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[Display omitted] Polymer-based dielectrics with high thermal conductivity and superb dielectric properties hold great promising for advanced electronic packaging and thermal management application. However, integrating these properties into a single material remains challenging due to their mutually exclusive physical connotations. Here, an ideal dielectric thermally conductive epoxy composite is successfully prepared by incorporating multiscale hybrid fillers of boron nitride microsphere (BNMS) and silicon dioxide coated silicon carbide nanoparticles (SiC@SiO 2). In the resultant composites, the microscale BNMS serve as the principal building blocks to establish the thermally conductive network, while the nanoscale SiC@SiO 2 as bridges to optimize the heat transfer and suppress the interfacial phonon scattering. In addition, the special core–shell nanoarchitecture of SiC@SiO 2 can significantly impede the leakage current and generate a great deal of minicapacitors in the composites. Consequently, favorable thermal conductivity (0.76 W/mK) and dielectric constant (∼8.19) are simultaneously achieved in the BNMS/SiC@SiO 2 /Epoxy composites without compromising the dielectric loss (∼0.022). The strategy described in this study provides important insights into the design of high-performance dielectric composites by capitalizing on the merits of different particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike chemical pesticides, antiviral plants are biodegradable, replenishable and safe. In this study, 14 sesquiterpene compounds from Tithonia diversifolia were tested for their activities against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using the half-leaf method. Tagitinin C (Ses-2) and 1 β -methoxydiversifolin-3- 0 -methyl ether (Ses-5) were found to have in vivo curative activities of 62.86% and 60.27% respectively, at concentrations of 100 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the in vivo curative inhibition rate of control agent ningnanmycin was 52.48%. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ID-ELISA) also verified Ses-2 and Ses-5 had higher inhibition activities than the control agent ningnanmycin. Additionally, qRT-PCR showed that both Ses-2 and Ses-5 can partly inhibit the expression of CP and RdRp, two genes that play key roles in TMV infection. When TMV started to systemically spread, Ses-2 inhibited CP expression while Ses-5 inhibited RdRp expression. These results suggest that the two bio-agents have anti-TMV activities and may be used as bio-pesticides to control the plant virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes devastating losses to agronomic and ornamental crops worldwide. Currently, there is no effective strategy to control this disease. Use of biotic inducers to enhance plant resistance to viruses maybe an effective approach. Our previous study indicated that Tagitinin A (Tag A) has a high curative and protective effect against TSWV. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of Tag A-mediated antiviral activity remains unknown. In this study, Tag A reduced the expression of the NSs , NSm genes was very low in untreated leaves following TSWV infection. In addition, the expression of all TSWV genes in the inoculated and systemic leaves was inhibited in the protective assay, and with an inhibition rate of more than 85% in systemic leaves. Tag A increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in the curative and protective assays. The concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid -isoleucine (JA-Ile) and the expression of its key gene NtCOI1 in Tag A-treated and systemic leaves of treated plants were significantly higher than those of the control plant. Furthermore, Tag A-induced resistance to TSWV could be eliminated by VIGS-mediated silencing of the NtCOI1 gene. These indicated that Tag A acts against TSWV by activating the JA defense signaling pathway. Unlabelled Image • The expression of all TSWV genes was partly inhibited and PAL activity was increased in the protective and curative assays. • The JA pathway was activated to inhibit the TSWV infected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age-related gastrointestinal decline contributes to whole-organism frailty and mortality. Genistein is known to have beneficial effects on age-related diseases, but its precise role in homeostasis of the aging gut remains to be elucidated. Here, wild-type aging mice and Zmpste24 -/- progeroid mice were used to investigate the role of genistein in lifespan and homeostasis of the aging gut in mammals. A series of longitudinal, clinically relevant measurements were performed to evaluate the effect of genistein on healthspan. It was found that dietary genistein promoted a healthier and longer life and was associated with a decrease in the levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines in aging mice. Furthermore, dietary genistein ameliorated gut dysfunctions, such as intestinal inflammation, leaky gut, and impaired epithelial regeneration. A distinct genistein-mediated alteration in gut microbiota was observed by increasing Lachnospira abundance and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Further fecal microbiota transplantation and dirty cage sharing experiments indicated that the gut microbiota from genistein-fed mice rejuvenated the aging gut and extended the lifespan of progeroid mice. It was demonstrated that genistein-associated SCFAs alleviated tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced intestinal organoid damage. Moreover, genistein-associated propionate promoted regulatory T cell-derived interleukin 10 production, which alleviated macrophage-derived inflammation. This study provided the first data, to the authors' knowledge, indicating that dietary genistein modulates homeostasis in the aging gut and extends the healthspan and lifespan of aging mammals. Moreover, the existence of a link between genistein and the gut microbiota provides a rationale for dietary interventions against age-associated frailty. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to obtain sheep bone protein hydrolysates (SBPHs) with antioxidant activity from sheep bone byproducts and evaluate their stability and processing characteristics under different conditions. Then, the antioxidant peptides were identified and synthesized, and their antioxidant mechanism of action was investigated using molecular docking. The results showed that SBPHs obtained by alkaline protease hydrolysis had high antioxidant capacity and a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids (41.33%). The antioxidant activity of SBPHs was intolerant to high temperatures and weakly resistant to acids and alkalis. NaCl improved the reducing power, sugars maintained the antioxidant activity, and metal ions reduced the antioxidant activity of SBPHs. SBPHs maintained higher antioxidant activity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Three fractions were isolated by ultrafiltration, among which P–I (MW < 3 kDa) had the strongest antioxidant activity. