375 results
Search Results
2. Critically appraised paper: Early surgery is not superior to exercise and education with the option of later surgery for meniscal tears in young adults.
- Author
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Østerås, Nina
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HEALTH education ,EVALUATION of medical care ,OPERATIVE surgery ,EXERCISE ,MENISCUS injuries ,EARLY medical intervention ,ADOLESCENCE - Published
- 2022
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3. Parenting in youth sport: A position paper on parenting expertise.
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Harwood, Chris G. and Knight, Camilla J.
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SPORTS events , *ABILITY , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILD development , *EMOTIONS , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *INTELLECT , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *PARENTING , *ROLE models , *SELF-management (Psychology) , *SPORTS , *SPORTS psychology , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *SOCIAL support , *SPORTS participation , *ATHLETIC associations , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objectives In line with the aims of this special issue, the purpose of this paper is to forward a position on the concept of sport parenting expertise through the presentation of six key postulates. Design Literature review and position statement. Method By adopting methods associated with an academic position paper, a statement is presented that we believe encapsulates sport parenting expertise. Six key postulates of parenting expertise, formulated from critically reviewing and interpreting relevant literature, are then presented. Results We propose that sport parenting expertise is dependent on the degree to which parents demonstrate a range of competencies; namely that parents, (a) select appropriate sporting opportunities and provide necessary types of support, (b) understand and apply appropriate parenting styles, (c) manage the emotional demands of competitions, (d) foster healthy relationships with significant others, (e) manage organizational and developmental demands associated with sport participation, and, (f) adapt their involvement to different stages of their child's athletic career. Conclusion Expertise in sport parenting requires parents to develop knowledge and utilize a range of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational skills in order to support their child, manage themselves, and operate effectively in the wider youth sport environment. Recommendations for applied researchers to further investigate these postulates and substantiate the components of sport parenting expertise are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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4. Cash-Only INcentives to promote insulin DOSE engagement: A protocol paper for the pilot randomized controlled trial of COIN2DOSE.
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Patton, Susana R., Fox, Larry, Cushing, Christopher C., McDonough, Ryan, and Clements, Mark A.
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INSULIN therapy , *BOLUS radiotherapy , *INSULIN pumps , *TYPE 1 diabetes , *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin , *MONETARY incentives , *BEHAVIORAL economics , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Most adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not achieve a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7.0%, which is the current clinical target. mHealth can offer a scalable and age-appropriate delivery method for behavioral interventions to lower adolescents' HbA1c levels, while applying established behavior change and behavioral economics theories can enhance scientific rigor. We aim to conduct a pilot randomized clinical trial of a novel mHealth intervention called Coin2Dose (C ash- O nly IN centives To promote insulin DOSE engagement), in a sample of youth with T1D: 1) to obtain measures of feasibility and acceptability and 2) to examine preliminary efficacy versus a standard care control group based on differences in youth's daily BOLUS scores, HbA1c levels, and Time in Range (TIR) at post-intervention and 3-month post-intervention follow-up. This pilot RCT is already registered in http://ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT#05280184). Our pilot will recruit youth with T1D 11–17 years-old who use an insulin pump or Bluetooth connected insulin pen and have an average daily BOLUS score ≤2.5. Youth randomized to Coin2Dose will receive the intervention for 12 weeks followed by a 12-week maintenance period. The pilot is scheduled to start July 2022 and to conclude in 2025. At the conclusion of the pilot, we will have information about the feasibility and acceptability of two different behavioral economic incentive structures for improving BOLUS scores. The work is anticipated to progress to final efficacy trial. We will disseminate study results through presentations at local, national, and international conferences and through peer-reviewed diabetes and psychology journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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5. Social isolation in adolescence and long-term changes in the gut microbiota composition and in the hippocampal inflammation: Implications for psychiatric disorders – Dirk Hellhammer Award Paper 2021.
- Author
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Lopizzo, Nicola, Marizzoni, Moira, Begni, Veronica, Mazzelli, Monica, Provasi, Stefania, Borruso, Luigimaria, Riva, Marco Andrea, and Cattaneo, Annamaria
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GUT microbiome , *SOCIAL isolation , *EMOTIONAL experience , *BIOLOGICAL systems , *MENTAL illness , *ENCEPHALITIS - Abstract
Exposure to early adverse experiences induces persistent changes in physiological, emotional and behavioural functions predisposing the individual to an enhanced vulnerability to develop different disorders during lifespan. The adverse outcomes depend upon the timing of the stressful experiences, and in this contest, adolescence represents a key sensitive period for brain development. Among the biological systems involved, gut microbiota has recently been proposed to act on the interplay between the stress response, brain functions and immune system, through the gut-brain axis communication. In the current study we aimed to evaluate, in a preclinical model, changes over time in the microbiota community structure in physiological condition and in response to stress during adolescence. We also aimed to correlate the microbiota composition to the inflammatory status in brain. We used the preclinical model of social deprivation in rats during adolescence, based on the lack of all social contacts, for four weeks after weaning, followed by re-socialization until adulthood. We collected fecal samples at different post-natal days to investigate the short- and long-lasting effects of social isolation on gut microbiota composition and we collected brain areas (dorsal and ventral hippocampus) samples at killing to measure a panel of inflammatory and microglia activation markers. 16 S metataxonomic sequencing analysis revealed that microbial changes were influenced by age in both isolated and controls rats, regardless of sex, whereas social isolation impacted the microbial composition in a sex-dependent manner. A multivariate analysis showed that social isolation induced short-term gut microbiota alterations in females but not in males. We also identified several stress-related genera associated with social isolation condition. In brain areas we found a specific inflammatory pattern, in dorsal and ventral hippocampus, that significantly correlated with gut microbiota composition. Overall, in this study we reported a novel sex-specific association between gut microbiota composition and inflammatory response related to social isolation paradigm during adolescence, suggesting that stressful experiences during this sensitive period could have a long-lasting impact on the development of different biological systems that could in turn influence the vulnerability to develop mental disorders later in life. • Early life stress (ELS) enhances vulnerability to develop disorders during lifespan. • ELS in rats during adolescence induces microbiota changes and neuroinflammation. • The degree of microbiota and inflammatory alterations differs according to sex. • Stress-related gut microbial genera were associated with brain inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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6. Paper based vs. electronic records for clinical audit: Evidence of documentation of medication safety monitoring in youth prescribed antipsychotics.
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Aouira, Nisreen, Khan, Sohil, McDermott, Brett, Heussler, Helen, Haywood, Alison, Karaksha, Abdullah, and Bor, William
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BLOOD sugar analysis , *METABOLIC syndrome risk factors , *DRUG side effects , *ANTIPSYCHOTIC agents , *AUDITING , *BENCHMARKING (Management) , *BLOOD testing , *CAUSALITY (Physics) , *DOCUMENTATION , *PROPRIETARY hospitals , *LIPIDS , *MEDICAL prescriptions , *MENTAL health services , *PATIENT safety , *PUBLIC hospitals , *RISK assessment , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *ELECTRONIC health records , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
• Good documentation practice is the foundation for promoting medication safety in young population. • Study identified poor documentation practice through paper and electronic means of medical records. • Newly introduced electronic medical records did not improve the rates of metabolic monitoring nor the quality of documented monitoring. • Youth are at significant risk for antipsychotic induced metabolic syndrome the repercussion of which may impact years of productivity. • Potentially electronic health records could provide health workers with real-time information access, and develop accurate, relevant and structured information thereby adhering to clinical evidence. Since the development of digital records, claims have been made that they improve audits. Clinical audits play important role in evaluation of evidence-practice gaps. Antipsychotic medications are one of the commonly prescribed group of drugs in severe adverse mental conditions. Youth and young people are highly prone to develop drug induced metabolic syndrome. Present study evaluated the extent of data documentation on evidence for metabolic monitoring of antipsychotics and compared paper based to electronic records with good documentation standards. First phase of this study involved a retrospective clinical audit of paper-based documentation on the extent of documentation of weight (primary outcome); lipid and blood glucose (secondary outcomes) of youth prescribed atypical antipsychotics. This was undertaken in three public mental health clinics and a public/private developmental service in Australia based on paper-based documentation. The second phase included auditing electronic data capture from one community clinic. Evidence of documentation was compared with practice standards and published clinical audits (adherence rate benchmark: 40–60%). A total of 310 cases were assessed of which 51 and 37 cases met the eligibility criteria for paper-based and electronic based audit respectively as a component of clinical audit. Evidence of paper documentation of weight was 43% among participants and was comparable with other published clinical audits (p = 0.07) with poor monitoring rates for other blood tests. Findings revealed poor rate of documentation at 35.1% (13 cases), 5.4% (2 cases) and 8.1% (3 cases) for weight, lipid assessments and glucose monitoring, respectively based on electronic records. Present study demonstrate lack of good documentation practices on metabolic monitoring of youth prescribed antipsychotics. It appears transitioning from paper to electronic records did not impact the rate of increase in documentation of metabolic monitoring. This study recommends inclusion of e-monitoring icon with built in metabolic monitoring chart as a component of youth prescribed antipsychotic case records. Good documentation practice is a first step in determination of causality of antipsychotics induced metabolic syndrome. Appropriate strategies to a user-friendly electronic reminder system will be crucial to address on the mechanistic of documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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7. Glucocorticoid-sensitive ventral hippocampal-orbitofrontal cortical connections support goal-directed action – Curt Richter Award Paper 2019.
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Barfield, Elizabeth T. and Gourley, Shannon L.
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DENDRITIC spines , *ACTION theory (Psychology) , *PYRAMIDAL neurons , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *CORTICOSTERONE , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
• Excess corticosterone in adolescence triggers orbital cortical dendritic spine loss. • And it reduces ventral hippocampal axon terminal density in the orbital cortex. • These connections are otherwise necessary for goal-directed response flexibility. • Their degradation may contribute to stress-related biases towards habitual behaviors. In an ever-changing and often ambiguous environment, organisms must use previously learned associations between antecedents and outcomes to predict future associations and make optimal choices. Chronic stress can impair one's ability to flexibly adjust behaviors when environmental contingencies change, particularly in cases of early-life stress. In mice, exposure to elevated levels of the primary stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT), during early adolescence is sufficient to impair response-outcome decision making later in life, biasing response strategies towards inflexible habits. Nevertheless, neurobiological mechanisms are still being defined. Here, we report that exposure to excess CORT in adolescence causes a loss of dendritic spines on excitatory pyramidal neurons in the lateral, but not medial, orbital prefrontal cortex (loPFC) of mice, and spine loss correlates with the severity of habit biases in adulthood. Excess CORT also reduces the presence of ventral hippocampal (vHC) axon terminals in the loPFC. To identify functional consequences, we inactivated vHC→loPFC projections in typical healthy mice during a period when mice must update response-outcome expectations to optimally acquire food reinforcers. Inactivation impaired the animals' subsequent ability to sustainably choose actions based on likely outcomes, causing them to defer to habit-based response strategies. Thus, vHC→loPFC projections are necessary for response-outcome expectancy updating and a target of excess glucocorticoids during early-life development. Their degradation is likely involved in long-term biases towards habit-based behaviors following glucocorticoid excess in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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8. Perinatal Factors and Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dysregulation in Childhood and Adolescence.
