1. Wide Wavelength Tuning of Optical Antennas on Graphenewith Nanosecond Response Time.
- Author
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Yao, Yu, Kats, Mikhail A., Shankar, Raji, Song, Yi, Kong, Jing, Loncar, Marko, and Capasso, Federico
- Subjects
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OPTICAL antennas , *GRAPHENE , *OPTICAL materials , *ELECTROSTATICS , *DOPING agents (Chemistry) , *THICKNESS measurement - Abstract
Grapheneis emerging as a broadband optical material which canbe dynamically tuned by electrostatic doping. However, the directapplication of graphene sheets in optoelectronic devices is challengingdue to graphene’s small thickness and the resultant weak interactionwith light. By combining metal and graphene in a hybrid plasmonicstructure, it is possible to enhance graphene–light interactionand thus achieve in situ control of the optical response. We showthat the effective mode index of the bonding plasmonic mode in metal–insulator–metal(MIM) waveguides is particularly sensitive to the change in the opticalconductivity of a graphene layer in the gap. By incorporating suchMIM structures in optic antenna designs, we demonstrate an electricallytunable coupled antenna array on graphene with a large tuning range(1100 nm, i.e., 250 cm–1, nearly 20% of the resonancefrequency) of the antenna resonance wavelength at the mid-infrared(MIR) region. Our device exhibits a 3 dB cutoff frequency of 30 MHz,which can be further increased into the gigahertz range. This studyconfirms that hybrid metal–graphene structures are promisingelements for high-speed electrically controllable optical and optoelectronicdevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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