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PiGF (Phosphor-in-glass film) with high color rendering was successfully prepared at a low sintering temperature. The influence of sintering temperature, the mass ratio of glass and phosphor, and different fluorescent layers on the luminescence properties of PiGF was systematically studied. It is of note that the "cyan cavity" is significantly reduced due to the addition of "cyan phosphor" (BaSi 2 O 2 N 2 :Eu2+). Under 455 nm blue light laser excitation, PiGF has the highest luminous efficiency of 94.55 lm/W and a white light composite PiGF with a correlated color temperature of 5500 K and a color rendering index of 95 can be obtained. In short, this work shows that the PiGF has great potential application in white light laser lighting. • The PiGF has a very high color rendering index, which can reach 95. • While maintaining a high color rendering index, the correlated color temperature is low, only about 5500 K. • First application of cyan phosphor (BaSi 2 O 2 N 2 :Eu2+) to laser lighting to fill in cyan glow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of plastics in the oceans has significantly intensified microplastic pollution, contributing to broader marine secondary pollution issues. This paper examines how plastic structure affects the aging characteristics of plastics and the release of metal ions, to better understand this secondary source of marine pollution. This study simulate the photoaging of plastics in natural environments, focusing on aliphatic and aromatic polymers. The results showed that the photodegradation degree was higher for aliphatic than aromatic polymers. All polymers contained thirteen detectable metals, with their release increasing over time due to photoaging, The release dynamics of these metal ions correlated more strongly with the level of polymer degradation rather than with the polymer structure itself, adhering to a second-order kinetic model driven by surface and intraparticle diffusion processes. The results will help control and treat marine plastic pollution. [Display omitted] • The photodegradation degree of the aliphatic polymer is higher than the aromatic. • The release of metal additives increases with the photoaging process. • The degree of degradation of polymer affects the release of metal. • The metal ion release kinetics conform to the second-order kinetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainability of biogas production from straws is limited by the collection, transportation, storage, and pretreatment of feedstocks. To address these constraints, this study investigated briquetting as a pretreatment strategy for rice straw (RS) to increase bioenergy generation. The results indicated that briquetted RS yielded 205.4 mL/g VS of methane, which was 11.7% higher compared to that produced by the untreated RS. The economic analysis revealed that the briquetting process had positive effects with a payback time of 3.4 y and an internal rate of return of 23.4%. It also reduced feedstock transportation and storage costs by 42.6%. Adding a NaOH treatment to the briquetting process increased methane production by 26.4% compared to untreated RS. However, the integration of briquetting with NaOH treatment might be an unprofitable method for processing RS. This became apparent when examining the production cost, which stood at 1.13 $/kg biomethane with an internal rate of return of 16.2%, representing an 8.7% increase and a 7.2% decrease, respectively, compared to the mono briquetting method. These results revealed that briquetting as a source pretreatment strategy can improve the productivity of straw biogas plants, thereby advancing the industry towards cleaner production. [Display omitted] • Briquetting, a source pretreatment strategy, improved straw biogas production. • The briquetting strategy integrates the collection and pretreatment of rice straw. • The proposed strategy reduced straw transportation and storage costs by 42.6%. • Adding an NaOH treatment reduced the profitability of a straw biogas plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An identification method is proposed for errors-in-variables (EIV) ARX model with input time-varying time-delays. A Markov chain is used to model varying time delays whose parameters are also estimated. The EIV system accounts for noises in both input and output. To estimate noise-free input, a linear state space model is used to describe input generation process and a Kalman smoother is adopted for its estimation. An expectation maximization algorithm is used to estimate ARX model parameters. A spinning process of polyester fiber and a continuous stirred tank reactor process are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. • Time-varying time-delays are considered for Errors-in-variables (EIV) system. • Kalman smoother is used to estimation the noise-free input. • The EM algorithm is used to estimate the EIV-TD system parameters and update the noise variance of the input data. • Two simulations are provided for performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on plant anti-oxygenation and programmed cell death (PCD) in fresh-cut pumpkins was investigated. Exogenous GABA positively promoted GABA accumulation and alleviated oxidant damage in pumpkins tissue. Pumpkins treated with GABA showed lower electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA content, while higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as compared to the non-treated tissues. Our results also found that GABA treatment retarded DNA degradation and cytochrome c release and delayed the apoptosis of pumpkin cells. On the other hand, the inhibitor of GABA generation, 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP) treatment not only accelerated oxidant damage, but also induced cell death involving chromatin condensation, DNA ladder and cytochrome c releasing. Taken together, our present research indicated that exogenous GABA could alleviate the wound-induced oxidative stress and PCD occurrence