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) showed that 17 peptides with Peptide Ranker >0.85 were found in P–I. Among the synthesized peptides, VYPFPGPIPN had the strongest antioxidant activity, which was mainly exerted through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking and π-alkyl bonding with Keap1. This study provides a reference for subsequent studies on the production, storage and antioxidant function utilization of SBPHs. [Display omitted] • Sheep-bone protein hydrolysate had good stability and gastrointestinal tolerance. • The P–I fraction had best antioxidant activity and stability during in vitro digestion. • The peptide VN-10 displayed greater antioxidant activity than LL-5 and SN-12. • Molecular docking revealed interactions between VN-10 and Keap1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the tremendous success of the artificial breeding of Hexagrammos otakii , the yield has been substantially improved. However, intensive farming often results in bacterial diseases; hence it is imperative to find new antimicrobial molecules. In the present study, we identified a homologous cDNA fragment of collectin-10 from H. otakii , designated as HoCL-10. The cDNA length is 899 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 816 bp encoding a secreted protein with 272 amino acid residues. The peptide of HoCL-10 contains an N-terminal collagen domain, a neck region, and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. The qRT-PCR results revealed that HoCL-10 mRNA was highest expressed in the liver and skin and was significantly induced post-LPS stimulation. The sugar and bacteria binding assay suggested that the recombinant HoCL-10 (rHoCL-10) could recognize various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. For effect on cells, rHoCL-10 enhanced the phagocytosis and migration ability of the macrophage indicated using pro-phagocytosis assay and trans -well assay. To determine the role of HoCL-10 in the complement system, the interaction between HoCL-10 and mannose-binding lectin associated serine protease 1, 2 (MASP-1, 2) were analyzed and demonstrated using ELISA and Far-western. And in vivo , the concentration of membrane-attack complex (MAC) in fish plasma was significantly down-regulated post-injection with HoCL-10 antibody. Finally, the bacteria challenge experiment was performed, implying that HoCL-10 may assist the host in defending against microbial invasion. The findings suggest that HoCL-10 may play crucial roles in host defense against microorganisms, possibly through opsonizing pathogens and activating the complement system. • A collectin-10 gene from Hexagrammos otakii (HoCL-10) was identified. • HoCL-10 mRNAs were up-regulated in the liver and skin post LPS stimulation. • The recombination protein of HoCL-10 (rHoCL-10) recognized PAMPs and microbials. • rHoCL-10 may function in the complement activation process and anti-infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic amines (BAs) are widely contained in fermented meat products and are harmful to human health with high level content. Reducing BAs content with microorganisms that don't produce decarboxylase seems beneficial. This study screened three strains had the capacity to degrade BAs from meat products in different regions of Inner Mongolia. Three strains were screened because they didn't have amino acid decarboxylase activity and had good growth performance and abilities of acid producing, salt resistance and antibacterial. X22-2 and HX2-1 were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, and X6-6 was identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus through 16S rDNA sequencing. All the three strains could degrade seven kinds of BAs, especially the tryptamine and phenethylamine. The reduced content of tryptamine of the three strains were all above 93 mg/L. Both the suspension and supernatant of the three strains effectively degraded BAs content produced by BA-producing bacteria (Enterococcus faecium , E. faecalis , and Enterobacter aerogenes). Tryptamine and phenethylamine could not be detected both in suspension and supernatant of the three strains in the medium containing Enterobacter aerogenes. In view of their good fermentation capacity and strong ability to reduce BAs, the three strains can be used as starter cultures in meat products. • Strains with BA-degrading ability were screened. • Strains effectively degraded BAs produced by BA-producing indicator bacteria. • The BA-degrading ability of strains' suspension was stronger than supernatant. • The screened strains had strong ability to degrade tryptamine and phenethylamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emulsification method (EM) is popular for microencapsulating probiotics with lactoprotein as the wall material. We have developed an aqueous phase separation method (APSM) based on this technique by replacing emulsification with fermentation. Compared with the EM microcapsules, the electrophoresis results showed that the wall materials of the microcapsules prepared using the APSM consisted of more protein fragments after fermentation. Plate-counting results revealed porliferation of the core material — Lactobacillus plantarum LIP-1). Microencapsulation efficiency of the APSM microcapsules of 82 ± 5%, particle size of 80 ± 5 μm, survival rate in simulated gastric fluid of 85 ± 5%, survival rate after freeze-drying of 88.4%, and prolonged shelf-life. These characteristics were all significantly better than those of the EM microcapsules (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface structure of the APSM microcapsules was more compact, which helped improve the resistance of the probiotics to adverse environments. The APSM overcame the disadvantages of the EM and produced microcapsules with superior characteristics; thus, it has broad prospects in industrial development. • A novel microencapsulation method was developed by fermentation. • There are beneficial interactions between core material and wall matrices. • Reduce cost of oil and some undesirable reactions of oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]