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The global economy has accelerated the transition to a green, low-carbon economy. An enterprise's green innovation (GI) is directly related to its capacity for sustainable production as a micro-subject of economic development. This study examined the impact of managerial capacity on enterprise green innovation and changes of green innovation targeting. We used data collected manually from 423 Chinese A-share companies from 2010 to 2017. The effect of various external impact signals was then investigated. This study's findings are as follows: (1) Managerial ability stimulated green enterprise innovation. The marginal effect was 0.0696. While quality targeting has focused more on green invention innovation, managerial capacity significantly improved the marginal impact of green substantial innovation by 0.0375; (2) The clean production link targeting analysis confirmed that enterprises focused on end-of-pipe governance innovation (0.0466), along with new energy innovation (0.0495) rather than energy-saving innovation (−0.0227); (3) The multi-period DDD (Difference in Difference in Difference) model revealed that low-carbon city policy promoted green innovation with a diminishing trend; (4) The voluntary environmental regulation signals, ISO14001 certification, displayed a substitute effect for managerial capacity on enterprise green innovation. This paper provides recommendations, including that enterprises should improve the utilization of new and renewable energy while improving and optimizing production processes. The government should also improve innovation incentive policies and strengthen environmental information disclosure. • The marginal effect of managerial ability on enterprise green innovation is 0.0696. • Quality targeting focuses more on green invention innovation. • Link targeting focuses more on end-of-pipe governance innovation. • Low-carbon city policy promoted green innovation with a diminishing trend. • ISO14001 certification displayed a substitute effect in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive astrocytes play a complex role in multiple sclerosis, and the astrocytes reactivity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of pain. It is of great significance to explore the genesis and development mechanism of pain in the early stage of multiple sclerosis (MS) for early intervention of the disease. This study aims to explore astrocyte reactivity at different stages of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, a mouse model of MS, and the role of astrocytes in the pain in the early stage of the EAE. In this study, we demonstrated that spinal dorsal horn astrocytes were activated in the pre-clinical stage of EAE mice, and the inhibition of spinal cord astrocyte reactivity effectively alleviates pain symptoms in EAE mice. On the other hand, spinal cord microglia were not directly participated in the early EAE pain. Moreover, the ion channel LRRC8A mediated the reactivity of spinal dorsal horn astrocytes by regulating the STAT3 pathway, therefore playing a role in the early pain of EAE. • The astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn were activated at the early stage of EAE model. • The reactive astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn contributed to the pain at pre-onset stage of EAE model. • The LRRC8A channel was participated into the pain hypersensitivity of EAE model pain by regulating the astrocytes reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]