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Abstract: Recently increasing studies suggest that a comprehensive assessment of cropping practices impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at yield-scale will benefit cropping technique innovation and policy selection for higher-yield with less-emissions. In this paper, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of rice cropping practices on the global warming potential (GWP) of GHG emissions at yield-scale rather than area-scale in China. The results showed that the yield-scaled GWP of Chinese major rice cropping systems during rice growing season was in the order: double rice cropping system (1188.9kg CO2 equiv.Mg−1)>rice-upland crop rotation system (777.0kg CO2 equiv.Mg−1)>single rice cropping system (346.7kg CO2 equiv.Mg−1). Nitrogen fertilization (50–300kgNha−1) significantly increased rice yield with slight increments in the GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions, resulting in significant reductions in the yield-scaled GWP. The greatest reduction occurred at the application rate of 150–200kgNha−1 by 37% as compared to the non-fertilization control. For organic amendments, biogas residue application had no significant effect on the yield-scaled GWP, while manure application and straw recycling significantly increased the yield-scaled GWP by 54% and 154%, respectively. Intermittent irrigation significantly reduced yield-scaled GWP by 59% largely because of a significant reduction in CH4 emission and a significant increment in rice yield. No-tillage showed lower CH4 emission with similar rice yield in comparison with the conventional tillage, resulting in a reduction in yield-scaled GWP by 20%. These results indicate that there is a great potential to meet the new objective of higher-yield with less-GHG emissions through innovating rice cropping technique. More efforts should be paid on the field observations of GHG emissions during non-rice growing season, so as to perform a life-cycling assessment of GHG emissions from rice fields at yield scale under different cropping systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Since the Industrial Revolution, greenhouse gas emissions have caused global temperatures to rise gradually. The Paris Agreement aims to limit the global mean surface temperature increase to less than 2.0 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. China's land area accounts for ∼7% of the global land (65Ñ59S) area, and the arid area of China accounts for 12.41% of the total global arid area. Therefore, the degree of aridification/humidification in China is of great significance to climate change in China and the world. This paper evaluates the regional changes of drylands and humid lands in China based on the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C increase targets for global mean surface warming(GMSW). We find a suitable warming target for China's climate from the perspective of aridification. The results show the following: 1) If the global mean surface temperature rises by 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C above pre-industrial levels, the mean surface temperature in China will increase by 2.0 °C and 2.8 °C, respectively. 2) Under the two GMSW targets, the degree of drought in some extremely arid areas in China was projected to decrease, which means that these areas may gradually be suitable for human habitation. 3) Regardless of which global surface temperature target is maintained, the humid lands in China will bear greater risks from warming than the drylands. Under these circumstances, the 1.5 °Ctargetwill lead to better outcomes for China than the 2.0 °C target. • The degree of drought in some extremely arid areas in China has decreased under global warming targets. • Humid lands in China will bear greater warming risks than the dry lands. • Global warming limited within 1.5 °C target for will lead to better outcomes for China than the 2.0 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]