attachment shape, attachment placement and materials used in attachment production were included in the analysis. Conclusion: Within the limits of the review, the use of attachments in clear aligner therapy can enhance the efficacy of treatment by facilitating complex tooth movements. The selection of materials, as well as the design and positioning strategies of attachments, should be customised for each patient to optimise treatment success. By the use of clinical studies, future research should focus on the long-term performance of attachments to confirm their effectiveness in achieving planned tooth movements, particularly regarding design, positioning, and the materials used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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33. Clear Aligners - An Update.
- Author
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Goje, Santosh Kumar and Shah, Vishwa
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC appliances ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,MARKETING literature ,AESTHETICS - Abstract
Aesthetic demand and patients' needs have been the priority for orthodontic treatment. With the introduction of Clear aligners in the market the aesthetic needs of the patients have been highly satisfied. Clear aligner fabrication has been evolving with technology since its introduction, indirectly printed aligners have been fabricated on 3D printed models for years now. Recently, directly printed aligners have been introduced in the market easing the fabrication process by eliminating the fabrication of 3D printed models and hence overcoming the shortcomings of the 3D printed thermoformed aligners. Various resins have been introduced since the introduction of the concept of directly printed aligners. This article covers the various resins available in the market and the literature regarding the same. Studies have been performed to understand the mechanical properties of these materials and it has been found that further refinements and improvements are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
34. Influence of elastomeric and steel ligatures on periodontal health during fixed appliance orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Hussain, Umar, Campobasso, Alessandra, Noman, Muhammad, Alam, Shamsul, Mujeeb, Rida, Shehzad, Sofia, and Papageorgiou, Spyridon N.
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC appliances ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,PERIODONTAL pockets ,STREPTOCOCCUS mutans ,COLONIZATION (Ecology) - Abstract
Introduction: Metallic and elastomeric ligatures are widely used in orthodontics to secure the archwire within the bracket slots, but elastomeric ligatures have traditionally been associated with increased microbial colonization, which could adversely affect periodontal health. Aim: This systematic review compares the periodontal effects of elastomeric and steel ligatures used for orthodontic fixed appliances. Methods: Unrestricted literature search of 7 databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Virtual Health Library) up to July 2023 were performed for randomized / non-randomized clinical studies on humans comparing the two ligation methods during fixed-appliance therapy. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment with the Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 or the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, random-effects meta-analyses of Mean Differences (MD) or Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were carried out, followed by assessment of certainty of existing evidence with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: A total of 11 studies (3 randomized / 8 non-randomized) with 354 patients (mean age 14.7 years and 42% male) were included. No statistically significant differences were seen for plaque index (5 studies; SMD = 0.48; 95% CI = -0.03 to 1.00; P = 0.07), gingival index (2 studies; MD = 0.01; 95% CI = -0.14 to 0.16; P = 0.89), probing pocket depth (2 studies; MD = 0; 95% CI = -0.17 to 0.16; P = 0.97), or Streptococcus mutans counts (4 studies; SMD = 0.40; 95% CI=-0.41 to 1.20; P = 0.21). Elastomeric ligatures were associated with moderately increased total bacterial load (3 studies; SMD = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.10 to 0.76; P = 0.03). Confidence in these estimates was low in all instances due to the inclusion of non-randomized studies with high risk of bias. Conclusions: Existing low quality evidence indicates that ligature method does not seem to influence the periodontal health during fixed treatment, even if elastomeric ligatures are associated with a moderate increase of bacterial load. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023444383) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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35. CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF CLEAR ALIGNER THERAPY (CAT).
- Author
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THIYAGARAJAN, SRIRAMAN
- Subjects
ORTHODONTICS ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,THERAPEUTICS ,DENTAL care - Abstract
Patients seeking orthodontic treatment often prioritize aesthetics, and aesthetics play a significant role in orthodontic care. Researchers have developed a range of options, such as ceramic or composite braces, lingual orthodontics, and transparent aligners, to meet the growing demand for alternatives to traditional braces. Clear aligner therapy, which consists of a series of transparent dental appliances designed to fit the shape of a patient's teeth, is one such alternative. Clear aligners, like traditional braces, use a progressive force to control tooth movement, but they do so without metal brackets or wires. This review will highlight the increasing popularity of clear aligners by summarizing a few commonly used systems today. It will also discuss the therapeutic outcomes of this approach, including its scope, limitations, effectiveness, and stability. Additionally, the review will evaluate the potential negative effects of clear aligner therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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36. Effect of attachment flash on clear aligner force delivery: an in vitro study.