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Frazier, Jean A., Li, Xiuhong, Kong, Xiangrong, Hooper, Stephen R., Joseph, Robert M., Cochran, David M., Kim, Sohye, Fry, Rebecca C., Brennan, Patricia A., Msall, Michael E., Fichorova, Raina N., Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Daniels, Julie L., Lai, Jin-Shei, Boles, Richard E., Zvara, Bharathi J., Jalnapurkar, Isha, Schweitzer, Julie B., Singh, Rachana, and Posner, Jonathan
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CHILD Behavior Checklist , *GENDER inequality , *GENDER , *PRENATAL depression , *TOBACCO smoke , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
This cohort study assessed perinatal factors known to be related to maternal and neonatal inflammation and hypothesized that several would be associated with emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dysregulation in youth. The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) is a research consortium of 69 pediatric longitudinal cohorts. A subset of 18 cohorts that had both Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) data on children (6-18 years) and information on perinatal exposures including maternal prenatal infections was used. Children were classified as having the CBCL–Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) if the sum of their T scores for 3 CBCL subscales (attention, anxious/depressed, and aggression) was ≥180. Primary exposures were perinatal factors associated with maternal and/or neonatal inflammation, and associations between these and outcome were assessed. Approximately 13.4% of 4,595 youth met criteria for CBCL-DP. Boys were affected more than girls (15.1% vs 11.5%). More youth with CBCL-DP (35%) were born to mothers with prenatal infections compared with 28% of youth without CBCL-DP. Adjusted odds ratios indicated the following were significantly associated with dysregulation: having a first-degree relative with a psychiatric disorder; being born to a mother with lower educational attainment, who was obese, had any prenatal infection, and/or who smoked tobacco during pregnancy. In this large study, a few modifiable maternal risk factors with established roles in inflammation (maternal lower education, obesity, prenatal infections, and smoking) were strongly associated with CBCL-DP and could be targets for interventions to improve behavioral outcomes of offspring. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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9. Profiles of Risk for Self-injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among System-Impacted Girls of Color.
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Sheehan, Ana E., Bounoua, Nadia, Rose, Raquel E., Sadeh, Naomi, and Javdani, Shabnam
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SELF-injurious behavior , *SUICIDE risk factors , *SEXUAL minorities , *MINORITY stress , *MENTAL illness , *INTERNALIZING behavior , *EXTERNALIZING behavior , *AT-risk youth - Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth in custodial settings. Prior research investigating risk factors for suicide among system-impacted youth fail to incorporate an intersectional framework to contextualize suicide risk among system-impacted girls of color. Profiles of risk for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) were investigated in a sample of 240 racially and ethnically diverse system-impacted girls (mean [SD] age = 14.5 [1.7] years, Hispanic/Latinx 49.6%, Black 37.1%). Participants completed self-report measures evaluating traditional risk factors for suicide (mental health symptoms, trauma exposure) as well as assessments of minority stress (eg, daily discrimination) and recent engagement in SITBs at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Latent profile analysis revealed 3 distinct profiles: low-risk, characterized by relatively low levels of suicide risk indicators (n = 102); high-risk internalizing, characterized by elevations in internalizing symptom indicators (n = 96); and high-risk comorbid, characterized by relatively high levels of suicide risk indicators (n = 42). Girls in the high-risk profiles reported more SITBs at baseline and 3-month follow-up than girls in the low-risk profile. Results suggest that indicators of suicide risk can be used to classify system-impacted girls into profiles that differ concurrently and prospectively on SITBs. Findings could be used to inform more accurate risk and referral assessments for system-impacted girls of color, whose SITB-related challenges may be overlooked or framed as criminal. These findings highlight the continued need for assessments evaluating multiple indicators of risk for SITBs in the juvenile legal system. System-impacted girls of color represent an understudied subset of youth at elevated risk for engagement in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs). This study investigated profiles of risk for SITBs in a sample of 240 racially and ethnically diverse system-impacted girls of color (mean age = 14.5 years) utilizing frequently studied factors associated with SITBs, including mental health symptoms and trauma experiences along with understudied risk factors such as minority stress. The authors found that three distinct profiles of risk for SITBs: "Low-Risk," characterized by relatively low levels of suicide risk indicators (n = 102); "High-Risk Internalizing," distinguished by elevations in internalizing symptoms (n = 96); and "High-Risk Comorbid," defined by relatively high levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms (n = 42). Participants in both high-risk groups had high levels of trauma, minority stress, and were more likely to identify as a member of a sexually minoritized group. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Effect of Repeated Intravenous Esketamine on Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder and Suicidal Ideation: A Randomized Active-Placebo-Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Zhou, Yanling, Lan, Xiaofeng, Wang, Chengyu, Zhang, Fan, Liu, Haiyan, Fu, Ling, Li, Weicheng, Ye, Yanxiang, Hu, Zhibo, Chao, Ziyuan, and Ning, Yuping
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MENTAL depression , *SUICIDAL ideation , *GENDER , *TEENAGERS , *GENDER inequality - Abstract
Suicide is a major cause of death in adolescents with limited treatment options. Ketamine and its enantiomers have shown rapid anti-suicidal effects in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), but their efficacy in adolescents is unknown. We conducted an active, placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of intravenous esketamine in this population. A total of 54 adolescents (aged 13-18 years) with MDD and suicidal ideation were included from an inpatient setting and randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 3 infusions of esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.02mg/kg) over 5 days, with routine inpatient care and treatment. Changes from baseline to 24 hours after the final infusion (day 6) in the scores of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Ideation and Intensity (primary outcome) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS, key secondary outcome) were analyzed using linear mixed models. In addition, the 4-week clinical treatment response was a key secondary outcome. The mean changes in C-SSRS Ideation and Intensity scores from baseline to day 6 were significantly greater in the esketamine group than in the midazolam group (Ideation, −2.6 [SD = 2.0] vs −1.7 [SD = 2.2], p =.007; Intensity, −10.6 [SD = 8.4] vs −5.0 [SD = 7.4], p =.002), and the changes in MADRS scores from baseline to day 6 were significantly greater in the esketamine group than in the midazolam group (−15.3 [SD = 11.2] vs −8.8 [SD = 9.4], p =.004). The rates of antisuicidal and antidepressant responses at 4 weeks posttreatment were 69.2% and 61.5% after esketamine, and were 52.5% and 52.5% after midazolam, respectively. The most common adverse events in the esketamine group were nausea, dissociation, dry mouth, sedation, headache, and dizziness. These preliminary findings indicate that 3-dose intravenous esketamine, added to routine inpatient care and treatment, was an effective and well-tolerated therapy for treating adolescents with MDD and suicidal ideation. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Esketamine combined with oral antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation; http://www.chictr.org.cn ; ChiCTR2000041232. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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11. How Adolescents Trust Health Information on Social Media: A Systematic Review.
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Freeman, Jaimie L., Caldwell, Patrina H. Y., and Scott, Karen M.
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PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,CINAHL database ,PRIVACY ,HEALTH education ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,JUDGMENT (Psychology) ,SOCIAL media ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,INTERNET ,SOCIAL networks ,DIGITAL health ,ADVERTISING ,ADOLESCENT health ,HEALTH literacy ,HEALTH ,INFORMATION resources ,MEDICAL ethics ,COMMUNICATION ,MEDLINE ,THEMATIC analysis ,INFORMATION-seeking behavior ,TRUST ,ERIC (Information retrieval system) ,PATIENT safety ,BULLYING ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Background: Given the potential for social media to spread health misinformation, it is important to understand how trusts impact adolescents' engagement with health content on social media. Objective: To explore the concept of trust when adolescents (13-18 years) engage with health information on social media. Five relevant databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ERIC, and CINAHL) were systematically searched alongside Google Scholar and reference lists of included papers. Studies were included if they examined adolescents' trust when engaging with health information on social media. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Thematic analysis was used to synthesize the findings from this review. Results: Thirty-four papers were included. Three key domains were explored: trust in the social media platform/ service (general distrust of social media for health information; safety and privacy); trust in other users (mistrust of unknown users; fear of bullying or judgment; trust in friends or peers; celebrities and popularity; trust in others' experience and the importance of social support); trust in content (tone and appearance of health information; expertise and verification; advertising, pushed, and suggested content). Limitations: Narrow geographic representation of papers and limited quantitative studies. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Adolescents' trust in health information on social media involves a complex interplay between trust in: social media platforms, other users, and health content. Central to many of the findings is the social and identity work done by adolescents on and through social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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12. Sleep, brain systems, and persistent stress in early adolescents during COVID-19: Insights from the ABCD study.
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Kiss, Orsolya, Qu, Zihan, Müller-Oehring, Eva M., Baker, Fiona C., and Mirzasoleiman, Baharan
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COVID-19 pandemic , *ADOLESCENCE , *MACHINE learning , *SLEEP duration , *TEENAGERS , *BRAIN anatomy , *SLEEP , *MIND-wandering - Abstract
The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic constituted a major life stress event for many adolescents, associated with disrupted school, behaviors, social networks, and health concerns. However, pandemic-related stress was not equivalent for everyone and could have been influenced by pre-pandemic factors including brain structure and sleep, which both undergo substantial development during adolescence. Here, we analyzed clusters of perceived stress levels across the pandemic and determined developmentally relevant pre-pandemic risk factors in brain structure and sleep of persistently high stress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated longitudinal changes in perceived stress at six timepoints across the first year of the pandemic (May 2020–March 2021) in 5559 adolescents (50 % female; age range: 11–14 years) in the United States (U.S.) participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. In 3141 of these adolescents, we fitted machine learning models to identify the most important pre-pandemic predictors from structural MRI brain measures and self-reported sleep data that were associated with persistently high stress across the first year of the pandemic. Patterns of perceived stress levels varied across the pandemic, with 5 % reporting persistently high stress. Our classifiers accurately detected persistently high stress (AUC > 0.7). Pre-pandemic brain structure, specifically cortical volume in temporal regions, and cortical thickness in multiple parietal and occipital regions, predicted persistent stress. Pre-pandemic sleep difficulties and short sleep duration were also strong predictors of persistent stress, along with more advanced pubertal stage. Adolescents showed variable stress responses during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and some reported persistently high stress across the whole first year. Vulnerability to persistent stress was evident in several brain structural and self-reported sleep measures, collected before the pandemic, suggesting the relevance of other pre-existing individual factors beyond pandemic-related factors, for persistently high stress responses. • The paper reports findings from the ABCD study® on U.S. youth across the first COVID-19 pandemic year: May 2020 – March 2021. • 5% of adolescents reported persistently high stress levels during the first year of the pandemic. • Persistent stress was linked to pre pandemic brain structure, sleep difficulties, and more advanced puberty stages. • The findings inform preventive and treatment approaches for persistent stress during major life stress events like pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Adaptive socio-economic design approach for schooling systems in Egypt's poorest areas (an applied project).
