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The statistical data of age structure in rural household register population is a kind of basic information for studying rural problems. Taking the survey data as control group, this paper constructed a correction model of statistical data for rural household register population, according to which the statistical data of rural household register population age structure in Chencang district of Baoji city in Shaanxi province was modified. The results showed that the total adjusted rural household register population increased by 3.65% compared to the statistical amount when the relative error bounds was set as 10%, in which the amount of men increased by 1.99% and that of women increased by 5.43%. While the total adjusted rural household register population would expand by 3.70% in which the amount of men increased by 3.59% and that of the women increased by 3.83% when the relative error bounds was set as 5%. The results indicate that it is feasible to make date correction of the statistical data of register population using the constructed model, which also provides a basic datum for studying rural social issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]