in fresh-cut pumpkins. [Display omitted] • Exogenous GABA alleviated oxidant damage in fresh-cut pumpkins. • 3-Mercaptopropionic acid treatment accelerated oxidant damage and induced PCD. • GABA involved the PCD event and delayed PCD process in fresh-cut pumpkins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphor-in-glass (PiG) is one of the most important spectral converters to overcome thermal effect in high-power white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –ZnO–Na 2 O–Li 2 O glass was designed and sintered with Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce3+ (YAG: Ce) phosphors at the low temperature of 650 °C to obtain YAG: Ce-PiG. The optimized YAG: Ce-PiG shows the white light of the luminous efficiency (LE), correlated color temperature (CCT) and chromaticity coordinate (CIE) of 177.5 lm/W, 6410 K and (0.31,0.34), respectively. The white LEDs (WLED) were fabricated by coupling the YAG: Ce-PiG with a blue light emitting chip, and the correlation between the luminescence properties, the thickness of PiG and the ratio of phosphors was investigated. More importantly, the WLEDs of a maximum luminous efficiency can reach up to 199.5 lm/W with the thickness of 0.35 mm. In addition, a structure with vacuum packaging technique based on the WLEDs lighting combined with sapphire as substrate was fabricated, which can effectively reduce the heat accumulation during the working process of WLEDs. Compared with normal non-vacuum packaging, the working temperature of WLEDs was reduced by about 35%, from 359.2 to 232.2 °C, with the novel vacuum packaging technique under 30W high-power chip and the luminous performance can still be maintained at 94.7%. In a word, the prepared YAG: Ce-PiG exhibits a great potential for application in high-power solid-state WLEDs. • The new glass matrix of Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –ZnO–Na 2 O–Li 2 O was designed and the thermal quenching effect of PiG was alleviated. • The white LEDs fabricated using PiG with high thermal stability and luminous efficiency reach up to 199.5 lm/W. • The vacuum packaging technique can significantly reduce heat accumulation in high-power white light-emitting diodes by 35%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Myocardial injury is common in critically ill COVID-19 patients. • COVID-19 patients with myocardial injury are more likely to develop adverse events and fatal outcomes during the hospitalization. • Myocardial injury and advanced age (≥75 yrs old) are independent risk factors for 28-day in-ICU mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, cardiovascular (CV) complications, and mortality risk of myocardial injury on admission in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients with COVID-19. A single-center, retrospective, observational study. A newly built ICU in Tongji hospital (Sino-French new city campus), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Seventy-seven critical COVID-19 patients. Patients were divided into a myocardial injury group and nonmyocardial injury group according to the on-admission levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment, and clinical outcome were evaluated, stratified by the presence of myocardial injury on admission. Compared with nonmyocardial injury patients, patients with myocardial injury were older (68.4 ± 10.1 v 62.1 ± 13.5 years; p = 0.02), had higher prevalence of underlying CV disease (34.1% v 11.1%; p = 0.02), and in-ICU CV complications (41.5% v 13.9%; p = 0.008), higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores (20.3 ± 7.3 v 14.4 ± 7.4; p = 0.001), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (7, interquartile range (IQR) 5-10 v 5, IQR 3-6; p < 0.001). Myocardial injury on admission increased the risk of 28-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.200; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29 to 3.74; p = 0.004). Age ≥75 years was another risk factor for mortality (HR, 2.882; 95% CI 1.51-5.50; p = 0.002). Critically ill patients with COVID-19 had a high risk of CV complications. Myocardial injury on admission may be a common comorbidity and is associated with severity and a high risk of mortality in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Shuangshen Ningxin Capsule (SSNX), has been studied intensely. SSNX includes total ginseng saponins (from Panax ginseng Meyer), total phenolic acids from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, and total alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. It has been suggested to protect against myocardial ischemia by a mechanism that has not been fully elucidated. The composition and content of SSNX were determined by UHPLC-Q-TOFQ-TOF / MS. Then, a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury was established, and the protective effect of SSNX was measured. The protective mechanism was investigated using spatial metabolomics. We found that SSNX significantly improved left ventricular function and ameliorated pathological damages in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the protective mechanism of SSNX was examined by comparing the monomer components of drugs targeted in myocardial tissue with the distribution of myocardial energy metabolism-related molecules and phospholipids. Interestingly, some lipids display inconsistent content distribution in the myocardial ischemia risk and non-risk zones. These discrepancies reflect the degree of myocardial injury in different regions. These findings suggest that SSNX protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by correcting abnormal myocardial energy metabolism, changing the levels and distribution patterns of phospholipids, and stabilizing the structure of the myocardial cell membrane. MALDI-TOF MS can detect the spatial distribution of small molecule metabolites in the myocardium and can be used in pharmacological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we evaluated the permeability damage and throughput potential of shale cores, focusing particularly on the damage water inflicts on shale permeability and the potential for hydrocarbon extraction using various injection media. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was utilized to analyze the distribution of crude oil across different pore sizes and to determine the limits of their utilization under varied media injection cycles. The results indicate that the Shengli Oilfield FY shale possesses abundant inorganic pores, primarily composed of intergranular and intragranular pores. Organic matter is dispersed and contains numerous micro-fractures. While formation water has only a minor impact on the permeability of fractured cores, it significantly impairs matrix permeability. Moreover, when the formation water content exceeds 10%, the degree of damage will decrease. In contrast to formation water, distilled water causes serious damage to both matrix and fractured cores. Therefore, anti-swelling measures are essential to ensure effective development in subsequent stages. After five injection cycles, the final recovery rates for brine, surfactant, and CO 2 injection are 11.5%, 29.3%, and 45.9%, respectively. CO 2 injection demonstrates the best production enhancement, followed by surfactant injection. CO 2 is particularly effective in each cycle, primarily due to its expansion and extraction mechanism. Surfactants enhance production mainly by reducing interfacial tension and altering wettability, resulting in significant improvement in the first cycle. Meanwhile, brine injection primarily augments production through improved wettability and capillary pressure, resulting in a moderate production improvement. Based on NMR experiments, the minimum pore size for CO 2 injection is estimated to be around 10–15 nm, Surfactant injection necessitates pore sizes with a minimum of 30–40 nm and brine injection requires pore sizes of approximately 60–70 nm. This research provides valuable experimental data for on-site shale oil development and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms involved in hydrocarbon recovery from shale using different injection media. • Effects of formation water and distillate water on shale permeability damage are assessed for the first time. • The final recovery factors of water, surfactant, and CO 2 injection are 11.5%, 29.3%, and 45.9%, respectively. • The distribution of crude oil within different pore sizes and the minimum movable pore sizes during different media huff-n-puff process are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising reaction, it could convert two greenhouse gases CO 2 and CH 4 into syngas (CO and H 2) which could provide a mixed fuel for daily life or chemical feedstock for industrial application. Transition metals were widely applied in this process, however, single component of transition metal catalysts could not meet the stability, selectivity and activity demands simultaneously. And the coke formation on the catalysts is the major barrier to the commercialization of DRM. This review presents a systematic discussion and analysis of methane dry reforming to syngas in the catalytic process from both experimental study and density functional theory (DFT) calculation based on recent research. It includes catalytic performance test of activity, selectivity and stability in DRM on monometallic and bimetallic systems, and also gives the discussion of carbon formation in the former parts. The later parts focus on CH 4 and CO 2 activation over monometal and bimetal surface using DFT simulation. The rate determining step and reaction mechanisms involved in DRM are obtained based on thermodynamic analysis and microkinetic model. In the end, we give our outlook to the design and preparation of good performance catalysts as well as further theoretical simulation and analysis in DRM. This review could provide some useful information for going into methane dry reforming from both experimental application and atomic scale. Image 1 • Dry reforming of methane could provide a mixed fuel or chemical feedstock. • Coke formation on the catalysts is the major barrier. • It includes catalytic performance test of activity, selectivity and stability. • The rate determining step and reaction mechanisms involved are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main challenges for developing data-based models lie in the existence of high-dimensional and possibly missing observations that exist in stored data from industry process. Variational autoencoder (VAE) as one of the deep learning methods has been applied for extracting useful information or features from high-dimensional dataset. Considering that existing VAE is unsupervised, an output-relevant VAE is proposed for extracting output-relevant features in this work. By using correlation between process variables, different weight is correspondingly assigned to each input variable. With symmetric Kullback–Leibler (SKL) divergence, the similarity is evaluated between the stored samples and a query sample. According to the values of the SKL divergence, data relevant for modeling are selected. Subsequently, Gaussian process regression (GPR) is utilized to establish a model between the input and the corresponding output at the query sample. In addition, owing to the common existence of missing data in output data set, the parameters and missing data in the GPR are estimated simultaneously. A practical debutanizer industrial process is utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. • An output-relevant VAE is proposed for extracting output-relevant features by using correlation between process variables. • With symmetric Kullback–Leibler divergence, the similarity is evaluated between the stored samples and a query sample. According to the values of the SKL divergence, data relevant for modeling are selected. • Owing to the common existence of missing data in output data set, the parameters and missing data in the GPR are estimated simultaneously. • A practical debutanizer industrial process is utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]