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Ghalwash, Omnia Reda Mohamed, Sheta, Sherif Ahmed Ali, and Samra, Medhat Ahmed Shabaan
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RURAL children ,RURAL poor ,REFUGEE camps ,SCHOOL children ,LIVING conditions ,SCHOOL buildings ,ADOLESCENCE ,BARLEY ,SCHOOL facilities - Abstract
Educational spaces are one of the most critical operations laid down with the architect, school design is a foundation to build/re-build any community. According to current financial variabilities, political crises, and continuous lack of resources, a gap between human classes is widespread, leading to extremely poor, and recently refugees' communities. Regarding to education, the problem is that traditional school buildings with fixed structures are not effective nor available to these categories with extremely low resources and barley any infrastructure, therefore, it is essential to adopt new concepts to activate the function and impact of educational spaces in these urgent communities. The study aims to create a school "system" to fulfill the task of providing educational spaces, depending on the elements of adaptability with considering social, low-cost impact according to main definitions. With implementing the child's psychological- physiological development elements, age category from 6 :13 years "Middle childhood: Early adolescence" inside the design process. In Egypt, there are several areas of extremely poor living conditions, the two highly alarming case studies are first, Upper Egypt's rural villages having the highest ratio of extreme poverty in Egypt, second, refugee camps that became part and parcel of any standing country, both representing urgent need for children's education rescue. This paper is concentrating as a beginning on first case study as it has the highest percentage of out- school children. As result, trying to fulfill the task by creating an applied school system (project-based) with the adopted criteria, suitable to selected areas main conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. Involving children and young people as active partners in paediatric health research.
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Preston, Jennifer, Lappin, Elle, Ainsworth, Jenny, Wood, Claire L., and Dimitri, Paul
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EXPERIMENTAL design ,HUMAN research subjects ,PEDIATRICS ,RESEARCH ethics ,INFORMATION resources ,MEDICAL research ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Paediatric health research is fraught with both ethical and practical challenges that can hinder the successful completion of research studies. Listening to, and acting on, the voices of children and young people in the design and delivery of paediatric health research (otherwise known as Patient and Public Involvement) is one way to overcome such challenges. This paper describes our experiences of working directly with children and young people in various health research initiatives. We recount our journey of involving children and young people as partners and give examples to demonstrate the unique knowledge and insights gained in the production of high-quality research. This short review showcases the many benefits gained if meaningful involvement occurs, including greater understanding of children and young people's perspectives and the impact this has on research studies. We provide various practical resources for researchers on how to meaningfully involve children and young people as partners, how to develop age-appropriate information and guidance to support the ethical review process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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15. The relationship between overweight and education revisited: a test of the selection hypothesis based on adolescents' educational aspirations.
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Diaz-Serrano, L. and Stoyanova, A.P.
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ASSESSMENT of education , *OBESITY , *HIGH schools , *WELL-being , *CROSS-sectional method , *ACADEMIC achievement , *SURVEYS , *BODY mass index - Abstract
This paper examines the selection mechanism underlying the association between overweight/obesity and educational aspirations of adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study based on a survey conducted in secondary schools in Spain in 2016. We estimate linear probability models to determine the association between adolescents' body mass index (BMI) and their expectations to obtain a university degree, as well as their school choices representing the most usual path towards higher studies. To address the potential endogeneity of BMI, we use the instrumental variables (IV) method. Additionally, we account for potential unobserved heterogeneity by including school fixed-effects and a wide set of individual and family characteristics in our analysis. Our results indicate that adolescents with a higher BMI have lower expectations to obtain a university degree and are less likely to enrol in high school with the intention to pursue higher education in the future. The estimated effect is quite sizable and statistically significant only for girls. We estimate that a five-unit increase in BMI (e.g., the change between healthy weight and overweight) reduces girls' expectations to complete higher education by 19 percentage points and odds of enrolling in high school (vs. vocational training) by 21 percentage points. We provide empirical evidence supporting the selection hypothesis behind the relationship between BMI and adolescents' educational aspirations. That is, unhealthy weight in adolescence is associated with poorer aspirations for further education. Lower educational aspirations during adolescence can lead to lower academic achievement, which in turn, may result in poorer health, labour market outcomes, and well-being during adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. The development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) during adolescence: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis.
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De Luca, Lisa, Pastore, Massimiliano, Palladino, Benedetta Emanuela, Reime, Birgit, Warth, Patrick, and Menesini, Ersilia
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SELF-injurious behavior , *SCIENTIFIC literature , *ADOLESCENCE , *LONGITUDINAL method , *TEENAGERS - Abstract
Despite a surge in research on self-injury in the last decade, a summary of research findings about the development of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) over time in community youth samples is not yet present in the scientific literature. This study aims to summarize the empirical literature on this topic, examining both the occurrence (Study 1) and frequency (Study 2) of NSSI over time, and for this reason, a Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis were conducted. Following the PRISMA guidelines, the longitudinal studies included in the systematic review consisted of 41 papers (Study 1 = 16; Study 2 = 25). Only studies with available data were included in the meta-analysis (Study 1 = 12; Study 2 = 11). First, the findings highlight limits related to methodological aspects, the design of the studies, and the availability of data. Meta-analytic results shows that across development, the frequency (i.e., not the occurrence) of NSSI increases for the group of younger adolescents, remains stable in the group of middle adolescents, and it decreases for older adolescents. This study highlights some limitations that can be summarized in three different macro categories: the first refers to methodological aspects (e.g., the lifetime prevalence of NSSI), the second to the design of the studies (e.g., not homogeneous cohort; short-term covered), and the third to the availability of data. The current meta-analysis tries to shed light on the longitudinal research on NSSI behavior and how this behavior develops in terms of both occurrence and frequency, providing practical and methodological indications for future research. • The development of NSSI - occurrence and frequency, in adolescence • A systematic review and a meta-analytic Bayesian approach to synthesize data • Few longitudinal studies with multiple waves and covering long span-time • For younger adolescents, the frequency of NSSI increases over time • For older adolescents, the frequency of NSSI decreases over time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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17. Associations Between Sleep Duration and Positive Mental Health Screens During Adolescent Preventive Visits in Primary Care.
- Author
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Anan, Yomna H., Kahn, Nicole F., Garrison, Michelle M., McCarty, Carolyn A., and Richardson, Laura P.
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CONFIDENCE intervals ,MENTAL status examination ,MENTAL health ,SLEEP duration ,PRIMARY health care ,PREVENTIVE health services ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,ODDS ratio ,DATA analysis software ,SECONDARY analysis ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to understand associations between low sleep duration (< 8 hours) and positive mental health screens among adolescents (ages 13-18) seen for preventive visits in primary care. METHODS: Data were from two randomized controlled trials testing the efficacy of an electronic health risk behavior screening and feedback tool for adolescent preventive visits. Participants (n = 601) completed screeners at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months which included sleep duration in hours and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 screeners for depression and anxiety, respectively. Main analyses included adjusted logistic regressions testing associations between low sleep duration and positive mental health screens. RESULTS: Adjusted models showed that low sleep duration was associated with significantly greater odds of a positive depression screen (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.06-2.37) but not with a positive anxiety screen or co-occurring positive depression and anxiety screens. However, follow-up analyses indicated an interaction between sleep duration and anxiety in the association with a positive depression screen, such that the association between low sleep and a positive depression screen was driven by those who did not screen positive for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: As pediatric primary care guidelines for sleep continue to evolve, further research, training, and support for sleep screening are warranted to ensure effective early intervention for sleep and mental health problems during adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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18. How developmental coordination disorder affects daily life: The adolescent perspective.
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Khairati, Fouziah, Stewart, Natalie, and Zwicker, Jill G.
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- *
APRAXIA , *TEENAGERS , *EVERYDAY life - Abstract
Few studies have focused on the implications of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in the teen years. Understanding the unique needs of adolescents with DCD and the challenges they face are imperative to inform clinical care. To understand how DCD affects daily life from adolescents living with the disorder. Participants were recruited from a database of adolescents who were formally diagnosed with DCD in childhood. Nineteen semi-structured interviews of adolescents with DCD (13–18 years) were conducted and analyzed using an interpretive description approach. Data analysis revealed four overarching themes: (1) Through the years; (2) Standing out, left out, opting out; (3) Rising into Resilience; and (4) Help me to be me. Adolescents with DCD face challenges in physical, cognitive, social, emotional, and mental health domains, but their success can be optimized through provision of support, fostering social connections, the use of strategies, and increasing public understanding. Few services currently exist for adolescents with DCD, as treatment is not standard of care. Insights gained from this study provide client-centred evidence to advocate for intervention for adolescents with DCD, and guide recommendations for clinical care and community support to meet the needs of this under-served population. This paper qualitatively explores the lived experience of adolescents with DCD, adding to the limited research within this population. Expanding beyond the typical focus of motor challenges, this paper highlights the widespread influence of DCD on daily life, including in cognitive, mental health, and social-emotional domains. Common environmental contexts that exacerbate challenges during adolescent years are explored, including high school PE class and electives, learning to drive, beginning employment, and preparing for post-secondary education. Through an interpretive description methodology, this paper delves into clinical and practical solutions to support adolescents with DCD, from an individualized and client-centered perspective. ● Interventions must target physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains. ● Support must consider individuality and be client-driven to meet adolescents' needs. ● Inadequate public knowledge of DCD exacerbates challenges for adolescents with DCD. ● Fostering a positive environment contributes to self-acceptance and resiliency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. A rapid evidence assessment of barriers and strategies in service engagement when working with young people with complex needs.