- Author
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Kiong, Marisa, Ashari, Asma, Zamani, Nurul Syahira Mohamad, How, Reuben Axel Wee Ming, Wahab, Rohaya Megat Abdul, Mohamed, Alizae Marny Fadzlin Syed, Lee, HeeJeong Jasmine, and Mokhtar, Mohd Hadri Hafiz more...
- Subjects
MATERIALS testing ,IN vitro studies ,T-test (Statistics) ,RESEARCH funding ,DENTAL materials ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,GUMS & resins ,INTRACLASS correlation ,THREE-dimensional printing ,DIGITAL image processing ,CONFIDENCE intervals - Abstract
Background: The introduction of auxiliaries such as composite attachment has improved the force delivery of clear aligner (CA) therapy. However, the placement of the attachment may give rise to a flash, defined as excess resin around the attachment which may affect CA force delivery. This in vitro study aims to determine the differences in the force generated by the attachment in the presence or absence of flash in CA. Materials and methods: Tristar Trubalance aligner sheets were used to fabricate the CAs. Thirty-four resin models were 3D printed and 17 each, were bonded with ellipsoidal or rectangular attachments on maxillary right central incisors. Fuji Prescale pressure film was used to measure the force generated by the attachment of CA. The images of colour density produced on the films were processed using a calibrated pressure mapping system utilising image processing techniques and topographical force mapping to quantify the force. The force measurement process was repeated after the flash was removed from the attachment using tungsten-carbide bur on a slow-speed handpiece. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98). The average mean force exerted by ellipsoidal attachments with flash was 8.05 ± 0.16 N, while 8.11 ± 0.18 N was without flash. As for rectangular attachments, the average mean force with flash was 8.48 ± 0.27 N, while 8.53 ± 0.13 N was without flash. Paired t-test revealed no statistically significant difference in the mean force exerted by CA in the presence or absence of flash for both ellipsoidal (p = 0.07) and rectangular attachments (p = 0.41). Rectangular attachments generated statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher mean force than ellipsoidal attachments for flash and without flash. Conclusion: Although rectangular attachment generated a significantly higher force than ellipsoidal attachment, the force generated by both attachments in the presence or absence of flash is similar (p > 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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37. Colorimetric Evaluation of Various Orthodontic Thermoformed Retainers Exposed to Different Staining Agents and Cleaning Techniques.
- Author
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Singh, Swati and Jain, Ravindra Kumar
- Subjects
ORTHODONTIC retainers ,COLOR space ,CLEANING compounds ,DROOLING ,ARTIFICIAL saliva - Abstract
Aims: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color changes in the retainers by different manufacturers (Essix ACE, Forestadent, Leone, and Bioart) after exposure to various beverage solutions (coke, tea, coffee, and artificial saliva) and also to assess the stain removal potential of different cleansing agents [listerine (L) and retainer brite (RB)]. Materials and Methods: A total of 320 specimens (80 samples in each group) of thermoformed retainers from four different manufacturers were tested. All retainers were thermoformed and were immersed in different beverages (black tea, coffee, and cola) and artificial saliva as a control group for 7 and 14 days. These were then cleaned by either L or RB crystals. The color changes (ΔE) in several retainers were assessed following a 7-day exposure (T1-T0), a 14-day exposure (T2-T0), and following cleaning (T3-T1 and T3-T2). The CIELAB color space approach was utilized to obtain the ΔE measurements. To statistically evaluate the data, t test, analysis of variance, Tukey's range test, and Levene's test were employed. Results: On intragroup comparison, all groups were stained by tea with significant differences at 7 and 14 days (P < 0.05). Significant differences in color change after cleaning by L at the 7-day interval (P < 0.05) were noted in group A for immersion in cola. No significant difference was noted for groups B and C (P > 0.05). Significant differences in color change after cleaning with RB for tea stains in group D (P < 0.05) were noted. Significant intergroup differences in staining were noted for tea at 7- and 14-day intervals (P < 0.05) with maximum staining in group D. For coffee, significant intergroup differences were noted with maximum staining in group A (P < 0.05) at both 7- and 14-day intervals. Significant intergroup differences in cleaning were noted at the 12- h interval in group A for tea stains by RB (P < 0.05) and cola stains by L (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Tea exhibited the greatest staining potential among all staining agents at 7-and 14-day intervals for Forestadent, Leone, and Bioart retainers, while coffee stained Essix ACE retainers the most. Among the four different retainer brands, Bioart exhibited the least staining with the various staining agents at 7- and 14-day intervals. RB eliminated tea stains better, whereas cola and coffee stains were better removed by L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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38. The perio–ortho interface: latest guidelines.
