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Aging is a very complicated biological process that can change gene expressions. The Chinese rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta lasiota ; CR) is closely related to humans. We explored gene expression with increasing age and DNA methylation changes in young and old CRs. Results showed blood transcriptome and DNA methylome significantly changed from young to old CRs. The age-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were associated with age-related biological features, such as immunity, blood coagulation, and biosynthetic process. The measurements of coagulation indicators confirmed old CRs had shorter coagulation time than young CRs, and the activities of coagulation factor II (FII) and factor VIII (FVIII) were enhanced in old CRs. Humans and CRs exhibited the same enhanced blood coagulation with age phenotype. Our study found aging is a critical factor affecting gene expression in CRs, and also provided new insights into the blood coagulation changes in non-human primates. • Identified the age-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of rhesus macaques in peripheral blood. • Comparison of the age-related DEGs provides a similar aging pattern between rhesus macaques and humans. • Associated pathways enriched by age-related DEGs and DMRs is consistent with other mammals regarding metabolism and immunity. • Enhanced blood coagulation in macaques with increasing age verified by both omics and physiological indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Six C-3′-C-6″ type of biflavonoids were isolated from S. trichoclada. • RF-A showed the strongest activity against MCF-7 cells among all isolated compounds. • RF-A induced the accumulation of ROS and Lipid peroxidation in MCF-7 cells. • RF-A induced ferroptosis in MCF-7 cells via the upregulation of VDAC2 protein. Breast cancer is one of the major malignant tumors in females, and currently, recurrence and metastasis are the main obstacles preventing effective breast cancer treatment. Biflavonoids of secondary metabolites from plants are excellent anticancer agents to fight sensitive and resistant breast cancer cell lines. In this study, six C-3′-C-6″ biflavonoids, including one new robustaflavone A (1 , RF-A) and five known robustaflavone derivatives (2 – 6) , were isolated from Selaginella trichoclada for the first time. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of compounds 1 – 6 against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Among the six compounds, RF-A showed the strongest activity, decreasing cell viability with an IC 50 value of 11.89 μΜ. Furthermore, RF-A strikingly induced MCF-7 nonapoptotic cell death through ferroptosis by enhancing the expression of VDAC2 channels and reducing the expression of Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to lipid peroxidation and ROS production. The results suggested that RF-A has potential as a novel breast cancer treatment through its regulation of the mitochondrial VDAC2 and Nedd4 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is no epidemiological evidence on the effects of maternal exposure to ambient particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM 10) and anencephaly risk in offspring. We conducted a population-based case-control study in Liaoning Province, China. The case group consisted of 663 cases with anencephaly and the control group consisted of 7950 healthy infants from the Maternal and Child Health Certificate Registry of Liaoning Province that were born between 2010 and 2015. Daily PM 10 concentrations were obtained from 77 monitoring stations located within the study area. A multivariable logistic regression model was established to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Maternal PM 10 exposure was significantly associated with an increased risk of anencephaly at three months before conception (highest versus lowest tertile: OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.29–2.34; per 10 μg/m3 increment: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06–1.20) and three months after conception (highest versus lowest tertile: OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.44–2.60; per 10 μg/m3 increment: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.95–1.08). The evaluation of shorter exposure windows revealed similar associations for PM 10 exposure from the third month before pregnancy to the third month after pregnancy. Maternal PM 10 exposure is positively associated with anencephaly risk during the critical period of neural system development. • There is no epidemiological evidence of maternal exposure to PM 10 and anencephaly risk. • Maternal exposure to PM 10 before and after pregnancy increases anencephaly risk. • Environmental health policies and actions should be adopted to reduce PM 10 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors and has a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. Traditional treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, still face some challenges because of high drug resistance and toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary to discover a new kind of targeted drug with low toxicity and high efficiency. CDK12 is a cell cycle-dependent kinase whose main function is to activate RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and promote the transcriptional extension of RNA. However, the role and molecular mechanism of CDK12 in lung cancer are still unclear. In this study, the mutation and RNA-Seq data of CDK12 in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed with the custom scripts. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and cell colony formation assays. A subcutaneous tumor experiment in nude mice was used to examine the effects of CDK12 knockdown on the in vivo tumor growth of NSCLC cells. The cell cycle distribution and the apoptosis rate of lung cancer cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Regulation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) by CDK12 was evaluated by quantitative PCR, immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. In this study we have analyzed the mutation and expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and found that CDK12 is highly expressed in lung cancer tissues. Clinical correlation analysis showed that high expression of CDK12 in NSCLC reduces patient survival, but its high expression is only related to early tumor progression and has no significant correlation with late tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we present evidence that CDK12 depletion in lung cancer cell lines not only leads to the inhibition of cell growth and induces apoptosis but also inhibits tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo. CDK12 positively regulates the expression of the oncogene TBK1 in lung cancer cells. These results revealed that CDK12 affects the progression of non-small cell lung cancer through positive regulation of TBK1 expression, suggesting that CDK12 might be a potential molecular target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. • CDK12 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. • Knockdown CDK12 may inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce apoptosis. • CDK12 regulates positively the expression of TBK1. • We have revealed the functions and regulation of CDK12 in non-small cell lung cancer as an oncogene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The structure of polyhydroxy serratene triterpenoids is quite novel. • All compounds revealed selective cytotoxicities against MCF-7 cells. • Biosynthetic pathways of compounds were proposed. • UV spectrums provide some references for the structure of serratene triterpenoids. Phytochemical investigation of the 70% aqueous EtOH extract of Lycopodium complanatum led to six new polyhydroxy serratene triterpenoids (serrat A-F, 1 – 6), along with a known analogue (7). Their structures and configurations were elucidated by data analysis of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, in combination with comparisons of reported experimental spectroscopic data. All the isolates were evaluated cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells, MCF-7 cells and series human lung cancer cell lines A549, Calu-6, NCI-H441, NCI-H226 and NCI-H1975. The results indicated that certain compounds inhibited proliferation of human cancer cells. Moreover, all compounds possessed selective cytotoxic activities on MCF-7 cells. Further, possible biosynthesis pathways of these compounds were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Catalytic synthesis of imines from a cascade reductive imination of nitroarenes with aldehydes. • High activity and selectivity of this cascade reduction to imines enabled by PtCo/CoBO x. • Competitive adsorption of reactants/products on PtCo/CoBO x for the high catalytic performance. Catalytic synthesis of imines from one-pot cascade hydrogen reductive imination of nitroarenes with aldehydes represents a facile, green and valuable process; however, such an economical process suffers from the poor chemoselectivity due to competitive hydrogenation of aldehydes and over-hydrogenation of imines into N -alkylated amines. Herein, bimetallic PtCo nanoparticles anchored on cobalt borate nanosheets (PtCo/CoBO x) can facilitate the unparalleled activity and selectivity towards imines through the same imination. The high chemoselectivity of imines is resulted from the competitive adsorption of reactants and products on PtCo/CoBO x , including (1) weakened adsorption of imines and its uncompetitive adsorption with aromatic amines (from nitroarenes) on bimetallic PtCo to minimize its over-hydrogenation; (2) competitive adsorption of nitroarenes on PtCo and preferential adsorption of aldehydes/nitroarenes on hydroxyl-enriched CoBO x through hydrogen bond formation to suppress hydrogenation of both aldehydes and imines; and (3) kinetically and competitively preferred reduction of nitroarenes over aldehydes to avoid hydrogenation of aldehydes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change may lead to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and pose public health challenges to human health and the already overloaded healthcare system. It is therefore important to review current knowledge and identify further directions in China, the largest developing country in the world. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between climate variability and infectious disease transmission in China in the new millennium. Literature was identified using the following MeSH terms and keywords: climatic variables [temperature, precipitation, rainfall, humidity, etc.] and infectious disease [viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases]. Fifty-eight articles published from January 1, 2000 to May 30, 2018 were included in the final analysis, including bacterial diarrhea, dengue, malaria, Japanese encephalitis, HFRS, HFMD, Schistosomiasis. Each 1 °C rise may lead to 3.6%–14.8% increase in the incidence of bacillary dysentery disease in south China. A 1 °C rise was corresponded to an increase of 1.8%–5.9% in the weekly notified HFMD cases in west China. Each 1 °C rise of temperature, 1％ rise in relative humidity and one hour rise in sunshine led to an increase of 0.90%, 3.99% and 0.68% in the monthly malaria cases, respectively. Climate change with the increased temperature and irregular patterns of rainfall may affect the pathogen reproduction rate, their spread and geographical distribution, change human behavior and influence the ecology of vectors, and increase the rate of disease transmission in different regions of China. Exploring relevant adaptation strategies and the health burden of climate change will assist public health authorities to develop an early warning system and protect China's population health, especially in the new 1.5 °C scenario of the newly released IPCC special report. • Many infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are mostly affected by climate variability and climate change. • The impact of climate change on infectious disease transmission may be more prevalent in southern cities of China. • More infectious studies with multiple-locations and a long study period as well as adaptation strategies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS nanoparticles was hybridized with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) sheets and titanium metal-organic framework (MOF) using a facile solvothermal method, for the catalytic photodegradation of Rhodamine B dyes under visible light irradiation. Characterization of as-obtained samples was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, thermogravimetric analysis, N 2 absorption-desorption and ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectra. The CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF composite (238.43 m2/g) exhibited a remarkably high photocatalytic activity under the visible light irradiation, the degradation rate reached almost 90.2% for RhB after 90min reaction, far outperforming other decent photocatalysts like pure CdS, MOF, g-C 3 N 4 under the same conditions. The superior photocatalytic activity of the CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF composite is attributed to enhanced separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs, as well as increased visible-light absorption. Therefore, CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF composites, prepared using a facile method are applicable to the development of the novel high-efficiency photocatalytic samples for future research. we report a simple method to synthesize inorganic-organic composite photocatalysts of CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF. the photodegradation tests of RhB indicate that the photocatalytic activity of CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF is much higher than in CdS, Ti-MOF and g-C 3 N 4. What's more, a plausible mechanism for electron-hole separation of CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF composites is depicted in the following picture. Image 1 • An efficient CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF photocatalyst was synthesized. • Photocatalytic efficiency of CdS/g-C 3 N 4 /MOF on RhB was higher than pure CdS, g-C 3 N 4 and MOF. • Possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism for the RhB was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The catalytic oxidation behavior of C6-OH group in treated pulps was deeply studied. • The time-dependent oxidation is mainly affected by TEMPO and NaOCl's concentration. • A kinetic description of the generated carboxyl in treated pulps was firstly declared. Abstract This article conducted an investigation on the selective oxidation of C6-OH in cellulosic chains during TEMPO-oxidized process of bamboo pulps under different conditions, from which the kinetic behaviors and model for describing the fate of carboxyl groups in treated pulps were studied. It was found that the end concentration of carboxyl groups in treated pulps is mainly affected by the time-dependent TEMPO and NaOCl concentration. Meanwhile, the NaBr dosage and process temperature could also affect the reaction rate of carboxylate generation. Based on the experimental data directly from the determination of carboxyl groups, the proposed kinetic model could describe the TEMPO oxidation process of bamboo pulps at various process conditions, and there is a good correlation (R2 = 0.9608) between the measured and predicted data. According to the model, a two-stage kinetic description with different orders about the carboxyl generation based on the modelling was firstly declared in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Ten new withanolides and three artificial withanolides were isolated from the aerial parts of Tubocapsicum anomalum. • A chemical conversion from 16 α ,17 α –epoxywithanolides to Δ13,14–16 α –hydroxywithanolides was achieved by Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. • Cytotoxicity of all isolated compounds 1 – 18 were evaluated in vitro. Abstract Ten new withanolides (1 – 10) and three artificial withanolides (11 – 13) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tubocapsicum anomalum , together with five known analogues (14 – 18). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and chemical methods. They include seven acnistin–type (1 – 4 , 11 , 14 and 15), three withajardin–type (5 – 7), and eight normal–type (8 – 10 , 12 , 13 and 16 – 18) withanolides. Of normal–type withanolides, a chemical conversion from the 16 α ,17 α –epoxywithanolide (16) to Δ13,14–16 α –hydroxywithanolide (18) was achieved by Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (HCT–116, HepG2, MCF–7 and A375). Among them, compounds 1 – 3 , 6 – 8 , 14 , 16 – 18 showed cytotoxic activity with IC 50 values of 0.24–8.71 μ M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Cell division cycle 25 B (CDC25B) is a member of the CDC25 phosphatase family. It can dephosphorylate cyclin-dependent kinases and regulate the cell division cycle. Moreover, siRNA knockdown of CDC25B impairs influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Here, to further understand the regulatory mechanism of CDC25B for IAV replication, a CDC25B-knockout (KO) 293T cell line was constructed using CRISPR/Cas9. The present data indicated that the replication of IAV was decreased in CDC25B-KO cells. Additionally, CDC25B deficiency damaged viral polymerase activity, nucleoprotein (NP) self-oligomerization, and NP nuclear export. Most importantly, we found that the NP phosphorylation levels were significantly increased in CDC25B-KO cells. These findings indicate that CDC25B facilitates the dephosphorylation of NP, which is vital for regulating NP functions and the life cycle of IAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular assembly governs the formation and properties of many soft materials. Hence, it is significant to develop convenient approaches to control the assembly process. In this work, it is demonstrated that by using surfactants consisting of a sorbitan group (either ethoxylated or not) and an aliphatic chain, as