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rGO modified g-C 3 N 4 /R-CeO 2 Multi-interface contact S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst maximizes the transfer efficiency of photogenerated electron and the CO 2 adsorption ability, thus greatly improving the CO 2 photoreduction performance. [Display omitted] • 2D-1D-2D g-C 3 N 4 /R-CeO 2 /rGO photocatalyst has been prepared for CO 2 photoreduction. • 2D-1D-2D multi-interface contact structure is of help for carrier transfer process. • π-π conjugation effect and Ce4+/Ce3+ transformation facilitate electron transmission. • In-situ FTIR and 13C isotope tracer tests analysis the CO 2 photoreduction mechanism. Construction of multi-interface contact step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst is a promising pathway to achieve high-electron transfer efficiency for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. In this paper, g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets were selected as the main photocatalyst, rod-like CeO 2 (R-CeO 2) with unique Ce4+→Ce3+ conversion property and rGO were loaded on the g-C 3 N 4 surface to construct 2D-1D-2D sandwich photocatalyst. The yields of CO and CH 4 were about 63.18 and 32.67 μmol/g after 4 h when the rGO/R-CeO 2 /g-C 3 N 4 was used as catalyst, which were about 4 and 6 times higher than that of pure CN, respectively. Cyclic experiments proved that the composite had excellent photocatalytic and material stability. Photoelectrochemical tests showed that the construction of S-scheme electron transfer model and the introduction of rGO can great enhance the electron transmission and separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. CO 2 adsorption test identified that the loading of R-CeO 2 and rGO obviously enhanced the CO 2 adsorption ability of pure g-C 3 N 4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations used to analyze the electron transfer path and the formation of the build-in electric field at the semiconductor interface. In-situ FTIR and 13CO 2 element-tracer detection carried out to research the process of CO 2 photoreduction. A possible multi-interface contact S-scheme electron transfer mechanism for enhanced CO 2 photoreduction activity has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• LSPR effect enhanced Z-scheme ZnO/Au/g-C 3 N 4 micro needles film (3-ZAC) has been prepared for the photoreduction of CO 2 into CO under UV–vis light irradiation. • Au NPs at the interface of ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 not only act as the electron-transfer bridge, but also as LSPR excited source to speed up the separation of electron-hole pairs photogenerated in the semiconductors. • DFT calculation and FDTD simulation methods has been used to prove the transfer processes of photogenerated electron. The photoproduction of CO from the photocatalytic CO 2 reduction process has been evidenced from 13C isotope tracer tests. • This work demonstrates the importance of the build-in electric field formed at g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO interface and local electromagnetic field of Au NPs for the photoreduction process, providing an inspiring concept for future advancement in this area. Local Surface Plasma Resonance (LSPR) effect enhanced Z-scheme ZnO/Au/g-C 3 N 4 micro-needles film (3-ZAC) has been prepared for the photoreduction of CO 2 into CO under UV–vis light irradiation. Photoreduction experiments show that 3-ZAC has the excellent photocatalytic performance and reusability. The CO production can be achieved 689.7 μmol/m2 after 8 h reaction time, which is 4.5 higher than that of the pure ZnO film. 13C isotope test shows that CO is produced from CO 2 by photoreduction. DFT calculations confirm that build-in electric field formed at g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO interface effectively promoted the electron transfer efficiency in Z-scheme interface. FDTD simulations prove that Au NPs not only act as electron-transfer bridge, but also as LSPR excited source to speed up the separation of electron-hole pairs. In-situ FTIR technique was used to investigate the CO 2 photoreduction process. The above characteristics together maximize the electron transfer efficiency, which causes the material has enhanced photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]