- Author
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Wadia, Reena, Hasan, Aliya, Preshaw, Philip M, and Johal, Ama
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- 2024
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39. Accuracy of clear aligners in the orthodontic rotational movement using different attachment configurations.
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Fiorillo G, Campobasso A, Croce S, Hussain U, Battista G, Lo Muzio E, Mandelli G, Ambrosi A, and Gastaldi G
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Retrospective Studies, Adolescent, Adult, Rotation, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Young Adult, Child, Tooth Movement Techniques instrumentation
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of dental rotational movements using clear aligners with different attachment configurations., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analysed 212 teeth from 89 patients undergoing Invisalign treatment. Digital models were analysed after the virtual treatment plan (ST1) and after the first treatment phase (ET1) to evaluate the effective clinical rotational movement. The rotational movements of incisors, canines, and bicuspids were measured using data from the Clincheck Movements Table. ST1 and ET1 were compared to determine the actual rotational movement achieved (ST1-ET1). The presence or absence of attachments (rectangular or optimized) on teeth was analysed. The accuracy of rotational movements among attachment types was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple linear regressions were conducted with accuracy as the dependent variable and tooth type, gender, and age as predictors., Results: Optimized attachments had the highest median accuracy (70%), followed by rectangular (65%), and without attachment (63%), with no significant differences (p = .5). There were no significant differences across age groups, genders, or tooth types. Baseline accuracy was 68.62% (95% CI: 56.03-81.20, p < .001). Age was a significant predictor (estimate = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.58 - -0.03, p = .032), indicating decreased accuracy with increasing age. The model's R
2 was 0.046, with an adjusted R2 of 0.003, indicating minimal variance explained., Conclusion: The addition of attachment configurations to clear aligners improves rotational accuracy, but not significantly. Further advancements in these configurations are needed to enhance the performance of the aligners., (© 2024 The Author(s). Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...- Published
- 2024
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40. Bonding positional accuracy of attachments and marginal adaptation of in-house aligners - A quality improvement laboratory study.
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Brandão NMCB, Maia RM, Gomes VM, Resende C, Antunes ANDG, and Souki BQ
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- Vacuum, Humans, Quality Improvement, Dental Bonding, Polyvinyls chemistry, Pressure, Orthodontic Appliance Design, Materials Testing, Vinyl Compounds chemistry, Dental Marginal Adaptation, Polyethylene Glycols chemistry, Polyethylene Terephthalates chemistry
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the 3D accuracy of attachment positioning and the adaptation of aligners to attachments using in-house templates made with either polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and either pressure or vacuum thermoforming machines., Materials and Methods: Overall, 140 test specimens were resin-printed. Templates for the attachment bonding were made with 1-mm EVA or 0.5-mm PETG laminates. Orthodontic aligners were manufactured with 0.75-mm PETG. The thermoplastification process was carried out using either vacuum or pressure machines. The positional differences between the virtual and bonded attachments were assessed in the X, Y and Z coordinates. The marginal adaptation between the aligners and the attachments was measured., Results: Minor inaccuracies in the positioning of the attachments were observed in all combinations of thermoforming machines and plastic laminates used to fabricate the templates, mainly in the superior-inferior (Z) dimension. PETG performed better than EVA in the anterior region (p < .05). No association was found between thermoplastification machines and the accuracy of the positioning of the attachments (p > .05). While small misadaptations between the aligners and the attachments were observed, the EVA templates performed better than the PETG templates., Conclusions: The inaccuracy of the attachment positioning and the misadaptation of the aligners to the attachments were slight. The vacuum and pressure thermoplastification machines showed no difference in attachment positioning accuracy. The PETG template was better than the EVA template in the anterior region, but the EVA attachments presented a better adaptation to the aligners than the PETG attachments., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) more...
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- 2024
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41. In vitro study examines posterior torque impact on 3D mechanics of anterior teeth in clear aligner treatment.