additives, the fractal fiber network structure of a π gelator (with two alkyl chains) can be engineered. The two surfactants, which have the same hydrophobic tails but different hydrophilic heads, demonstrate different effects on the fiber network of the gelator. The surfactant with a large hydrophilic head (ethoxylated sorbitan) promotes fiber tip branching and that with a smaller hydrophilic head (non-ethoxylated sorbitan) enhances fiber side branching. Fractal analysis based on the Avrami model also demonstrates enhancement of fiber branching by the surfactants. Furthermore, the fluorescence emission of the gelator is enhanced by more than 30%. The observations have significant implications in engineering a class of supramolecular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interzeolite transformation (IZT) has been used to produce zeolite with novel structure and composition. However, the complicated interactions between synthesis parameters and the resultant zeolites remained ambiguous. Herein, we synthesized zeolite SSZ-13 via an IZT strategy by using coal fly ash-derived analcime as parent zeolite. The effects of feeding H 2 O/SiO 2 , OH-/SiO 2 , and SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratios on the crystallization of zeolite SSZ-13 were examined. The crystallinity, pore structure, building units, and chemical environment of the products were investigated by XRD, SEM, XRF, N 2 adsorption-desorption, FT-IR, and NMR, respectively. Zeolite SSZ-13 with high crystallinity and regular pore structure can be obtained under feeding H 2 O/SiO 2 ratios of 17.5–25, OH-/SiO 2 ratios of 0.2–0.6, and Al 2 O 3 /SiO 2 ratios of 30–40. The absence of external water limited the mass transfer between reactants. While excessive water lessened the driving force for synthesizing zeolite SSZ-13 with regular structure. Small amounts of OH- ions triggered the dissociation of zeolite analcime. But high concentrations of OH- ions blocked the condensation of Si reactants and nucleation of zeolite SSZ-13. Increasing SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio boosted the nucleation frequency. Insufficient contents of external Si species delayed nucleation and formed amorphous aluminosilicate impurities. The superfluous SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio caused the overgrowth of zeolite SSZ-13 with irregular structures. Our findings benefited in understanding the interaction among synthesis parameters and the crystallization mechanism of IZT. It also gained new strategies for synthesizing high-silica zeolite using Al-rich natural and industrial aluminosilicate solid wastes. [Display omitted] • Zeolite SSZ-13 was synthesized transforming from coal fly ash-derived analcime. • Effects of H 2 O/SiO 2 , OH−/SiO 2 , and SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratios on SSZ-13 were examined. • Added water determined mass transfer of reactants and crystallization driving force. • OH− ions triggered dissociation of analcime but inhibited nucleation of SSZ-13. • High Si contents boosted nucleation frequency but impacted product purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nucleoprotein (NP) is a major component of the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex that is responsible for viral replication, transcription and packaging of influenza A virus. Phosphorylation of NP plays an important role during viral infection. In the present study, we identified threonine 188 (T188) as a novel phosphorylated residue in the NP of influenza A virus by using mass spectrometry. T188 is located within nuclear export signal 2 (NES2) which is chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-independent. We observed that the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of residue T188 regulated viral replication by controlling NES2-dependent NP nuclear export and the polymerase activity of the vRNP complex. Our findings provide further insights for understanding the replication of influenza A virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel chromium (VI) ion-imprinted polymer (Cr(VI)-IIP) was prepared using surface ion imprinting technique on graphene oxide-mesoporous silica (GO-MS) nanosheets with 3-(2-amino ethyl amino) propyl trimethoxysilane as the functional monomer. The prepared Cr(VI)-IIP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The prepared Cr(VI)-IIP was then applied to remove Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution. The influences of functional monomer amount, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, solution pH and temperature, on the adsorption performance of Cr(VI)-IIP were investigated. Adsorption experiments revealed that the sorption equilibrium was achieved within 5 min with a high adsorption capacity up to 438.1 mg g −1 , and the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The Cr(VI)-IIP exhibited superior selectivity for Cr(VI) with respected to Cr(III), Mo(VI), PO 4 3− , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − . Moreover, Cr(VI)-IIP showed good reusability in five adsorption/desorption cycles. Results indicated that the synthesized Cr(VI)-IIP possessed excellent potential applications for the treatment of wastewaters containing Cr(VI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for a perfect model to mimic the properties of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has inspired great interest. Rational design and redesign of the structure–function relationship has become an indispensable technique. In this report, the active site of selenosubtilisin was successfully rebuilt by transferring the catalytically essential residue selenocysteine (Sec) to the edge of the substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme by artificial manipulation. Founding on computer-aided molecular simulation, the amino acid residue at position 63 (Ser in the wild-type enzyme) was selectively replaced with Sec using a cysteine auxotrophic expression system. The novel seleno 63 -subtilisin E gave a prominent 100-fold higher efficiency than the original seleno 221 -subtilisin E for GPx activity. Moreover, this seleno 63 -subtilisin E also had efficient hydrolase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two enantiomeric pairs of acylphloroglucinols were isolated from Syzygium szemaoense. • They possess a macrocyclic system with an unprecedented carbon skeleton. • A new biogenetically related long-chain acylphloroglucinol was also obtained. • Some of the isolates showed inhibitory effects on ACLY and DRAK2. Two enantiomeric pairs of macrocyclic acylphloroglucinols (1a / 1b and 2a / 2b) with an unprecedented carbon skeleton featuring a bicyclo[12.3.1]octadecane core, together with an undescribed biogenetically related long-chain acylphloroglucinol (3), were isolated from Syzygium szemaoense. Their structures were fully established by spectroscopic method, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and ECD calculation. Compounds 1b and 2a / 2b exhibited inhibition against death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis inducing protein kinase 2 (DRAK2) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silkworm silk fibers are core-shell composites of fibroin and sericin proteins. Studying the interactions between fibroin and sericin is essential for understanding the properties of these composites. It is observed that compared to the domestic silk cocoon Bombyx mori ( B. mori ), the adhesion between fibroin and sericin from the wild silk cocoon, Antheraea pernyi ( A. pernyi ), is significantly stronger with a higher degree of heterogeneity. The adsorption of A. pernyi sericin on its fibroin is almost twice the value for B. mori sericin on fibroin, both showing a monolayer Langmuir adsorption. 