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Klassman, Kimberly, Malvaso, Catia, Delfabbro, Paul, Moulds, Lauren, and Young, John
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- *
MEDICAL quality control , *PATIENT participation , *HEALTH services accessibility , *HEALTH facilities , *MEDICAL care , *GOVERNMENT agencies , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *COMORBIDITY , *ADULTS , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
• Numerous barriers to service provision exist for young people with complex needs. • Strategies for service engagement are required at the practitioner and system level. • Practitioner-level strategies included relational and structural approaches. • System-level strategies included flexible and collaborative approaches. • Young people appear to benefit most from services adapted to their needs. Young people with complex needs often have a range of co-occurring challenges that require the support of multiple government agencies and services. Increasingly, government agencies are working with young people who present with co-occurring and comorbid complex needs requiring co-ordinated multi-agency responses. However, agencies and services are often faced with multiple obstacles and challenges to meeting the needs of these young people, placing them at increased risk of poor outcomes during their adolescence and into adulthood. The objective of this Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was to provide practice insights as they relate to service engagement for young people with complex needs to highlight ways in which service delivery can be enhanced. Published academic literature as well as relevant material from the grey literature on young people aged 10–25 was synthesized to identify: (a) the principal barriers to service provision, and (b) strategies that facilitate service engagement. A total of 18 papers met the eligibility criteria for review. Papers were assessed using the critical appraisal skills programme (CASP). Individual and system level barriers were identified, including the characteristics of young people and the nature and structure of services. Strategies were identified at the practitioner level (e.g., benefits of relational, structural and empowerment approaches), and the system level (e.g., flexible services, collaborative approaches and improved staffing and resources). The review highlighted the importance of creating a service environment that is structured around the needs of young people rather than one which requires vulnerable young people to adapt to services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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20. The concept of autonomy in adolescent psychiatry healthcare: A philosophical, legal and medical perspective.
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Stocker, Antoine, Théron, Sophie, and Revet, Alexis
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- *
ADOLESCENT psychology , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes , *BIOLOGICAL research , *DECISION making - Abstract
French law does not make it obligatory to obtain the consent of minors for suggested treatments. This situation can put the practitioner in difficulty, especially when trying to work on the issue of autonomy with an adolescent. It is not just the adolescent's autonomy that is only partially recognised during their treatment - that of their parents may also be overlooked by the physician in the child's best interest. In this situation, what can the physician do when working on areas related to autonomy, which are of the utmost importance during adolescence, and which become even more important during any treatment for potential psychiatric disorders? This opinion paper provides a focus on the concepts of autonomy, discernment, and the child's best interest, using a triple philosophical, legal, and medical approach, in order to provide guidance to practitioners confronted in their clinical practice with this central, complex and paradoxical issue. The modern-day philosophical approach ties the concept of autonomy to that of vulnerability. The interplay between the free exercise of the subject's rights and their protection is at issue in French law, which proposes to gradually provide new rights, and thus progressive autonomy, to minors, according to an evaluation of their level of discernment. It is similar to clinical practice and biomedical research which tend to objectively evaluate the level of discernment of children and adolescents. This evaluation is partially influenced by the physician's own values, which they need to be conscious of, in order to better accompany patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. It's getting hot in here: heat stroke in children and young people for paediatric clinicians.
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Forsyth, Nathan and Solan, Tom
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HEAT stroke ,CLIMATOLOGY ,GREENHOUSE effect ,CHILDREN ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Children and young people are at increased risk of heat-related illness such as heat stroke. This is largely due to their anatomy, physiology and overall development. What makes them particularly vulnerable is their reliance on others to protect them from extreme heat and provide shade and water at times of prolonged exposure. With a rise in environmental temperatures associated with global warming, experts are warning of an increase in paediatric heat-related illnesses. Management of heat stroke in adults is well documented, however literature on children and young people is variable. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the presentation of paediatric heatstroke for clinicians caring for children and young people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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22. Researching intercultural competence and critical consciousness among adolescents growing up in societies of immigration.
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Schwarzenthal, Miriam
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IMMIGRANTS ,RACISM ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,COMMUNITIES ,SOCIAL justice ,CULTURAL competence ,CRITICAL consciousness ,ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Increasing immigration-related diversity in many societies is not only accompanied by heightened cultural diversity (e.g., diversity of values and norms), but also by social inequity (e.g., racism and discrimination). While many educators have proposed that adolescents growing up in diverse societies need to develop intercultural competence, many conceptualizations of intercultural competence do not take social inequity into account. In this paper, I aim to a) show that the concept of critical consciousness is an important complement to intercultural competence in societies of immigration, and b) discuss four central research challenges that need to be addressed when researching both concepts among adolescents. A closer look at how these challenges can be addressed contributes to advancing research on each of the two concepts separately, but also to opening up avenues for a further integration of the two research fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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23. Young people returning to alcohol and other drug services as incremental treatment.
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MacLean, Sarah J., Caluzzi, Gabriel, Ferry, Mark, Bruun, Andrew, Sundbery, Jacqui, Skattebol, Jennifer, Neale, Joanne, and Bryant, Joanne
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- *
ALCOHOLISM treatment , *SUBSTANCE abuse treatment , *QUALITATIVE research , *INTERVIEWING , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *LONGITUDINAL method , *PATIENT participation , *WELL-being , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Young people who attend intensive alcohol and other drug (AoD) treatment commonly do so more than once. This paper aims to understand precipitators, enablers and barriers to young people's re-engagement in programs. Data come from a longitudinal qualitative study involving three waves of interviews with Australian young people recruited while attending intensive AoD programs (n = 38 at wave 1). We found that young people's ambitions for what they might achieve with a new stay and capacity to benefit from programs, evolved. Skills learnt in earlier stays or changed life circumstances often helped them achieve better outcomes subsequently. Ongoing contact with an AoD worker was the most important enabler to service re-engagement. Across the span of a year, we saw most young people in our study sample develop a stronger sense of wellbeing and control over substance use. While researchers tend to focus on evaluating outcomes associated with single stays at specific programs, young people think about their trajectories towards managing substance use and their lives as occurring more holistically, supported by engagements with a range of services. We argue that the notion of incremental treatment is useful in depicting the synergistic effects of service engagement over time. • Young people affected by substance use often attend many programs. • Participants who returned to services reported new goals and changed circumstances. • AoD treatment effects build as young people learn and engage with services. • The medical term 'incremental treatment' is useful in depicting this. • Outcomes should be measured through service system engagement over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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24. Evaluation of a medical student-delivered smoking prevention program utilizing a face-aging mobile app for secondary schools in Germany: The Education Against Tobacco cluster-randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Brinker, Titus J., Krieghoff-Henning, Eva I., Suhre, Janina L., Silchmüller, Marc Phillipp, Divizieva, Evgenia, Wilhelm, Jilada, Hillebrand, Gabriel, Haney, Ailís C., Srivastava, Aayushi, Haney, Caelán M., Seeger, Werner, Penka, Dominik, Gall, Henning, Gaim, Benedikt, Glisic, Lazar, Stark, Tobias, Swoboda, Susanne M., Baumermann, Sonja, Brieske, Christian M., and Jakob, Lena
- Subjects
- *
SMOKING prevention , *SMOKING cessation , *MOBILE apps , *HIGH schools , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *STATISTICAL sampling , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *CONTROL groups , *PRE-tests & post-tests , *PSYCHOLOGY of medical students , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
To reduce smoking uptake in adolescents, the medical students' network Education Against Tobacco (EAT) has developed a school-based intervention involving a face-aging mobile app (Smokerface). A two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted, evaluating the 2016 EAT intervention, which employed the mobile app Smokerface and which was delivered by medical students. Schools were randomized to intervention or control group. Surveys were conducted at baseline (pre-intervention) and at 9, 16, and 24 months post-intervention via paper & pencil questionnaires. The primary outcome was the difference in within-group changes in smoking prevalence between intervention and control group at 24 months. Overall, 144 German secondary schools comprising 11,286 pupils participated in the baseline survey, of which 100 schools participated in the baseline and at least one of the follow-up surveys, yielding 7437 pupils in the analysis sample. After 24 months, smoking prevalence was numerically lower in the intervention group compared to control group (12.9 % vs. 14.3 %); however, between-group differences in change in smoking prevalence between baseline and 24-months follow-up (OR=0.83, 95 %-CI: 0.64–1.09) were not statistically significant (p = 0.176). Intention to start smoking among baseline non-smokers declined non-significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.064), and remained essentially unchanged in the control group, but between-group differences in changes at the 24-months follow-up (OR=0.88, 0.64–1.21) were not statistically significant (p = 0.417). While a trend towards beneficial effects of the intervention regarding smoking prevalence as well as intention to start smoking among baseline non-smokers was observed, our smoking prevention trial demonstrated no significant effect of the intervention. • A face-aging app intervention aimed to reduce adolescent smoking uptake. • Two-arm cluster-randomized controlled trial with 144 German secondary schools. • No significant difference in smoking prevalence change at 24 months (p = 0.176). • Subgroup analyses showed a tendency towards benefits among boys and grammar school pupils. • Intention to start smoking declined non-significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.064). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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25. Pro bono in the real World: A comprehensive review of the literature and recommendations for meaningful engagement.
- Author
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Winter, Emily L., Maharjan, Sachiko, Micali, Erin, Stillman, Casey, Mason, Claire, and Gordon, Precious
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- *
PATIENT selection , *OCCUPATIONAL roles , *MENTAL status examination , *SCHOOLS , *FAMILY relations , *PSYCHOEDUCATION , *ELIGIBILITY (Social aspects) , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *PUBLIC health , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *ACCESS to information , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILDREN ,PROFESSIONAL ethics of psychologists - Abstract
• Psychologists are encouraged to offer pro bono services as per their ethical code. • Guidance on what pro bono looks like in practice is unclear. • Recommendations include focusing on clinic design, equity, family support, and crisis response. • The call for future research in low-fee and pro bono work is much needed. The APA's Ethical Principles for Psychologists explicitly addresses and humbly encourages pro bono work: "psychologists strive to contribute a portion of their professional time for little or no compensation or personal advantage." Yet, there is ambiguity surrounding the specifics, including frequency, time commitment, eligible services, and fair selection process to determine who will receive services. Materials and Methods: This manuscript provides the results of a comprehensive literature review on pro bono work. Initially focused on psychological assessment (e.g., neuropsychological, psychoeducational), the literature search expanded to therapy, community-based practice, and fee/paid assessment studies due to the dearth of literature. The purpose of the review to explore pro bono services in order to better understand in the future how services impact a child's access to education, family engagement, and school relationships. Results: Two primary and secondary searches were completed. The primary search investigated the involvement of the family system when working with children and adolescents. The secondary search looked at the effectiveness of psychological, neuropsychological, and psychoeducational assessments to bolster results and provide additional recommendations and future directions. Discussion: The paper also features detailed recommendations based on the search results for how clinicians can engage meaningfully in pro bono work in their current practice along four main themes: community clinic, crisis, equity, and family support. Conclusion: Finally, future directions will address the substantial gaps in the literature on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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26. The mediator role of negative and positive automatic thoughts between attachment quality towards significant others and adolescents' internalizing problems.