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Fan, Yongjie and Zhang, Xin
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TREATMENT of malocclusion ,TEETH ,IN vitro studies ,BIOMECHANICS ,MECHANICS (Physics) ,STRUCTURAL models ,THREE-dimensional imaging ,DENTAL arch ,TORQUE ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,MASTICATORY muscles ,DENTAL occlusion ,ANALYSIS of variance ,DENTAL extraction ,MANDIBLE ,DATA analysis software ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Introduction: This study utilizes investigate the impact of posterior torques on the three-dimensional force exerted on the lower anterior teeth during the retraction in orthodontic clear aligners treatment. Methods: Four groups of mandibular dental arch light-cured resin models will be created, including: mandibular posterior teeth with standard torque, mandibular posterior teeth with labial torque, and mandibular posterior teeth with lingual torque. Each group will consist of 12 sets of clear aligners. The aligners will be worn, and measurements will be taken using the six-axis measurement platform to evaluate the three-dimensional force exerted on the lower anterior teeth under various initial torques applied to the mandibular posterior teeth. SPSS 26.0 used for ANOVA analysis, α = 0.05 significance level. Results: Comparing mandibular posterior teeth with standard torque to those with labial torque, no statistically significant changes were observed in buccolingual force. In the mesiodistal direction, mandibular incisors exhibited a significant decrease in distal force, while canines showed a significant increase. Both findings had a significance level of P < 0.05; Lingual torque on mandibular posterior teeth, compared to standard torque, led to a significant increase in lingual force for incisors and a significant increase in labial force for canines in the buccolingual direction (P < 0.05). Additionally, mandibular incisors exhibited a significant decrease in distal force in the mesiodistal direction (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Varying initial torques on mandibular posterior teeth significantly impact force on lower anterior teeth. Labial torque reduces lingual force on incisors and increases distal force on canines. Lingual torque increases lingual force on incisors and labial force on canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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42. Color and Chemical Stability of 3D-Printed and Thermoformed Polyurethane-Based Aligners.
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Šimunović, Luka, Čekalović Agović, Sara, Marić, Antun Jakob, Bačić, Ivana, Klarić, Eva, Uribe, Flavio, and Meštrović, Senka
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CHEMICAL stability ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,POLYMERS ,GREEN tea ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics - Abstract
The significant rise in the use of clear aligners for orthodontic treatment is attributed to their aesthetic appeal, enhancing patient appearance and self-confidence. The aim of this study is to evaluate the aligners' response to common staining agents (coffee, black tea, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull) in color and chemical stability. Polyurethane-based thermoformed and 3D-printed aligners from four brands were exposed to common beverages to assess color change using a VITA Easyshade compact colorimeter after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days, as well as chemical stability using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The brand, beverage, and manufacturing method significantly influence color stability. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed compositional differences, with variations in response to beverage exposure affecting the integrity of polymer bonds. Color change analysis showed coffee as the most potent staining agent, particularly affecting Tera Harz TC85 aligners, while ClearCorrect aligners exhibited the least susceptibility. 3D-printed aligners showed a greater color change compared to thermoformed ones. Aligners with a PETG outer layer are more resistant to stains and chemical alterations than those made of polyurethane. Additionally, 3D-printed polyurethane aligners stain more than thermoformed ones. Therefore, PETG-layered aligners are a more reliable choice for maintaining the aesthetic integrity of aligners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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43. Can esthetically pleasing aligners change the root morphologies? - A narrative review.