1 H NMR and FTIR studies demonstrate on a molecular level the stronger interactions and the more intensive complex formation between A. pernyi fibroin and sericin, facilitated by the hydrogen bonding between glycine and serine. The findings of this study may help the design of composites with superior interfacial adhesion between different components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High PM 2.5 concentration threats ecosystem functions but limited quantitative studies have recognized PM 2.5 pollution as an individual stressor in evaluating ecological risk. In this study, we applied a machine-learning-based simulation model incorporating full-coverage satellite-driven PM 2.5 dataset to estimate high-resolution ground PM 2.5 concentration for the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province, China (GTSF) in 2030 under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Based on the simulation output, the ecological risk's spatiotemporal change and the risk for different land cover types, which were caused by PM 2.5 pollution, were assessed. We found that the PM 2.5 levels and ecological risk in the GTSF under RCP 4.5 would be reduced while those under RCP 8.5 would continue to increase. The regions with the highest ecological risk under RCP 4.5 are the most urbanized and industrialized districts, while those with the highest ecological risk under RCP 8.5 are of the highest rate in urbanization and the greatest decrease in planetary potential layer height. For both base years and 2030 under two RCPs, the ecological risk on developed land is the highest, while that on the forest is the lowest. Our study can provide useful information for environmental policy risk assessment. • Model simulations captured spatio-temporal trends of PM 2.5 in 2030 under two RCPs. • We assessed the ecological risk of PM 2.5 considering regional disparities. • The variation of land cover, population and climate change will induce polarized ecological risk under two RCPs. • The developed land in the GTSF has the highest ecological risk and the forest the lowest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Four types of novel heterocyclic derivatives (a total of 31 compounds) as glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors were designed, synthesized and evaluated. • The structure–activity relationship (SAR) of synthesized compounds was demonstrated. • Compound IIIh showed strong inhibitory activity against both RMGP (IC 50 = 0.21 ± 0.03 µM) and HBGP (IC 50 = 0.09 ± 0.002 µM). • Compound IIIh as a potential glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor has beneficial effect on cardioprotective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of GP inhibitor as a potential pharmaceutical target on MI/R injury. Four different structural types of novel compounds (I, II, III, and IV) were designed and synthesized, obtaining 31 novel GP inhibitors. SAR studies revealed that the conjugates of 5-chloroindole with benzo six-membered heterocyclic were found to elevate the activity. In particular, compound IIIh (IC 50 = 0.21 ± 0.03 µM) emerged as a potent derivative against RMGPa, being approximately 2-fold less potent than that of PSN-357. In order to screen out a compound for in vivo activity test, we further conducted an experiment of inhibition against three different subtypes of GPa (HLGPa, HMGPa and HBGPa) and the corresponding affinity experiment. As a result, compound IIIh showed strong inhibitory activity against the above three subtypes of GP, especially on HBGPa (IC 50 = 0.09 ± 0.002 µM), which was relatively close to that of positive control ingliforib (IC 50 = 0.16 ± 0.02 µM). The affinity of compound IIIh to HBGPa was 4.3 times higher than that of HLGPa, and 1.1 times higher than that of HMGPa. This fact further proved that compound IIIh has a higher inhibitory effect on HMGPa than the other two subtypes. Besides, in vivo activity evaluation demonstrated that compound IIIh exhibited obviously cardioprotective effect on MI/R injury mice. The discovery of compound IIIh provides a new strategy for developing novel GP inhibitors with myocardial ischemia protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor air pollution (IAP) exposure and psychological status have been recognized as important risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, but their mediating effects on recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) have not been analyzed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the association between IAP and RSA and to examine the mediating effect of psychological status on their association. This study included 830 RSA cases and 2156 controls in Gansu province, China. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) questionnaires were used to collect information on participants' psychological status. The IAP exposure was collected by the survey on cooking fuel use, kitchen ventilation characteristics, cooking styles, and indoor smoking, etc. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between IAP exposure and RSA. The mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediation effects of IAP and psychological status on RSA while controlling for confounding. Among these cases, 16.87% cooked with unclean cooking fuel (UCF) and 37.00% lacked cooking ventilation, which was much higher than the controls. Active smoking and the use of UCF were associated with RSA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.374 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.510–7.541] and 1.822 (95% CI: 1.328–2.500), respectively. We found that the use of a range hood was a protective factor for RSA, with an OR of 0.590 (95% CI: 0.463–0.752). There was a significant mediation effect of depression on the association between IAP and RSA, which accounted for 5.61%–9.22% of the total effect of IAP on RSA. The IAP may be an important risk factor for RSA, which may be intensified by the poor psychological status, and the use of ventilation equipment when cooking is a protective factor for RSA. [Display omitted] • Indoor air pollution due to cooking and smoking affects RSA. • Depression and anxiety were associated with indoor air pollution and RSA. • The psychological status mediates the effect of indoor air pollution on RSA. • Use of ventilation equipment is a protective factor for RSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Four undescribed seco -polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from H. elodeoides. • A possible biosynthetic pathway of 1 – 4 from normal PAPs was proposed. • Compound 1 induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. • Compound 1 arrested cell cycle at S phase via inducing oxidative DNA damage. Four undescribed seco -polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (seco -PAPs), elodeoidesones A-D (1 – 4), were characterized from Hypericum elodeoides. Compound 1 represents the 1,6- seco -PAPs with fascinating 5/5 fused ring, while 2 – 4 possess a 1,2- seco -PAPs skeleton with a five-membered lactone core. Their structures including absolute configurations were established by spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical computations. A possible biosynthetic pathway of 1 – 4 from normal PAPs was proposed. All the isolates were investigated for their cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Notably, 1 inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells with the IC 50 value of 7.34 μM. Mechanism investigation indicated that 1 induced MCF-7 cells apoptosis by blocking cell cycle at S phase via inducing oxidative DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are associated with hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) in China. Early detection of HCC can significantly improve prognosis but is not yet fully clinically feasible. This study aims to develop methods for detecting HCC and studying the carcinogenesis of HBV using plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Low coverage WGS was performed for 452 participants, including healthy individuals, hepatitis B patients, cirrhosis patients, and HCC patients. Then the sequencing data were processed using various machine learning models based on cfDNA fragmentation profiles for cancer detection. Our best model achieved a sensitivity of 87.10% and a specificity of 88.37%, and it showed an increased sensitivity with higher BCLC stages of HCC. Overall, this study proves the potential of a non-invasive assay based on cfDNA fragmentation profiles for the detection and prognosis of HCC and provides preliminary data on the carcinogenic mechanism of HBV. • Each of four cohorts harbours unique cfDNA fragmentation profile, indicating potential biomarker for cancer early detection. • cfDNA fragmentation profiles vary between relapse and non-relapse groups of HCC patients. • HBV integration cause specific cfDNA epigenomic alterations to host genome, which can be eased after antiviral therapy. • cfDNA fragmentation profiles predict significant portion of hepatitis B and cirrhosis patient have early signs of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new one-dimensional (1D) All-In-One (AIO) type CuI-based hybrid semiconductors with both dative and ionic bonds between the inorganic and organic components have been successfully designed and synthesized by using the ligands containing both cationic center and coordination available sites. Structural analysis confirms that all compounds share the same formula of Cu 4 I 6 (L) 2 (L ​= ​ligand) and are composed of 1D-Cu 4 I 6 2− anionic chains that coordinate to cationic ligands. These materials demonstrate high stability towards heat and moisture and excellent solution processability due to their unique bonding nature. They emit low energy light ranging from green to orange color (530–590 ​nm). The origin and mechanism of their emissions were studied by both experimental and theoretical methods. More importantly, all compounds can be easily fabricated into films by solution process, a desired but rare feature for most of CuI-based hybrids built of extended networks. Three new 1D-CuI-based inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductors composed of both coordinate and ionic bonds have been synthesized and characterized. All compounds demonstrate high stability, remarkable solution processibility and tunable photoluminescence. [Display omitted] • 3 new CuI-based hybrid semiconductors composed of both coordinate