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Coke oven emissions (COEs), confirmed human carcinogens, are mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Telomere shortening in blood leukocytes has been associated with COEs, and polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes. However, the relationship between polymorphisms in telomere related genes and telomere shortening in COEs exposed workers has never been evaluated. Therefore, we measured telomere length and mRNA expression levels of telomere-binding proteins (TBPs) by qPCR method in leucocyte from 544 COEs exposed workers and 238 office staffs (referents). Flight mass spectrometry was used to perform the genotyping of selected functional and susceptible SNPs. The results showed that the telomere length in the exposure group 0.75(0.51,1.08) was significantly shorter than that in the control group 1.05(0.76,1.44) (P < 0.001). The mRNA expression levels of TPP1 , TERF1 and TERF2 genes in the exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), the mRNA expression level of POT1 in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). We used the wild homozygous genotype as a reference, subjects carrying TERT rs2736109 AA, TERT rs3215401 CC and TERT rs2736100 GT + GG genotypes had significantly longer telomere length in the exposure group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the workers exposed to COEs had shorter telomere length, which was regulated by the TPP1 , TERF1 , TERF2 and POT1 genes expression levels, and the gene polymorphisms of TERT gene were associated with the telomere length among PAHs-exposure workers. Image 1 • Workers exposed to COEs had shorter RTL, regulated by TPP1 , TERF1 , TERF2 and POT1 genes. • TERT gene polymorphisms were associated with the RTL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitochondria DNA was preferentially attacked by the exogenous carcinogens including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) relative to nuclear DNA, and nuclear gene variants may account for variability in the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). However, it remains unclear whether miRNA genetic variations are associated with mitochondrial DNA damage in the PAH-exposed workers. Therefore, we measured the leukocyte mtDNAcn, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPYR), environmental PAH exposure, and miRNA genetic polymorphisms among 544 coke oven workers and 238 healthy control participants. We found that the mtDNAcn in the exposure group (0.60 ± 0.29) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.03 ± 0.31) (t = 18.931, P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the peripheral blood leukocyte mtDNAcn had significantly negative correlations with the levels of 1-OHPYR and environmental PAH exposure (P < 0.001). Covariance analysis indicated that miR-210 rs11246190 AA, miR-210 rs7395206 CC, and miR-126 rs2297538 GG probably promoted a decrease in leukocyte mtDNAcn in the exposure or control groups (P < 0.05). In generalized linear model, miR-210 rs11246190 GG was a protective factor of mtDNAcn, and environmental PAH exposure was the risk factor of the mtDNAcn. In conclusion, the decrease of leukocyte mtDNAcn is the result of a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Image 1 • mtDNAcn decreased with environmental PAH exposure. • miR-210 rs11246190 GG was a protective factor of mtDNAcn. • The other 14 polymorphisms in miRNA had null effects on mtDNAcn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mtDNAcn in the PAHs-exposure group was lower than that in the control group. • Dose-response relationship between urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and mtDNA damage. • Dose-response relationship between urinary 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and mtDNA damage. • The biological exposure limit of 1-hydroxypyrene is 0.045 pg/μg creatinine. • The biological exposure limit of 3-hydroxyphenanthrene is 5.142 pg/μg creatinine. The aim was to explore the dose-response relationship between occupational polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and mitochondrial damage in coke oven plants workers. 544 workers and 238 healthy people were recruited. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the level of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene. The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). The benchmark dose software was used to analyze the benchmark dose. The mtDNAcn in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group. The concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene in the exposure group were higher than those in the control group. There is a dose-response relationship between 1-hydroxypyrene, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and mitochondrial DNA damage. The benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) of 1-hydroxypyrene were 0.045, 0.004, and 0.058 pg/μg creatinine in the total, male, and female population, respectively. The BMDL of 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were 5.142, 6.099, and 2.807 pg/μg creatinine in the total, male, and female population, respectively. The BMDL of 1-hydroxypyrene and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene initially explored can provide a reference to establish occupational exposure biological limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Telomeres play a major role in human aging and disease, especially in most cancers. Telomere length was shortened in workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and influenced by individual genetic variations in telomere-binding proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can affect the progress of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription; however, whether polymorphisms in miRNA can act on the telomere length is still unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships between telomere damage and genetic polymorphisms in miRNA or environmental exposure. A total of 544 coke oven workers and 238 healthy controls were recruited. After collecting peripheral blood and extracting the genomic DNA of the study subjects, the telomere length (TL) in their leucocytes was detected by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and polymorphisms in miRNAs were genotyped using the flight mass spectrometry technique. The concentrations of the four urine OH-PAHs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the Soxhlet extraction method was used to detect the concentration of coke oven emissions (COEs) in the air. We found that the peripheral blood leucocyte DNA TL was significantly shorter in the exposure group (0.75; 0.51, 1.08) than that in the control group (1.05; 0.76, 1.44) (Z = 7.692, P < 0.001). The total cumulative exposure dose (CED), 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, and 3-hydroxyphenanthrene were significantly negatively correlated with TL (r = −0.307, P < 0.001; r = −0.212, P < 0.001; r = −0.110, P = 0.025; r = −0.251, P < 0.001, respectively). MiR-145 rs353291 GG, miR-30a rs2222722 CT/CC, and miR-197 rs1889470 AA could protect the telomere end in the exposed workers (P < 0.05). The interaction between miR-197 rs1889470 and the CED had an effect on TL (β = 0.066, P = 0.034). This is the first study to evaluate gene–environmental interactions for miRNA polymorphisms and PAH exposure in coke oven workers. Unlabelled Image • Telomere length decreased with the internal and external exposure to PAHs. • Polymorphisms in rs353291, rs2222722, and rs1889470 affect the telomere in workers. • The interaction of miR-197 rs1889470 GG and exposure can promote telomere damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]