- Author
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Florean, Ionut Stelian, Dobrean, Anca, Roman, Gabriela Diana, Poetar, Costina-Ruxandra, Vîlceanu, Cristina, and Predescu, Elena
- Subjects
- *
ATTACHMENT behavior , *PARENT-child relationships , *AFFINITY groups , *INTERNALIZING behavior , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *MATHEMATICAL models , *THEORY , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
• Adolescents' attachment quality to significant others exerts an influence on their internalizing problems through the development of both positive and negative automatic thoughts. • Attachment to mother and father has both shared (conjugated) and unique (specific to each parent) effects on the levels of automatic thoughts and internalizing problems. • Attachment to peers exhibits distinct effects beyond the influence of parental attachment on automatic thoughts and internalizing problems. • Neither gender nor age served as significant moderators in any of the pathways examined. Previous studies found that the insecure attachment of adolescents towards their mother, father, and peers leads to more internalizing problems and maladaptive cognitive processes (for example, low self-esteem). However, the dynamic between the attachment of adolescents, negative and positive automatic thoughts, and internalizing problems of adolescents is not well understood. The present study proposed and tested a theoretical model in which positive and negative automatic thoughts mediate the relationship between the attachment of adolescents towards their parents and peers and the internalizing problems of adolescents. A clinical sample of adolescents (N=105; mean age = 16.60), diagnosed with internalizing disorders, have filled out the evaluations for this study. All analyses were conducted in RStudio, and the mediation models were tested using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling. Our main results are that positive and negative automatic thoughts mediate the relationship between adolescents' parents- and peer-related attachment and internalizing problems. The biological sex and age of adolescents did not moderate any of the paths in the model. Parents and peer attachment, along with positive and negative automatic thoughts, explained 57 % of the variance in the internalizing problems of adolescents. The main findings of the paper are discussed, and the main caveats are underlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Identifying the relationship between recreation engagement, bullying, and suicidality in high school students.
- Author
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Thomas, Allie, Van Puymbroeck, Marieke, Crowe, Brandi M., Townsend, Jasmine, and Farnsworth II, James L.
- Subjects
- *
SUICIDE risk factors , *BULLYING prevention , *RECREATION , *CYBERBULLYING , *SEX distribution , *SEXUAL orientation identity , *PSYCHOLOGY of high school students , *BULLYING , *SUICIDE , *MEDICAL research , *SOCIAL participation , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Bullying is prevalent among adolescents causing significant impacts to adolescent health. Engaging in recreation provides an opportunity for positive health outcomes. This study examined associations among adolescent sex and sexual identity, recreation engagement, bullying, and suicidality. The findings from this paper support that suicidality during adolescence remains elevated. Results demonstrated that cyberbullying is more prevalent than in-person bullying but neither form of bullying influenced suicidality for high school students. Recreation engagement did not show a significant interaction with suicidality, but high school students did report a reduction in recreation engagement. Findings suggest that prevention efforts and further research are needed to minimize the high prevalence of bullying behaviors and suicidality during adolescence. In addition, more research is needed to identify programs that can be implemented in schools and communities that provide outlets for adolescents during the adverse experience of being bullied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The seeds of tomorrow: Investigating adolescent perception of the future with the Futures Consciousness scale for adolescents.
- Author
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Lalot, Fanny, Ahvenharju, Sanna, and Bishop, Peter C.
- Subjects
ANT algorithms ,CONFIRMATORY factor analysis ,TIME perspective ,ENGLISH language ,ITALIAN language - Abstract
Futures Consciousness (FC) describes the human capacity to understand, anticipate, prepare for and embrace the future. Differences in FC between individuals (as a psychological construct) can be reliably measured quantitatively with the Futures Consciousness scale. However, the FC scale is only suitable for the adult population. Based on the contention that Futures Consciousness emerges at a younger age, we endeavour to develop and validate an adapted version of the FC scale that is suitable for adolescents (aged 11–18). This paper presents the statistical analyses that led to the validation of a 15-item instrument, the FC-Adolescent scale. Data from N = 1138 adolescents from five countries allowed us to validate the scale in four languages (English, Dutch, Italian, and Turkish) through a dual approach of confirmatory factor analyses and ant colony optimisation item-sampling procedure. The results show that the five-dimensional structure of FC also holds for adolescents and that it can be measured with the scale developed here. Interestingly, we found no correlation between FC and age in the range of 11–18 years old. We discuss implications for research and potential applications for educators and foresight practitioners. • We validate the FC-Adolescent scale in four languages (NL, EN, IT, TR). • Futures Consciousness (FC) can be reliably assessed amongst adolescents. • Adolescents differ in their FC propensity as measured by the FC scale. • The scale can be utilised by foresight practitioners and educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Adaptation of a trauma-informed intervention to prevent opioid use among youth in the legal system.
- Author
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Rázuri, Erin Becker, Yang, Yang, Tinius, Elaine, and Knight, Danica Kalling
- Subjects
- *
WOUND care , *SUBSTANCE abuse prevention , *JUVENILE delinquency , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *CURRICULUM , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *TRANSITIONAL care , *CAREGIVERS , *TRUST , *FAMILY-centered care , *NARCOTICS , *RESIDENTIAL care , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Youth in the legal system are at high risk for opioid and other substance use problems and exhibit high rates of trauma exposure. Trauma-focused therapeutic approaches to prevent substance use show promise, but few evidence-based interventions are designed with justice-involved youth in mind. Consequently, implementing trauma-informed, evidence-based interventions within juvenile justice systems is challenging. The current paper describes the systematic adaptation of Trust-Based Relational Intervention (TBRI) as a family-centered substance use prevention program for youth transitioning from secure residential facilities. The study utilized the ADAPT-ITT methodological framework to adapt TBRI Caregiver Training, an evidence-based, trauma-informed intervention designed to help caregivers support children and youth with histories of trauma. Phases of adaptation included (1) Assessment , (2) Decision , (3) Prototype Development , and (4) Testing and Integration. The adaptation process explored contextual factors (e.g., systems, facilities, and staff) and the needs of the new target population (i.e., youth in the legal system and their caregivers). Adaptations were made to both content (e.g., terminology and activities) and structure (e.g., session duration and delivery setting) with input from participants from the target population, key stakeholders, and content experts. The systematic adaptation of the intervention model resulted in a two-phase, four-component intervention package that can be implemented in juvenile justice settings as part of youth reentry services. The primary intervention, delivered while youth are in residential facilities, includes the TBRI Caregiver Curriculum , TBRI Youth & Young Adult Curriculum , and TBRI Nurture Groups. The secondary intervention, delivered after youth transition home, includes the TBRI Family Coaching Curriculum. Utilizing a systematic methodological framework to guide adaptation has implications for developing accessible, culturally relevant, and contextually appropriate interventions. Accounting for contextual factors and population needs can improve the fit of evidence-based interventions for youth in the legal system, facilitating uptake and ultimately improving outcomes for youth at risk for substance use problems. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04678960. • Trust-Based Relational Intervention adapted for youth in the legal system • Adaptation of evidence-based intervention using ADAPT-ITT methodology • Trauma-informed intervention to prevent substance use among youth in the legal system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. "It's okay to dream: Navigating trauma, healing, and futuring among LGBTQ + Black girls, transgender and nonbinary youth in New York State".
- Author
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Mountz, Sarah, Dill, LeConté J., Willows, Megan, and Dyett, Jordan
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL sciences , *SEX crimes , *WOMEN , *QUALITATIVE research , *HOMOPHOBIA , *TRANSPHOBIA , *SOCIAL justice , *INTERVIEWING , *FOSTER home care , *EMOTIONAL trauma , *BLACK people , *RACISM , *THEMATIC analysis , *BLACK LGBTQ+ people , *ADVERSE childhood experiences , *ADOLESCENCE , *ADULTS - Abstract
• The lives of Black girls, femmes, transgender, and nonbinary (TGNB) young people who identify as LGBTQ + are punctuated by experiences of oppression-based, interpersonal, and systemic trauma. • Healing and creative resistance are strong driving forces facilitated by pride in one's identities, artistic expression, and mindfulness facilitated by time spent in nature and parks. • Individual and collective dreaming and futuring are central to the living of LGBTQ + identified Black girls, femmes, and TGNB young people. Black LGBTQ + girls, femmes, transgender and nonbinary youth and young adults experience high rates of sexual violence, and other forms of trauma, including oppression-based trauma related to racism, misogynoir, homophobia and transphobia. Black LGBTQ + girls, femmes, transgender and nonbinary young people, whose experiences are underexplored within social science research, also experience disparately harsh discipline and pushout within school settings while being disproportionately represented in the foster care and juvenile justice systems. However, they are also a community with a tremendous history of creative resistance, and legacies of activism and powerful healing practices. Within this paper we have disaggregated the interview data of 13 LGBTQ + identified participants from a larger qualitative study with 24 Black girls, femmes, transgender and nonbinary youth, aged 16–25, who reside in New York State. Data were analyzed using critical thematic analysis and three main themes emerged: 1) the significance of participants' experiences of childhood trauma, 2) participants' conceptualizations and experiences of healing and resistance, and 3) participants aspirations and dreams for their futures and the futures of their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Lessons Learned About Barriers to Implementing School-Based Interventions for Adolescents: Ideas for Enhancing Future Research and Clinical Projects.