and ionic bonds are synthesized. • All compounds are strongly luminescent and exhibit high framework stability. • The emission mechanism has been studied both experimentally and theoretically. • All compounds show remarkable solution processability due to their unique bonding nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of apple powder strong hygroscopicity, wheat gluten was selected as a natural anticaking agent and added into apple powder in different proportions. The moisture absorption data of the samples was monitored in different relative humidity environments at 25 °C and 35 °C. The results showed that the addition of wheat gluten could reduce the equilibrium moisture content and the size and number of agglomerates of freeze-dried apple powder. The fitting parameters of the Guggenheim-Anderson-DeBoer and the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance results revealed that the existence of wheat gluten restricted the water migration, which was conducive to maintain a good particle state of powder. To sum up, the wheat gluten as an anticaking agent could not only have the effect of inhibiting moisture absorption during the storage of freeze-dried apple powder, but also possess the potential to be used in various fruit powder production. [Display omitted] • The apple powder was prepared by the method of freeze-drying. • Wheat gluten reduced equilibrium moisture content and agglomerates of apple powder. • Wheat gluten changed the moisture absorption isotherms type of apple powder. • The existence of wheat gluten restricted the water migration of apple powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have shown that microorganisms are key factors in the transformation of dark tea chemicals. However, these studies have mainly used relative abundance to study the diversity of the microbial community during tea fermentation. The dynamics of microbial density and assembly of abundant and rare microbes remains poorly understood. In this study, the entire manufacturing process of Qingzhuan brick tea (QBT) was studied at an industrial scale. The succession of both bacterial and fungal communities was investigated using high-throughput sequencing along with quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Changes in non-volatile flavor components, including soluble sugar (SS), total polyphenols (TP), nine tea catechins, caffeine, 21 free amino acids, and three tea pigments were detected. Mantel test showed that both bacterial and fungal community structures were significantly correlated with environmental variables during the microbial fermentation process but not during the aging process. The absolute microbial density was calculated based on qPCR gene copies and relative abundance. The quantitative microbiota network showed that dominant microbes constitute the basic skeleton of the network, while rare microbes have a stronger correlation with various flavor contents. These results help to understand the assembly of microbial communities and their role in the formation of tea flavor substances. • Microbes affect the flavor of fermented QBT during the microbial fermentation process but not during the aging process. • The content of GA, CAF, and GABA increased during the manufacturing process. • Bacterial community showed a stronger correlation with the global environmental variables than the fungal community. • Dominant microbes constitute the basic skeleton of the network. • Rare microbes showed strong correlation with various flavor contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pickering emulsions stabilized by biopolymers have been gaining increasing attention in recent years. In this work, chitosan/guar gum (CS/GG) nanoparticles were formed by hydrogen bond interactions between amino of CS and hydroxyl of GG. The surface charge and aggregation degree of CS/GG nanoparticles could be regulated by pH value to yield Pickering emulsion of superior quality. Emulsions had optimal physical stability at pH 6.0 and oil fraction of 0.6, with the lowest creaming index of 1.81 ± 0.21% after six months of storage at 4 °C. Contents of primary and secondary oxidation products stored at 37 °C for 30 days in Tween 80-stabilized emulsion are almost 1.46 and 1.66 times that of CS/GG-stabilized Pickering emulsion. These results indicated that CS/GG-stabilized Pickering emulsion had better lipid oxidation stability than Tween 80-stabilized emulsion. In addition, the retention rate of astaxanthin of CS/GG-stabilized astaxanthin Pickering emulsion (85.9 ± 0.57%) was higher than Tween 80-stabilized astaxanthin emulsion (66.12 ± 0.71%) stored at 37 °C for 30 days. This result indicated that the stability of CS/GG-stabilized astaxanthin-loaded Pickering emulsion was better than Tween 80-astaxanthin emulsion. This study provides a framework for applying Pickering emulsions formed using polysaccharide particles in functional foods. [Display omitted] • CS/GG complex nanoparticles were obtained as Pickering stabilizers. • Aggregation degree and size of CS/GG nanoparticles could be regulated by pH value. • CS/GG Pickering emulsion had better stability than Tween 80-based emulsion. • CS/GG Pickering emulsions encapsulated and stabilized astaxanthin effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) in binary solvents of (N,N-dimethylformamide + acetonitrile) was measured using a laser monitoring observation technique. In this study, the solubility of HNS in (DMF + CAN) mixtures was measured over the temperature range from (298.15 to 338.15) K under atmospheric pressure. From the experimental results, the solubility of HNS in DMF was found to increase with increasing temperature and mass fraction of DMF. The experimental values were correlated with the CNIBS/R–K model, modified Apelblat equation and Jouyban–Acree model. The effect of solvent composition and temperature on the solubility was discussed. The standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and the Gibbs energy were calculated according to the experimental solubility data. The solubility data, correlation equations and thermodynamic property obtained from this study would be invoked as basic data and models regarding the crystallization process of HNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a simple graph. Its energy is defined as E ( G ) = ∑ k = 1 n | λ k | , where λ 1 , λ 2 , … , λ n are the eigenvalues of G . A well-known result on the energy of graphs is the Coulson integral formula which gives a relationship between the energy and the characteristic polynomial of graphs. Let μ 1 ≥ μ 2 ≥ ⋯ ≥ μ n = 0 be the Laplacian eigenvalues of G . The general Laplacian-energy-like invariant of G , denoted by LEL α ( G ) , is defined as ∑ μ k ≠ 0 μ k α when μ 1 ≠ 0 , and 0 when μ 1 = 0 , where α is a real number. In this paper we give a Coulson-type integral formula for the general Laplacian-energy-like invariant for α = 1 / p with p ∈ Z + \ { 1 } . This implies integral formulas for the Laplacian-energy-like invariant, the normalized incidence energy and the Laplacian incidence energy of graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The canonical structure of DNA has four bases – Thymine (T), Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G) – and DNA codes are regarded as words over the alphabet set Σ = { A , C , G , T } , satisfying certain combinatorial conditions. Good DNA codes are desirable for DNA computation, DNA microarray technologies and molecular barcodes, etc. One of the main tasks in DNA code designing is to build more codewords and better GC -content for given fixed word length n . Existing heuristic methods work well for small n . In this paper, we present a systematic method for constructing good DNA codes for large n by using irreducible cyclic codes. Being different from traditional DNA constructions, our method is based on algebraic number theory rather than classical heuristic algorithms and the conventional coding theory. Furthermore, comparing with the traditional DNA codes, our codes have larger number of codewords and better GC -content. As far as we know, it is the very first time to utilize irreducible cyclic codes for constructing a type of DNA codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A knowledge of the solubility of 3,4-bis(3-nitrofurazan-4-yl)furoxan (DNTF) in different solvents is essential for crystallization and further theoretical studies. The laser monitoring system was used for measuring the solubility of DNTF in methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, benzene, toluene and n -butanol at temperatures ranging from (298.15 to 338.15) K. Polynomial empirical equation, ideal model and modified Apelblat equation were used to correlate the experimental values. The correlated results of three correlation equations present good consistency with the experimental values. In addition, the modified Apelblat equation produced higher accuracy than the polynomial empirical equation and the ideal equation. The standard dissolution enthalpy, standard dissolution entropy and the Gibbs energy were calculated from the experimental values. The