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Garg, Shivika, Reddy, Munish C., Raghav, Pradeep, Shukla, Monika, Chowdhary, Bhavika Kour, and Joy, Akhil Anton
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COSMETIC dentistry ,ROOT resorption (Teeth) ,MALOCCLUSION ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,DENTAL radiography - Abstract
Background: The occurrence of root resorption (RR) is an unavoidable result of orthodontic treatment. Finding a straightforward approach to its prevention remains a challenge. It is a tragic occurrence when radiographically detected, even though it is rarely severe. The application of force starts a sequence of biological mechanisms. Although we are well aware of how and when it is provoked, we are unable to foresee what will happen in the end. In the past few years, clear aligner therapy has become very popular. Although not much data has been established describing RR after this treatment. Aim: The following review determines the effect of aligner therapy on the resorption of roots leading to the shortening of root length. Methods: Research publications were searched on search engines such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar using terms such as "RR," "risk factors of RR" and "effects of clear aligner therapy on RR." These publications were then collected. Results: For this review, 30 articles were collected and further used to formulate this review. Conclusion: (1) Most affected teeth were the maxillary central and lateral incisors post aligner therapy. (2) Multiple factors that influenced RR were gender, malocclusion, the severity of crowding, type of tooth movement, and close approximation of root toward the cortical plate (3) Clear aligner therapy is comparable to LightForce fixed orthodontics appliances but surpasses heavy-force orthodontic appliances in the terms of the risk associated with developing RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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44. Comparative assessment of external apical root resorption between subjects treated with clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Singh, Swati, Jain, Ravindra Kumar, and Balasubramaniam, Arthi
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ROOT resorption (Teeth) ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,INCISORS ,ELECTRONIC information resource searching - Abstract
This review aims to collate and analyze the existing evidence on the comparison of external apical root resorption (EARR) in subjects treated with clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FA). An electronic search was conducted in six databases for articles published in all languages until July 2023. Studies that evaluated EARR in subjects treated with CAs and FAs were included. The RoB 2 tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies were used to analyze the risk of bias (ROB). A random effects meta-analysis was performed to assess EARR extent in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth for subjects treated with CAs and FAs. Ten studies (eight retrospective, one RCT, and one CCT) were included in this review, out of which six studies reported a moderate ROB, one reported a serious ROB, and three reported a low ROB on qualitative analysis. The quantitative analysis of six studies revealed a significant intergroup difference (P <0.05)> P <0.00001)> P =0.01) with a moderate heterogeneity (I
2 =56%), as well as the mandibular central incisors (SMD=-0.27, P =0.04) with high heterogeneity (I2 =79%). EARR was lower in subjects treated with CAs than FAs. A moderate quality of the available evidence suggests that EARR was less evident in subjects treated with CAs when compared with FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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45. Surface wear of attachments in patients during clear aligner therapy: a prospective clinical study.
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Li, Qiuying and Yang, Kai
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,LONGITUDINAL method ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test - Abstract
Background: This prospective clinical study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the surface wear of attachments and investigate the associated risk factors. Additionally, the wear values and regions of three types of commonly used attachments were explored. Methods: Participants were recruited from the population of patients who received clear aligner therapy from October to December 2022. Intraoral scanning was performed on eligible participants before treatment (T0), immediately after initial bonding of attachments (T1), and at 2 months (T2), 4 months (T3), 6 months (T4), and 8 months (T5) after starting treatment. The attachment volume, average depth and regions of attachment wear were measured using superimposed digitized models. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare data between multiple groups. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for the volume of attachment wear. Results: A total of 47 patients with 617 attachments were included. As treatment time increased, the attachment volume decreased significantly (P = 0.003). The initial attachment volume was positively related to the volume of attachment wear (β = 0.527, P < 0.001). The volume of attachment wear was significantly greater in females than in males (β = 0.147, P = 0.020) and in optimized attachments than in conventional attachments (β = 0.308, P < 0.001). The wear of 3-mm rectangular attachments progressed from edges to buccal surfaces, with the deepest wear at corners of gingival edges; the wear of the optimized attachments was primarily located on surface ridges. The wear volume ratio of the optimized root control attachments was significantly greater than that of the 3-mm rectangular attachments at T3 (P = 0.011), T4 (P < 0.001), and T5 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The volume of attachment wear increased gradually with treatment time. Sex, attachment type, and initial attachment volume were risk factors for the volume of attachment wear. The deepest wear regions of 3-mm rectangular attachments were at the corners of gingival edges, while the deepest wear regions of optimized attachments were at surface ridges. Four months after treatment, optimized root control attachments showed more relative wear than 3-mm rectangular attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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46. Impact of molar teeth distalization by clear aligners on maxillary alveolar bone thickness and root resorption: a three‑dimensional study.
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Al-Worafi, Naseem Ali, Zheng, Bowen, Al-Warafi, Leena Ali, Alyafrusee, Enas Senan, Alsomairi, Majedh Abdo Ali, and Liu, Yi
- Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of molar teeth distalization movement by clear aligners on changes in the alveolar bone thickness and orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) in maxillary molars using conebeam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Three-dimensional CBCT scans of 35 adult patients (one hundred forty maxillary molars) with pre-designed selection criteria and a mean age of 24.4 ± 7.1 years were included. The measured parameters, including alveolar bone thickness for maxillary molars and root resorption (OIIRR), were analyzed using pre-and post-treatment CBCT (T0 and T1, respectively) with Invivo 6.0 software. Result: Post-treatment, relevant statistically significant changes included deposition of bone in the average palatal surface of the 1st molars. The reduction of bone was seen in the average buccal surface of the first molars and both surfaces of the second molars. Regarding root length after treatment, the average maxillary 1st molar roots showed significant OIIRR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Clear aligner treatment could effectively reduce the incidence of alveolar bone thickness reduction and OIIRR in treating Class II malocclusions compared to conventional braces, as shown in previous studies. This research will aid in fully grasping the benefits of clear aligners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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47. Advancements in Clear Aligner Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review of Direct-3D Printing Technologies.