- Author
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Ehrlich, Caroline J., Danzi, BreAnne A., La Greca, Annette M., and Girio-Herrera, Erin
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ADOLESCENCE ,SCHOOL mental health services ,PREDICTION markets - Abstract
The majority of youth with mental health problems do not receive treatment, highlighting the critical need to transport evidence-based interventions into community settings, such as schools. Despite being able to reach a large number of adolescents and minority youth, the process of implementing evidence-based interventions to schools is challenging. This paper discusses some expected and unexpected challenges experienced during the implementation of an open trial and a pilot randomized controlled trial examining the acceptability and effectiveness of a school-based preventive intervention for adolescents at risk for internalizing disorders. First, we highlight key programs and findings on preventive interventions for adolescents at risk for depression and anxiety. Next, we provide a brief overview of the preventive intervention we implemented in schools. This provides a context for the section that describes implementation issues and highlights specific challenges and potential solutions for intervention implementation. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for researchers and clinicians interested in implementing school-based mental health services for adolescents. • School-based, preventive intervention for adolescents at risk for depression and anxiety • School-based prevention intervention processes involved in implementation • Specific challenges and potential solutions given for issues involved in implementation • Recommendations for implementing school-based mental health services for adolescents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A choose your own adventure story: Conceptualizing depression in children and adolescents from traditional DSM and alternative latent dimensional approaches.
- Author
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Hankin, Benjamin L.
- Subjects
- *
ADOLESCENCE , *ADVENTURE stories , *CHILDREN , *TEST validity , *YOUTH - Abstract
For the past several decades, the phenomenon of depression largely has been defined, classified, and thus assessed and analyzed, according to criteria based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (now DSM5). A substantial body of knowledge on epidemiology, course, risk factors, correlates, consequences, assessment, and intervention for youth depression is based on this classical nosological approach to conceptualizing depression. Yet, recent structural and classification approaches, such as latent dimensional bifactor models (e.g., P factor model; Caspi et al., 2014) and hierarchical organizations (e.g., HiTOP; Kotov, Waszczuk, Krueger, Forbes, & Watson, 2017), have been proposed and supported as alternative options to characterize features of depression. This paper considers conceptualizations of depression among youth with a particular focus on validity: how important clinical outcomes and risks (genetic, neural, temperament, early pubertal timing, stress, and cognitive) relate to depression when ascertained via traditional DSM-defined depression versus more recent latent dimensional model approaches. The construct validity of depression, in terms of associations within respective nomological networks, varies by depression conceptualization. Clinical scientists and applied practitioners need to clearly think through the nature of what depression is and how the latent construct is conceptualized and measured. Conclusions reached for research, teaching, and evidence-based clinical work are affected and may not be the same across different conceptual and nosological organizational schemes. • This paper considers classification of depression in youth and how validity of risk to depression depends on conceptualization of depression in a nomological network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The Link: An Alternative Educational Program in the Netherlands to Reengage School-Refusing Adolescents With Schooling.
- Author
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Brouwer-Borghuis, Marije L., Heyne, David, Sauter, Floor M., and Scholte, Ron H.J.
- Subjects
PATIENT refusal of treatment ,ANXIETY disorders ,TREATMENT programs ,TEENAGERS - Abstract
Abstract Facets of school life affect the development and maintenance of school refusal (SR). These facets will warrant attention during intervention for SR. This paper considers a range of school-related factors associated with SR, grouped according to five domains of school climate. It also describes school-based interventions for SR in the form of alternative educational programs (AEPs). The paper then presents the Link, an AEP for Dutch adolescents with SR. The Link offers an educational setting that addresses school-related factors associated with SR. After participation in the Link, adolescents are helped to return to a more typical educational setting. Based on a review of 30 case files, we provide an account of adolescents who have participated in the Link. Often, these adolescents displayed chronic and severe SR, met criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders, and were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The Link process is illustrated via a case vignette. Thereafter, the role of AEPs in the treatment of SR is discussed. Highlights • Reviews factors associated with school refusal, using five domains of school climate. • Describes alternative educational programs used in the treatment of school refusal. • Presents the Link, an alternative educational program for school-refusing adolescents. • Illustrates the Link population and process based on file review and a case vignette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Factors influencing the development of empathy and pro-social behaviour among adolescents: A systematic review.
- Author
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Silke, Charlotte, Brady, Bernadine, Boylan, Ciara, and Dolan, Pat
- Subjects
- *
ADOLESCENCE , *EMOTIONS , *EMPATHY , *MENTAL orientation , *SOCIAL skills , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *WELL-being - Abstract
Abstract Research has indicated that empathy and prosocial responding are associated with numerous emotional, psychological and social benefits. However, although adolescence is recognised as a key period for prosocial development, knowledge about the factors that facilitate the development of empathy and prosocial responding among adolescents is limited. A narrative systematic review was conducted of studies examining the significant social and psychological correlates of empathy and prosocial behaviour in adolescents. Empirical research papers focusing on typically developing adolescents, aged 13-18 years were identified and assessed for quality. Findings from a total of 168 papers were extracted and subjected to a narrative synthesis. Results indicated that a number of different contextual and psychological factors significantly influence the levels of other-oriented (empathy and prosocial) responding expressed by adolescents. However, findings indicate that differential relationships may be observed depending on how empathy and prosocial responding are operationalised. Overall, results from this review have important implications for future research and policy. Highlights • Greater understanding about the development of empathy and prosocial responding during adolescence is warranted • Youth empathy and prosocial behaviour are associated with numerous different social/individual factors. • Greater consistency in how empathy and prosocial behaviour are conceptualised and measured in independent research studies is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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35. Is subthreshold depression in adolescence clinically relevant?
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Noyes, Blake K., Munoz, Douglas P., Khalid-Khan, Sarosh, Brietzke, Elisa, and Booij, Linda
- Subjects
- *
DEPRESSION in adolescence , *MENTAL depression , *MEDICAL care use , *BRAIN anatomy , *DISEASE progression , *SUICIDE risk factors , *THRESHOLD (Perception) , *DIAGNOSIS of mental depression , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *LITERATURE reviews , *COMORBIDITY - Abstract
Background: Subthreshold depression is highly prevalent in adolescence, but compared to major depressive disorder, the clinical impact is under-researched. The aim of this review was to compare subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in adolescents by reviewing available literature on epidemiology, risk factors, illness trajectories, brain anatomy and function, genetics, and treatment response.Methods: We conducted a scoping review of papers on subthreshold depression and major depressive disorder in adolescence published in English. Studies in adults were included when research in adolescence was not available.Results: We found that individuals with subthreshold depression were similar to individuals with major depressive disorder in several regards, including female/male ratio, onset, functional impairment, comorbidity, health care utilization, suicidal ideation, genetic predisposition, brain alterations, and treatment response. Further, subthreshold depression was about two times more common than major depressive disorder.Limitations: The definition of subthreshold depression is highly variable across studies. Adolescent-specific data are limited in the areas of neurobiology and treatment.Conclusions: The findings of the current review support the idea that subthreshold depression is of clinical importance and provide evidence for a spectrum, versus categorical model, for depressive symptomatology. Given the frequency of subthreshold depression escalating to major depressive disorder, a greater recognition and awareness of the significance of subthreshold depression in research, clinical practice and policy-making may facilitate the development and application of early prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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36. Circulation of care among unaccompanied migrant youth from Guatemala.
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Heidbrink, Lauren
- Subjects
- *
CONFLICT (Psychology) , *VICTIMS , *ETHNOLOGY research , *NOMADS , *FAMILY attitudes , *ADOLESCENCE , *PSYCHOLOGY ,MEDICAL care for teenagers - Abstract
From ethnographic research with unaccompanied children in the United States and Guatemala, this paper explores emergent and, at times, conflicting narratives of care that young migrants encounter while in U.S. federal custody. They are depicted as ‘ideal’ victims deserving of care and simultaneously as unauthorized outlaws subject to state discipline via detention and deportation. In contrast, Guatemalan youth and their families speak of migration as a cultural elaboration of care in which they are agents of caregiving, employing transnational migration as a collective and historically-rooted survival strategy. By examining the multiple conceptualizations of care that young people encounter and embody, this paper problematizes theorizations of ‘care’ by tracing the conflicting meanings assigned to it. Informed by the perspectives of young migrants and their families, the paper suggests ways that service providers might better serve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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37. Stunting later in childhood and outcomes as a young adult: Evidence from India.
- Author
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Himaz, Rozana
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- *
STUNTED growth , *GROWTH disorders , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *YOUTH , *CHILDREN , *STATURE , *AGE differences , *HEALTH - Abstract
This paper looks at patterns of growth faltering and catch up of around 1000 children as they moved from 8 to 19 years of age, from middle childhood through adolescence to young adulthood, using Height for Age Difference (HAD) and the more conventional Height for age z-scores (HAZ). It also looks at what individual and household characteristics may have moved these children into or out of situations of nutritional deprivation and how their stunting profile in later childhood correlates with psychosocial outcomes at age 19 and how it may have intergenerational consequences. The paper uses 4 rounds of longitudinal data collected in 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2013 from Andhra Pradesh and Telengana, India when the children were aged 8, 12, 15 and 19. The paper finds that there are significant gender based biases in growth faltering later in childhood disfavouring girls and that becoming newly stunted as an adolescent is strongly correlated with a child reporting to have poorer relationships with peers compared to the group that were never stunted. We also find that a girl experiencing stunting in middle childhood or adolescence (even if they were not stunted at age 8 or eventually moved out of being stunted by age 19) correlates significantly with offspring being shorter and thinner than the offspring of girls never stunted. This is one of few, if any, studies that look at growth patterns in middle childhood and adolescence and outcomes as a young adult and the results are important for their implications for further research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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38. Compete or rest? Willingness to compete hurt among adolescent elite athletes.
- Author
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Mayer, Jochen, Giel, Katrin Elisabeth, Malcolm, Dominic, Schneider, Sven, Diehl, Katharina, Zipfel, Stephan, and Thiel, Ansgar
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- *
SPORTS psychology , *COACHES (Athletics) , *COMPETITION (Psychology) , *HEALTH promotion , *MANAGEMENT styles , *SPORTS events , *ELITE athletes , *HEALTH & social status , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ADOLESCENCE , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective Training and competing despite underlying health problems is a common social practice in sport. Adolescent elite athletes are particularly vulnerable to possible health consequences of this risky behavior due to their very sensitive developmental stage. Conceptualizing this phenomenon of playing hurt as sickness presenteeism, and taking the concept of absence/presence legitimacy into account, this paper analyzes the propensity of adolescent elite athletes to compete in the face of health problems. The central aim is to empirically identify characteristics of elite sport subcultures which affect athletes’ willingness to compete hurt (WCH). Materials & methods Based on a comprehensive sample of 1138 German elite adolescent athletes from all Olympic sports (14–18 years), the paper applies classification tree analysis to analyze the social and individual determinants of the WCH. Results Determinants on three hierarchical levels were identified, including type of sport, perceptions of social pressure, coach's leadership style and athletes' age. The group with the highest WCH were athletes from technical sports who have a coach with an autocratic leadership style. Second was athletes from ball games, and those in aesthetic and weight-dependent sports, aged between 17 and 18 years old. The lowest mean WCH-score, by some distance, occurred amongst the group of endurance and power sports athletes who experienced no direct social pressure to play hurt. Conclusions The findings enhance our understanding of absence/presence legitimacy in highly competitive social contexts and contribute to the development of more effective target-group-specific health prevention programs for young athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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39. Bullying and peer violence among children and adolescents in residential care settings: A review of the literature.