solubility values of DNTF and correlation equations from this experiment would be invoked as basic data and models regarding the crystallization process of DNTF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new hybrid lead halides (H 2 BDA)[PbI 4 ] ( 1 ) (H 2 BDA=1,4-butanediammonium dication) and (HNPEIM)[PbI 3 ] ( 2 ) (HNPEIM=N-​phenyl-ethanimidamidine cation) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that compound 1 features a two-dimensional corner-sharing perovskite layer whereas compound 2 contains one-dimensional edge-sharing double chains. The N-​phenyl-ethanimidamidine cation within compound 2 was generated in-situ under solvothermal conditions. The optical absorption spectra collected at room temperature suggest that both compounds are semiconductors having direct band gaps, with estimated values of 2.64 and 2.73 eV for 1 and 2 , respectively. Results from the density functional theory (DFT) calculations are consistent with the experimental data. Density of states (DOS) analysis reveals that in both compounds 1 and 2 , the energy states in the valence band maximum region are iodine 5p atomic orbitals with a small contribution from lead 6s, while in the region of conduction band minimum, the major contributions are from the inorganic (Pb 6p atomic orbitals) and organic components (C and N 2p atomic orbitals) in compound 1 and 2 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind erosion causes significant dust emissions in northwest China, resulting in large amounts of soil organic matter and nutrient losses. It has a significant impact on air quality, climate change, vegetation growth, and economic growth at the regional scale. In this work, the Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry atmospheric chemical transport model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial processes of dust emissions in northwest China from 1980 to 2015. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the loss of soil organic matter and nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) due to dust emissions, and the economic damage from wind erosion, were simulated and calculated. Spatial patterns of soil organic matter and nutrient losses are consistent with dust emission rates across the research region. The average annual dust emissions were approximately 65.17 million tons, with losses of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus resulting from dust emissions of 531,494 tons, 30,754 tons, and 37,095 tons, respectively. In addition, the average annual economic loss caused by wind erosion was 309.25 million yuan in northwest China during the entire study period. This research is valuable for understanding the role of wind erosion on the carbon and nutrient cycles and the mechanism of soil degradation in northwest China and estimating the economic impacts of wind erosion. • A comprehensive evaluation of economic damage due to wind erosion in dust emissions source areas was performed. • The spatiotemporal variation of dust emissions under wind erosion in Northwest China was simulated and analyzed. • The intensity of dust emissions is higher where soil organic matter and nutrient losses are more severe. • The change in economic losses due to wind erosion in Northwest China fluctuates widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taihe silky chicken (TSC) has been consumed as a specialty food in China for over 2200 years. In this study, LC/MS-based lipidomics and GC/MS-based volatilomics were used to compare lipids and volatile compounds of Cobb chicken (CC) and TSC to investigate the differences in meat quality between them. TSC showed higher intramuscular fat content, linoleic acid (C18:2), arachidonic acid (C20:4), and dococsahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA) (p < 0.05). Lipidomic analysis revealed significant differences between CC and TSC lipids at class and molecular levels. We found that 106 and 69 lipid molecules could be used as potential biomarkers to distinguish TSC in positive and negative modes, respectively. The volatile compounds in CC and TSC were clearly different. We screened 24 volatiles that can be used as potential biomarkers. Our study revealed exhaustive TSC profiles of lipidomic and volatilomic and can help to distinguish and evaluate Chinese black-bone chicken. • Lipidomics and volatilomics profiling of Cobb chicken (CC) and Taihe black-boned silky chicken (TSC) was performed. • Volatilomic profiles from Chinese black-bone chicken were characterized by Q Exactive GC-Orbitrap-MS. • Two kinds of chicken were distinguished based on 53 volatiles identified. • The potential lipid and volatile markers for chicken discrimination were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The colloid of ferrous sulfide modified by humic acid (HA-n-FeS) shows good reduction and immobilization efficiency for variable-valence heavy metals in wastewater. The removal efficiency of HA-n-FeS for halogenated organic pollutants, however, remains unclear, especially in the absence and presence of oxygen. This study addressed this issue by exploring the effect and mechanism of dissolved oxygen on the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by the HA-n-FeS colloid in water. The results showed that the removal efficiency of different concentrations of TBBPA (5,10, and 20 μm) by the HA-n-FeS colloid was 33.16%, 20.48%, and 22.37% in the absence of oxygen, respectively. When TBBPA reacted with the HA-n-FeS colloid, the concentration of Fe(II) and S(-II) remained stable. The adsorption of HA-n-FeS was the main mechanism of removing TBBPA in the absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, the removal efficiency of TBBPA by the HA-n-FeS colloid was 82.37%, 56.80%, and 43.78% (for the above-mentioned TBBPA concentrations), respectively. In addition, the removal capacity of TBBPA by HA-n-FeS was 39.63, 52.21, and 89.75 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of Fe(II) and S(-II) decreased rapidly in time. Among them, the HA-n-FeS colloid removed part of the TBBPA through chemical adsorption. The main way of chemical adsorption was pore adsorption and functional group (olefin C C, phenolic hydroxyl group O–H, alcohol group C–O) combination. Besides, the HA-n-FeS colloid degraded part of the TBBPA into BPA through reduction, in which 17.72% of TBBPA was removed by the reduction of HA-n-FeS colloid. Fe(II) was the main contributor to the reductive degradation of TBBPA. Furthermore, active species (1O 2 and •O 2 −) played a minor role in the removal of TBBPA by the HA-n-FeS colloids with oxygen, where 13% of TBBPA was removed by 1O 2 and •O 2 −. Therefore, in practical applications, the aeration method can be used to significantly improve the removal efficiency of TBBPA by HA-n-FeS colloids in water. [Display omitted] • Enhanced the removal efficiency of TBBPA by HA-n-FeS colloid in the presence of O 2. • The HA-n-FeS colloid degraded part of the TBBPA into BPA through reduction. • The reduction, adsorption & free radical release of HA-n-FeS are the main removal mechanisms. • Chemical adsorption, Fe2+, 1O 2 &.•O 2 − are contributors to the removal of TBBPA in presence O 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although extensive efforts have been carried out to study sludge dewatering mechanism, the lack of universal operating procedures makes it never be satisfactorily explained. This study evaluated the impact of a unified operating procedure on waste activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability by taking the setup of refrigerated storage time as an example. It was found that storage time played an important role in determining WAS dewaterability and sampled WAS should be refrigerated within 2 days. The results showed that after 2-d storage, sludge filterability was deteriorated significantly while the extent of dewatering efficiency had little change. Meanwhile, increasing storage time greatly increased the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and heavy metals, decreased sludge viscosity and weakened its network strength, but had little impact on the floc size and zeta potential of the sludge samples. It can hardly reveal the mechanism of storage time on sludge dewaterability due to the non-uniformity of operating procedures in literatures, which is normally ignored. This study emphasizes a unified operating procedure is crucial to evaluate WAS dewaterability. Therefore, more efforts shall be focused on establishing the uniform operating procedure while advancing applied research in the field of sludge dewatering. [Display omitted] • Refrigerated storage time plays an important role in determining WAS dewaterability. • It can deteriorate WAS filterability but has little impact on dewatering efficiency. • Sampled WAS shall be refrigerated storage within 2 days for dewatering analysis. • The mechanism is unclear due to the non-unified operating procedure in literatures. • A unified operating procedure is crucial to WAS dewatering research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amino acids are often used as growth factors to promote