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Narongdej, Poom, Hassanpour, Mana, Alterman, Nicolas, Rawlins-Buchanan, Frederick, and Barjasteh, Ehsan
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ORTHODONTIC appliances ,DENTAL implants ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,PROSTHODONTICS ,THREE-dimensional printing ,DENTAL technology - Abstract
Clear aligners have revolutionized orthodontic treatment by offering an esthetically driven treatment modality to patients of all ages. Over the past two decades, aligners have been used to treat malocclusions in millions of patients worldwide. The inception of aligner therapy goes back to the 1940s, yet the protocols to fabricate aligners have been continuously evolved. CAD/CAM driven protocol was the latest approach which drastically changed the scalability of aligner fabrication—i.e., aligner mass production manufacturing. 3D printing technology has been adopted in various sectors including dentistry mostly because of the ability to create complex geometric structures at high accuracy while reducing labor and material costs—for the most part. The integration of 3D printing in dentistry has been across, starting in orthodontics and oral surgery and expanding in periodontics, prosthodontics, and oral implantology. Continuous progress in material development has led to improved mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and overall quality of aligners. Consequently, aligners have become less invasive, more cost-effective, and deliver outcomes comparable to existing treatment options. The promise of 3D printed aligners lies in their ability to treat malocclusions effectively while providing esthetic benefits to patients by remaining virtually invisible throughout the treatment process. Herein, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of studies regarding direct-3D printing of clear aligners up to the present, outlining all essential properties required in 3D-printed clear aligners and the challenges that need to be addressed. Additionally, the review proposes implementation methods to further enhance the effectiveness of the treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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48. Chemical–Physical Characterization of PET-G-Based Material for Orthodontic Use: Preliminary Evaluation of micro-Raman Analysis.
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Nicita, Fabiana, D'Amico, Cesare, Filardi, Vincenzo, Spadaro, Donatella, Aquilio, Emidio, Mancini, Maura, and Fiorillo, Luca
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- 2024
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49. Effectiveness of the Attachment Design and Thickness of Clear Aligners during Orthodontic Anterior Retraction: Finite Element Analysis.
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Alhasyimi, Ananto Ali, Ayub, Aulia, and Farmasyanti, Cendrawasih Andusyana
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- 2024
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50. Comparison of light transmittance and color changes between polyurethane and copolyester retainer materials after staining and destaining.
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Viana, Grace, Virji, Insia, Susarchick, Laurie, Allareddy, Veerasathpurush, Lown, Sullivan, Gruber, Max, Lukic, Henry, Megremis, Spiro, and Atsawasuwan, Phimon
- Abstract
Background: Retainers are the only effective approach to prevent orthodontic relapse. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in color and light-transmittance of rough and smooth thermoformed polyurethane and copolymer retainer samples after staining in different solutions and destaining with different approaches. Methods: Four hundred copolyester (Essix® ACE) and 400 polyurethane (Zendura®) samples with different surface textures, smooth and rough, were stained in 4 different solutions (n = 100 per solution) over 28 days. Each of the four groups of 100 stained samples of each material was subdivided into 5 groups of 20 samples and subjected to different destaining solutions. Light transmittance and color changes were evaluated using a spectrometer and a spectrophotometer. Mean differences were compared using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc multiple comparison tests at P = 0.05. Results: No significant differences in light transmittance were found between both untreated materials. Both materials were stained in a similar fashion and showed no significant differences between two materials after staining. Coffee and tea stained both materials more significantly than wine, but there was a significant difference of changes of color and light transmittance between rough and smooth surfaces during the destaining in coffee- and tea-stained samples of copolyester material. All destaining solutions were effective at removing all stains on the samples. The surface roughness of the material plays a significant role in the ability of the materials to be destained, demonstrating a more significant greater effect on cleaning rough samples for improvements in light-transmittance and greater changes in color. Conclusions: This study concluded that the surface of materials plays a significant role in the material destaining and staining. In addition, the different polymers used for retainer fabrication exhibited different responses during the destaining process depending on types of stains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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