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Mazzone, Angela, Nocentini, Annalaura, and Menesini, Ersilia
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- *
AGE distribution , *BULLYING , *ERIC (Information retrieval system) , *LENGTH of stay in hospitals , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *SEX distribution , *VIOLENCE , *RESIDENTIAL care , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILDREN ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
The present paper offers a review of the phenomena of bullying and peer violence among children and adolescents living in residential care settings (RCS). The review was conducted on four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and ERIC). Findings of the 31 full-text papers included in the present work showed that bullying and peer violence involve various forms of direct and indirect attacks. While bullying in RCS involves severe and repeated aggressive actions, peer violence seems to be characterized by distinct levels of severity; i.e., low-level attacks are infrequent and isolated, whereas high level attacks may be severe and frequent. Several individual factors, such as age, gender, and length of stay in RCS were found to be associated with both bullying and peer violence. Contextual risk factors such as activities, structure and facility size, along with a residential peer culture characterized by a high level of hierarchy and a poor emotional bond between children and staff, contributed to bullying and peer violence. Furthermore, findings of the studies included in the present review showed that both perpetrators and victims manifest a number of behavioral and psychological problems. Overall, the present study offers a picture of bullying and peer violence among institutionalized children. However, distinct operationalization of constructs among studies, together with the use of different methods and measures, made comparisons among studies difficult. Future research should overcome these limitations in order to promote validity and compatibility of research in this field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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40. Conditions of successful treatment referral practices with justice-involved youth: Qualitative insights from probation and service provider staff involved in JJ-TRIALS.
- Author
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Nelson, Veronica, Wood, Jennifer, Belenko, Steven, Pankow, Jen, and Piper, Kaitlin
- Subjects
- *
SUBSTANCE abuse treatment , *SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors , *JUVENILE delinquency , *COMMUNITY health services , *DOCUMENTATION , *QUALITATIVE research , *FOCUS groups , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *MENTAL health services , *STATISTICAL sampling , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *CLUSTER sampling , *ORGANIZATIONAL change , *COMMUNICATION , *CRIMINAL justice system , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *MEDICAL referrals , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
Compared to the general U.S. adolescent population, young people involved in the juvenile justice system are at greater risk of experiencing substance use (SU) issues. There are critical opportunities across the juvenile justice continuum, at points of interface with community-based treatment services, to screen and assess for SU issues, identify unmet treatment needs, and refer those in need to treatment. The treatment referral process is, however, complex, and contingent on a seamless nexus between juvenile justice operations and the wider treatment provider landscape. Given the lack of successful SU referrals among justice-involved youth and the variable referral rates across jurisdictions, this study's aim is to provide a qualitative, explanatory understanding of the conditions that together contribute to successful referring practices. The study is based on an analysis of a qualitative dataset comprising focus group data with probation and community-based behavioral health treatment staff working in 31 sites in 6 different states as part of the clustered randomized trial of an organizational change intervention known as JJ-TRIALS (Juvenile Justice Translational Research on Interventions for Adolescents in the Legal System). The data contain respondents' narratives on the achievements, successes, and challenges with implementing the intervention. The data were analyzed through a combination of strategies to identify the conditions that both facilitate and impede referral processes between probation offices and community-based SU treatment providers. Participants across sites discussed the positive impacts that the JJ-TRIALS intervention had on their improved ability to communicate, collaborate, and collect data. From the interviews, seven main conditions were observed to contribute to successful SU treatment referral practices: (1) communication (inter-organizational); (2) collaboration; (3) data-driven practices; (4) family engagement; (5) institutionalized policy and referral documentation; (6) efficient referral policies and procedures; and (7) suitable and accessible system of treatment providers. Findings highlight the value of a holistic understanding of successful treatment referrals for justice-involved youth and help inform research and practice efforts to identify and measure the many dimensions of referral-making at the interface of juvenile probation and behavioral health services. • Justice-involved youth experience disproportionate rates of substance use (SU). • The JJ-TRIALS project was an implementation intervention aimed at reducing unmet SU treatment needs. • This paper examines conditions for successful referral practices in the context of JJ-TRIALS. • Findings reveal a mix of 7 conditions that together facilitate treatment referrals. • Future studies should measure and analyze the relative 'weighting' of different conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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41. Problematic social media use in childhood and adolescence.
- Author
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Montag, Christian, Demetrovics, Zsolt, Elhai, Jon D., Grant, Don, Koning, Ina, Rumpf, Hans-Jürgen, M. Spada, Marcantonio, Throuvala, Melina, and van den Eijnden, Regina
- Subjects
- *
YOUNG adults , *SOCIAL media , *SUICIDAL behavior in youth , *SUICIDE risk factors , *ADOLESCENCE , *SOCIAL media addiction - Abstract
• The present paper reviews literature on problematic social media use in children and adolescents. • The Who-, Why-, How-questions around (problematic) social media use are highlighted. • Recommendations on the topic are provided. At the time of writing, about 4.59 billion people use social media with many adolescents using their social media accounts across a myriad of applications and platforms. According to recent statistics, in 2022 individuals spent an average of 151 minutes on social media each day, illustrating the global relevance of social media (Dixon, 2022a,b). One of the pressing questions, internationally, is whether social media use is harmful and/or addictive. This question is of particular importance because many teenagers - and younger adolescents - spend considerable time on these platforms, which have increasingly become an integral part of their lives. Moreover, considering lifespan development, adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to specific features and advertisements shown to them on social media platforms. Growing prevalence of poor mental health in young people has led to recent recommendations in the United States to routinely screen for anxiety in 8-18 year olds, and for depression and suicide risk for adolescents between 12-18 years of age (US Preventive Services Task Force et al., 2022 a,b) – the conditions often accompanying problematic social media use. The present work not only provides insights into the current state of the literature but provides also recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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42. Expanding understanding of adolescent neural sensitivity to peers: Using social information processing theory to generate new lines of research.
- Author
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Venticinque, Joseph S., McMillan, Sarah J., and Guyer, Amanda E.
- Abstract
Adolescence is a period of normative heightened sensitivity to peer influence. Individual differences in susceptibility to peers is related to individual differences in neural sensitivity, particularly in brain regions that support an increasingly greater orientation toward peers. Despite these empirically-established patterns, the more specific psychosocial and socio-cognitive factors associated with individual differences in neural sensitivity to peer influence are just beginning to gain research attention. Specific features of the factors that contribute to how adolescents process social information can inform understanding of the psychological and neurobiological processes involved in what renders adolescents to be more or less susceptible to peer influences. In this paper, we (1) review the literature about peer, family, and broader contextual influences on sensitivity to peers' positive and negative behaviors, (2) outline components of social information processing theories, and (3) discuss features of these models from the perspectives and social cognitive development and social neuroscience. We identify gaps in the current literature that need to be addressed in order to gain a more comprehensive view of adolescent neural sensitivity to peer influence. We conclude by suggesting how future neuroimaging studies can adopt components of this social information processing model to generate new lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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43. A study of the influence of altruism, social responsibility, reciprocity, and the subjective norm on online prosocial behavior in adolescence.
- Author
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Pastor, Yolanda, Pérez-Torres, Vanesa, Thomas-Currás, Helena, Lobato-Rincón, Luis Lucio, López-Sáez, Miguel Ángel, and García, Alejandro
- Subjects
- *
PREVENTION of cyberbullying , *SOCIALIZATION , *AGE distribution , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *SOCIAL norms , *ALTRUISM , *CROSS-sectional method , *INTERNET , *SOCIAL networks , *COOPERATIVENESS , *SEX distribution , *HEALTH attitudes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SOCIAL skills , *EMOTIONS , *AGGRESSION (Psychology) , *SOCIAL responsibility , *ADOLESCENCE - Abstract
While the study of offline prosocial behavior has a long tradition, much less information is available about how these behaviors manifest and change in the digital environment, and little is known about their background. This paper evaluates differences by age and gender in a variety of attitudes and beliefs during adolescence and studies their influence on the online prosocial behavior emitted and received. A cross-sectional study was performed with 1299 participants aged between 14 and 20 from the Region of Madrid (Spain). The Spanish adaptation of the Online Prosocial Behavior Scale and a selection of items from various studies on attitudes and beliefs regarding altruism, direct and indirect reciprocity, social responsibility, and the perception of the subjective norm were administered. The results suggest that female adolescents maintain higher altruism, social responsibility, and indirect reciprocity than males, and that the older age group (18–20 years old) has higher scores in altruism, social responsibility, and direct reciprocity. Together with altruism, the subjective norm, social responsibility, and indirect reciprocity positively influence the online prosocial behavior emitted by adolescents. Indirect reciprocity, the subjective norm and altruism also influence the feeling of receiving online prosocial behaviors from others. Knowing the extent to which adolescents hold prosocial beliefs and which of these beliefs may favor prosocial online behaviors can be beneficial when promoting such beliefs and fostering more positive online conduct, as well as lessening cyberbullying, online hate and any other manifestation of aggressive behavior online. • Social networks constitute a space for the socialization of prosocial behavior in adolescence. • Beliefs about altruism, social responsibility, and indirect reciprocity favor the emission of online prosocial behavior. • Beliefs about altruism and indirect reciprocity favor greater perception of receiving prosocial behaviors online. • The prosocial subjective norm favors both the emission and reception of online prosocial behaviors. • Direct reciprocity does not seem to influence the emission and reception of online prosocial behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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44. What parents know: Informing a wider landscape of support for trans and gender diverse children and adolescents.