the growth of strains, but we found that adding aspartic acid to the medium could significantly improve the freeze-drying survival rate of some Lactobacillus plantarum (p < 0.05). Our research aimed at Lactobacillus plantarum LIP-1, after exploring its internal mechanism, it is proved that the addition of aspartic acid could significantly reduce the strain's cell wall, cell membrane and DNA damage during the freeze-drying process. Further research concluded some critical points after adding aspartic acid into a medium as below: reduce cell wall damage by increasing the peptidoglycan content, protect the integrity of the cell membrane by increasing the content of long-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and cyclopropane fatty acids in cell membranes, and reduce DNA damage by increasing the intracellular pH. Further studies are needed on improving the freeze-drying survival of strains by altering the composition of culture media. • Aspartic acid could improve survival rate of strain during freeze-drying. • Aspartic acid reduced the damage of strain during freeze drying process. • Aspartic acid could increase the peptidoglycan content in the cell wall. • Aspartic acid could adjust fatty acid composition of the cell membrane. • Aspartic acid reduced DNA damage by increasing intracellular pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] One-pot solvothermal synthesis of graphene–titanium dioxide nanosheets hybrids. [•] The hybrids consist of graphene and titanium dioxide in the form of face-to-face. [•] The hybrids exhibit good rate performance and cycling stability in Li-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat analogues, a kind of healthy promising meat substitute, are gaining more and more attention due to its eco-friendly, personal satisfactory and low cost benefits. In this study, Haematococcus pluvialis residue (HPR) was used for preparing pea protein-based meat analogues by high moisture extrusion. Mixed raw material with HPR contents ranging from 10 g/100g to 40 g/100g can successfully be extruded under high moisture of 50 g/100g. The reddish color of HPR made the extrudates look like dried red meat. HPR could markedly improve the textural properties by loosening the layered and the fibrous structures of meat analogues. The fibrous degree of meat analogues with 10 g/100g (dry basis) HPR content reached the maximum (1.28 ± 0.05). Even though the HPR content increased to 40 g/100g (dry basis), the fibrous degree of meat analogues was 1.15 ± 0.03, which was higher than the extrudates without HPR (1.08 ± 0.05). The mechanism of forming meat analogues with better texture was mainly caused by the increased free water content and β-Sheet structure of extrudates after adding HPR. On the whole, HPR can be used as a raw material for high moisture extrusion to enhance the physical properties of meat analogues. • Haematococcus pluvialis residue (HPR) can be applied to produce meat analogues. • The best fibrous degree of meat analogues was obtained with 10 g/100g HPR. • The band of β-sheet structure shifted to blue wavelength with the addition of HPR. • This is the first report of high moisture extrusion with microalgae residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal stability of the κ-carrageenan/konjac gum (KC/KGM) mixed gel during heating treatment (at 85 °C for 30 min) does not satisfy the demand of the practical application. To solve this problem, gellan gum (GG) or/and Ca2+ were introduced in the κ-carrageenan/konjac gum (KC/KGM) mixed system to enhance mechanical and thermal properties. The effect of GG and Ca2+ on the gel matrix properties was studied by two deformation test (TDT), rheological measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), combined with visual observation. The results showed that neither GG nor Ca2+ alone could reduce the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the KC/KGM gel after heat treatment (at 85 °C for 30 min). Only the participation of GG and Ca2+ could ensure the consistent mechanical properties of the mixed gel before and after heating. The rheological and micro-rheological analysis confirmed that the KC/KGM gel with GG and Ca2+ could always remain solid-state without gel-sol transition under heat treatment. In addition, the thermo-irreversible gels with different texture properties were prepared by adjusting the mass ratio of KC and KGM. Hence, this study may enrich the design of novel gel-based food ingredients. • Either Ca2+ or GG raised the Tgs and Tsg of KC/KGM gels. • An amount of Ca2+ and GG transformed KC/KGM gels into thermo-irreversible gels. • The mass ratio of KC and KGM influenced the texture of thermo-irreversible gels. • This study provided a gel food ingredient with heat resistant treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) is an important part of forest healthcare effect, while it has not received enough attention in urban greenspace construction. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze BVOC emission rates and compositions released from leaves and flowers of landscape species in urban greenspace and to make suggestions for species selection and planting configuration in urban greenspace construction. BVOC emissions were collected and analyzed using dynamic flow enclosure technique with GC-MS in summer months (for leaf) and spring months (for flower) from 14 woody landscape species in northern China, which are 2 coniferous species (Pinus tabuliformis and Sabina vulgaris) and 12 broad-leaved species (Viburnum opulus , Kolkwitzia amabilis , Philadelphus pekinensis , Lonicera maackii , Cercis chinensis , Deutzia parviflora , Berberis thunbergia , Kerria japonica , Rosa xanthina , Syringa oblata , Syringa reticulata , and Cerasus serrulata). We found leaf emission rates of coniferous species were more than 20 μg∙g−1Dw∙h−1 and mainly consisted of monoterpenes, while that of sampled broad-leaved species were less than 10 μg∙g−1Dw∙h−1 and mainly consisted of fatty acid derivatives. Most broad-leaved species had relatively high emission rates of flowers, ranging from 15 to 115 μg∙g−1Dw∙h−1. Flower emissions of Syringa oblata and Syringa reticulata contained large amounts of aldehydes, and that of other broad-leaved species mainly contained terpenes, alcohols, and esters. We suggest the species with leaves that release large amounts of monoterpenes, and species with flowers that release large amounts of fragrant compounds are classified as healthcare species, while species with a dense crown and low emission rates of pungent compounds are classified as space-creation species. Based on this, planners could design urban greenspace with healthcare effects, and develop multi-functional, innovative, and sustainable urban greenspaces. • Biogenic volatile organic compounds can play a significant role in healthcare effects urban greenspace. • Pinus tabuliformis and Sabina vulgaris emit large amounts of compounds with healthcare effects. • Lonicera maackii and Philadelphus pekinensis emit large amounts of pleasant odorous compounds. • Syringa oblata and Syringa reticulata emit large amounts of pungent compounds. • Analysis of flower and leaf emissions should be performed for tree selection in the construction of urban greenspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report the first synthesis of nearly pure-phase Cu 3 Si alloy that can be a highly efficient catalyst in the hydrochlorination of silicon reaction. This material was prepared by a high-temperature (1050 ​°C) calcination method in which copper and silicon powders were used as the reactants. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study revealed that the Cu and Si atoms in the Cu 3 Si alloy carried part of positive and negative charge, respectively. When employed as the catalyst in the silicon hydrochlorination to SiHCl 3 (TCS) for the production of Si polycrystals for Solar cell, the sample Cu 3 Si exhibited excellent low-temperature catalytic performance: the Si conversion and TCS selectivity respectively achieved 41.1% and 96.1% at 250 ​°C. Notably, its TCS yield at 250 ​°C was 1.2 times higher than that of the industrial catalyst-free system at 350 ​°C. Detailed analysis of the reaction process showed that the positively charged Cu atoms and negatively charged Si atoms in Cu 3 Si alloy could cleave the H–Cl bond in the reactant HCl and make the combination of H and Cl atom with Si atoms easier. Meanwhile, the reaction between the remaining Cu atom and Si was accelerated, leading to the generation of more active Cu 6.69 Si and ultimately superior catalytic performance. This work deepens the fundamental understanding of the hydrochlorination of silicon reaction, and provides an avenue for the synthesis of Si-based alloy catalysts. The use of the Cu 3 Si as a catalyst for direct synthesizing trichlorosilane with outstanding low-temperature catalytic performance; the first observation of the transformation of Cu 3 Si to the more active Cu 6.69 Si phase on the Si surface in the catalytic reaction. [Display omitted] • Nearly pure-phase Cu 3 Si alloy was synthesized via a facile high-temperature