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Townley, Cris and Henderson, Carlie
- Subjects
- *
INTELLECT , *GENDER-nonconforming people , *SOCIAL media , *EDUCATION , *HEALTH status indicators , *GENDER identity , *TRANSGENDER people , *TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) , *PSYCHOLOGY of parents , *SOCIAL support , *PRACTICAL politics , *CONSUMER activism , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILDREN - Abstract
• Parents of trans children hold a body of knowledge about supporting trans children. • Families interact with a wide range of services and agencies in their journey to affirm their children's gender. • Parent knowledge and advocacy extends far beyond the medicalised pathway. • Parent knowledge can be used to inform services and agencies to provide more integrated, affirming services. The childhood and adolescence of transgender and gender diverse children and young people (trans children) is contested in many areas, such as media, education, health, and increasingly in the political sphere. Parents and carers of trans children navigate services and societal relations in their journey to affirm their children, from happy childhood to trans adults. This paper reports on the accounts of parents of trans children in Australia. Semi-structured interviews with 18 parents of 15 trans children in four states were analysed to understand the journey holistically, and interactions with services and institutions on this journey. Children ranged in current age from 8 to 21 years, and were 2 to 16 years when they first expressed their trans identity. These journeys highlight moments of gender euphoria, and points of both positive and negative interactions with a range of services such as GPs, specialist healthcare, trans healthcare, schools, foster care, government records, and sporting environments. This research demonstrates that parents have a collective body of knowledge on supporting and affirming trans children that should be drawn on to inform child and youth services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. 'Known to services' or 'Known by professionals': Relationality at the core of trauma-informed responses to extra-familial harm.
- Author
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Firmin, Carlene, Langhoff, Kristine, Eyal-Lubling, Roni, Ana Maglajlic, Reima, and Lefevre, Michelle
- Subjects
- *
WOUND care , *RISK assessment , *CORPORATE culture , *MEDICAL quality control , *PATIENT safety , *MEDICAL care , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *EVALUATION of medical care , *SOCIAL case work , *PATIENT-professional relations , *SEMANTICS , *COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
• Trauma-informed practice is being trialled in response to extra-familial risks and harms. • An institutional ethnography found sources of knowledge impact this innovation. • Professionals may say young people are 'known-to-services' but be distant from them. • Being proximal to young people and advocating for their needs helps to know them. • To be trauma-informed, professionals must relationally know those they support. Efforts to shift from criminal justice to welfare-based responses to exploitation and other forms of extra-familial risks and harms, have centred relational approaches. In particular, the role that relationships between professionals and young people can play in providing a sense of safety as well as a route to wider support services when young people come to harm beyond their families is under consideration. In parallel, trauma-informed practice is increasingly promoted as a tool for creating service conditions in which relational practice can thrive. In this paper we present data from an institutional ethnography of two social care organisations in the UK which are endeavouring to adopt trauma-informed responses to extra-familial risks and harms. We use observation, focus group, and case file data collected in two time periods, to illustrate a relationship we identified between the nature and source of knowledge that guided professional responses, the ability of professionals to form relationships with young people affected by extra-familial risks and harms, and the capacity for their organisations to be trauma-informed. In doing so we trouble an established discourse in many social care organisations, that young people subject to intervention are 'known-to-services' and call for more responses in which young people are 'known-by-professionals' who are supporting them. Far from being a matter of semantics, we discuss how these two ways of knowing about young people, and the situations they face, potentially facilitate or undermine key pillars of trauma-informed practice, and the relational approaches that make such practice possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
46. The Menstrual Disorder of Teenagers (MDOT) Study No. 2: Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) Tool Validation in a Large Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of Australian Teenagers.
- Author
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Parker, M.A., Kent, A.L., Sneddon, A., Wang, J., and Shadbolt, B.
- Subjects
- *
AUSTRALIANS , *PAIN measurement , *MENSTRUATION disorders , *RECEIVER operating characteristic curves , *TEENAGERS , *VON Willebrand disease - Abstract
To validate the Period ImPact and Pain Assessment (PIPPA) self-screening tool for menstrual disturbance in teenagers. Cross-sectional study. Three senior high schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia. A total of 1066 girls between 15 and 19 years of age. A quantitative paper survey collected self-reports of menstrual bleeding patterns, typical and atypical symptoms, morbidities, and interference with daily activities. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to examine associations between PIPPA questions. Generalized linear models compared total score and subscores by validation criteria: pain, school absence, and body mass index (BMI). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the predictiveness of menstrual disturbance indicators by total PIPPA score. Reports of pain, interference, and concern within the PIPPA items and between both the MDOT and PIPPA questionnaires were significantly correlated (P <.0001). The indicator "missing school" was highly associated (P <.0001) with pain and interference. Obesity (BMI ≥30) was associated with higher PIPPA scores, as was underweight (BMI≤18.4). Where 0 = no disturbance, 5 = high disturbance, aggregated PIPPA scores found 75% scoring 0-2 (out of 5) and 25% scoring 3-5 (257/1037). High scores of 4 or 5 (out of 5) were 7% (72/1037) and 3.7% (38/1037), respectively. PIPPA is a valid screening tool for pain-related menstrual disturbance that affects functioning in young women. PIPPA subdomains of pain/interference have good validity relative to indicators of pain and interference and are responsive to age, BMI, and school absence differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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47. Psychopathologie des violences délinquantes à l'adolescence.
- Author
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Botbol, M.
- Abstract
Cet article a pour objectif de montrer l'intérêt des abords psychopathologiques pour évaluer et orienter les réponses pratiques aux violences délinquantes à l'adolescence. Après avoir évoqué les théories psychopathologiques, rendant compte de la place de l'agir en général et de la violence délinquante, en particulier, l'article montre l'importance d'inscrire ces théories dans une perspective différentielle qui permet de distinguer, au sein des violences délinquantes, celles qui ont pour principale fonction de provoquer la réponse d'autrui (les violences provocation), au travers d'un conflit d'autorité, et celles qui ont pour principale fonction de faire taire ou disparaître autrui (les violences destruction) au travers d'un conflit d'existence. Nous évoquerons, pour finir, les conséquences que cet abord psychopathologique différentiel peut avoir sur les pratiques soignantes et éducatives avec ces adolescents. The main objective of this paper is to show the usefulness of applying a psychopathological perspective to evaluate juvenile delinquents' violence and direct the treatment and education they should receive. After a brief description of the main psychopathological theories on the role of acting in general and delinquent violence in particular, we want to show the importance of taking a differential perspective to distinguish within violent juvenile delinquents those who aim mainly at provoking a response from the other through an authority-conflict, and those who aim mainly at silencing, invalidating or destroying the other through an existence-conflict. Finally, we will discuss the consequences of this differential psychopathological approach for the therapeutic and educative practices with these adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Looking for the origins of anorexia nervosa in adolescence - A new treatment approach.
- Author
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Matt Lacoste, S.
- Subjects
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ANOREXIA nervosa treatment , *WOMEN'S health , *AFFECTIVE disorders , *ANOREXIA nervosa , *MENTAL illness , *SEX crimes , *ADOLESCENCE , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder, which affects particularly adolescents. The media coverage of feminine thinness is demonstrated as a token of beauty, with diet as a tool to achieve this. However, diets are not enough to explain the numerous cases. This disease is the symptom of a psychological disorder and looking for the origin must coincide with psychotherapeutic treatment. Multifactorial explanations seem dominate within our female patients. For most female patients, family problems and past experience with sexual assault explain this transition to anorexia. It is demonstrated throughout this paper how and why anorexia nervosa is used as a tool for identification and personalization in the assumption of autonomy and independence, and how and why anorexia becomes a defensive response to aggression. We give a clinical confirmation of the diverse origins of anorexia nervosa and of the impact of sexual abuse. This paper proposes a new therapeutic approach to patients with anorexia nervosa, in which the eating disorder is a symptom of an emotional disorder, often triggered by sexual assault or emotional deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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49. Becoming a sexual being: The ‘elephant in the room’ of adolescent brain development.
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Suleiman, Ahna Ballonoff, Galván, Adriana, Harden, K. Paige, and Dahl, Ronald E.
- Abstract
The onset of adolescence is a time of profound changes in motivation, cognition, behavior, and social relationships. Existing neurodevelopmental models have integrated our current understanding of adolescent brain development; however, there has been surprisingly little focus on the importance of adolescence as a sensitive period for romantic and sexual development. As young people enter adolescence, one of their primary tasks is to gain knowledge and experience that will allow them to take on the social roles of adults, including engaging in romantic and sexual relationships. By reviewing the relevant human and animal neurodevelopmental literature, this paper highlights how we should move beyond thinking of puberty as simply a set of somatic changes that are critical for physical reproductive maturation. Rather, puberty also involves a set of neurobiological changes that are critical for the social, emotional, and cognitive maturation necessary for reproductive success . The primary goal of this paper is to broaden the research base and dialogue about adolescent romantic and sexual development, in hopes of advancing understanding of sex and romance as important developmental dimensions of health and well-being in adolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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50. Systematic Review: The State of Research Into Youth Helplines.
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Mathieu, Sharna L., Uddin, Riaz, Brady, Morgan, Batchelor, Samantha, Ross, Victoria, Spence, Susan H., Watling, David, and Kõlves, Kairi
- Subjects
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HELPLINES , *HELP-seeking behavior , *HOTLINES (Counseling) , *YOUTH services , *YOUTH health , *COUNSELING , *SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Objective: Helplines are generally a population-level resource for providing free, timely, easy-to-access, and anonymous counseling and/or information. Helplines have been developed and widely implemented for specific use by young people. The current study aimed to systematically review the literature to determine the status of research into the use of helplines among young people.Method: Following the PRISMA checklist, 5 electronic databases were searched using relevant terms for literature published until May 2020. The extracted studies were summarized with the intention of identifying key themes that highlighted common findings, key implications, and important gaps in understanding.Results: A total of 52 articles fitting study inclusion criteria were identified. Most studies were quantitative papers from the United States and Australia. The types of helpline interactions studied were a mixture of telephone-based and SMS/text-based interactions. Three major themes were identified: awareness of and engagement with helpline services, nature of problems faced by young people, and service-related factors. Subthemes were use and awareness, barriers to help seeking, psychosocial problems, suicidality, telephone- versus text-based interactions, counselor-caller interaction, and provision of services to historically and systemically marginalized groups.Conclusion: It appears that helplines may provide a beneficial service to youths, and that myriad psychosocial concerns provide the basis for calling. The literature is limited by a lack of controlled trials, on one hand, and complex methodological/ethical barriers preventing such trials, on the other hand. However, more research is needed before conclusions regarding effectiveness in youths can be made, particularly for services provided to systemically marginalized groups and using online text-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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