calcination method. • The Cu 3 Si alloy was used as a catalyst to study its catalytic performance in the Si hydrochlorination reaction. • The Cu 3 Si alloy exhibited excellent low-temperature catalytic performance. • The Cu 6.69 Si phase is identified as the active phase for the selective synthesis of SiHCl 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is a major contributor to global warming. Developing methods that can effectively capture CO2 is the key to reduce its emission to the atmosphere. Recent research shows that microporous metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a promising family of adsorbents that may be promising for use in adsorption based capture and separation of CO2 from power plant waste gases. In this work we report the synthesis, crystal structure analysis and pore characterization of two microporous MOF structures, [M 2(hfipbb)2(ted)] (M=Zn (1), Co (2); H2hfipbb=4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(benzoic acid); ted=triethylenediamine). The CO2 and N2 adsorption experiments and IAST calculations are carried out on [Zn2(hfipbb)2(ted)] under conditions that mimic post-combustion flue gas mixtures emitted from power plants. The results show that the framework interacts with CO2 strongly, giving rise to relatively high isosteric heats of adsorption (up to 28kJ/mol), and high adsorption selectivity for CO2 over N2, making it promising for capturing and separating CO2 from CO2/N2 mixtures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Identifying protein-coding genes in eukaryotic genomes remains a challenge in post-genome era due to the complex gene models. We applied a proteogenomics strategy to detect un-annotated protein-coding regions in mouse genome. High-accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data from diverse mouse samples were generated by LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer in house. Two searchable diagnostic proteomic datasets were constructed, one with all possible encoding exon junctions, and the other with all putative encoding exons, for the discovery of novel exon splicing events and novel uninterrupted protein-coding regions. Altogether 29,586 unique peptides were identified. Aligning backwards to the mouse genome, the translation of 4471 annotated genes was validated by the known peptides; and 172 genic events were defined in mouse genome by the novel peptides. The approach in the current work can provide substantial evidences for eukaryote genome annotation in encoding genes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for labile iron pool (LIP) determination, has been designed and prepared by immobilization of Fluoresceine–Desferrioxamine (Fl–DFO), a bifunctional fluoro-siderophore probe molecule with great affinity for iron ions (pKf =30.7), into highly ordered mesoporous silica structure. Different immobilization methods of Fl–DFO molecules, such as their encapsulation in surfactant micelles used as templating agents for the synthesis of mesoporous silica, direct impregnation into the mesochannels of as-synthesized mesoporous silica and their surface anchoring by covalent binding with propylamine groups implanted by post-synthesis on the internal surface of mesochannels, have been explored. Each nanohybrid has been fully characterized by small angle XRD, TEM, SEM, solid state 29Si and 13C MAS NMR and N2 adsorption–desorption. The fluorescence properties of nanohybrids obtained have been correlated with the immobilization methods, generating interesting information concerning the localization of Fl–DFO molecules in the channels of mesoporous silica. The leaching of Fl–DFO molecules from mesoporous materials has been investigated. The nanosensor prepared by surface anchoring of Fl–DFO at the internal surface of mesochannels showed high performances with no leaching effect and high sensitivity in regards to its responses to ferric ions. Its fluorescence intensity decreased as soon as first FeIII ions are in contact with this nanosensor. A linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the ferric ions concentration was observed in low micromolar range. The selectivity of this nanosensor towards other metal ions has also been tested and shown its high affinity to ferric ions. This study can allow the design of a stable, portable, simple, regenerable and cost-effective nanosensor highly sensitive and selective for iron ions with detection limits in the range of cellular LIP in cells, e.g. lower micromolar range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the present study, platinum nanoparticles modified with Prussian blue (PB) have been synthesized by a heterogeneous catalytic reaction. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) confirmed the deposition of nanoclusters around the surfaces of platinum particles, and spectroscopic studies verified that the molecular composition of the nanoclusters was dominantly PB and a minority of platinum ferricyanide. Thus, it was shown that the platinum particles behaved not only as catalysts for the growth of PB, but also as a reactant to generate a PB analogue complex. Moreover, potassium was not detected in the final product, demonstrating that the molecular nature of PB was in the “water-insoluble” form, . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Bismuth sulfide powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. In order to improve the electrical transport properties of bismuth sulfides, the carrier concentration was optimized by modifying chemical composition of sulfur through producing sulfur vacancies, and the carrier mobility was enhanced by a two-step SPS as a hot-forging process through increasing grain orientation. The electrical resistivity of bismuth sulfides was reduced to 10−4 from 10−2 Ωm by optimizing sulfur content, and further lowered by hot-forging, whereby the power factor was significantly increased from 91 to 254μW/mK2. The hot-forged Bi2S2.90 sample showed the highest ZT=0.11 (at 523K), which is higher than the reported value. The present work revealed that bismuth sulfide compounds as a promising candidate of thermoelectric materials can be synthesized by a simple process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • Ten new polypropionate derivatives, decempyrones A–J (1 – 10) were isolated from Fusarium graminearum. • Absolute configurations were fixed by JBCA, chemical degradation, geminal proton rule, and modified Mosher's method. • Decempyrones C and J exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity. • Decempyrones C and J also displayed MptpA kinase inhibitory activity. Under guidance of 1H NMR, ten new polypropionate derivatives, decempyrones A–J (1 – 10) along with two known analogues (11 and 12), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Fusarium decemcellulare SYSU-MS6716. The planar structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS). The absolute configuration of the chiral centers in the side chain is a major obstacle for the structure identification of natural polypropionate derivatives. Herein, the J -based configurational analysis (JBCA), chemical degradation, geminal proton rule, and the modified Mosher's method were adopted to fix their absolute configurations in the side chain. Compounds 3 and 10 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide with IC 50 values 22.4 ± 1.8 and 21.7 ± 1.1 μM. In addition, compounds 3 and 10 displayed MptpA inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 19.2 ± 0.9 and 33.1 ± 2.9 µM. Structure-activity relationships of the polypropionate derivatives were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A multifunctional three-dimensional quaternary chalcogenide [Na5Zn3.5Sn3.5S13]·6H2O has been synthesized by solvothermal reactions. [Na5Zn3.5Sn3.5S13]·6H2O represents an interesting example of metal chalcogenides that combines semiconductivity, porosity, and light emission in a single structure. It crystallizes in the cubic space group Fm-3c, a=17.8630(3)Å, V=5699.85(17)Å3, Z=8. The compound decomposes at ∼450°C. A band gap of 2.9eV is estimated from the optical diffuse reflectance data. A strong photoluminescence peak is observed at 2.43eV in Mn doped samples. The electronic and optical properties of this compound can be systematically tuned by substitution of metal and chalcogen elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Chicken anemia virus (CAV), the only member of the genus Gyrovirus in the family Circoviridae is the pathogen of chicken infectious anemia. It is unknown whether homologous recombination happens between CAV strains. In order to gain insight into this matter, we have performed a phylogenetic analysis of full-length CAV strains isolated to detect possible recombination events. Two putative recombinants, SD24, SD22 and the putative parental-like strains were identified with the use of SimPlot program. The two mosaic CAV consist of a novel genotype in the phylogenetic tree. It suggests that homologous recombinant plays roles in generating genetic diversity in natural populations of CAV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]