Search

Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the associations between specific BPD features on the risk of first onset MDD over 2 years and to investigate the roles of sex, baseline depression and anxiety in the associations.Methods: A longitudinal study of Chinese first-year university students aged between 15 and 24 years and who did not have a lifetime MDD (n = 7,627). Random effect logistic regression modeling was used to estimate the associations between specific BPD features, the number of BPD features, and the risk of MDD.Results: The feeling of emptiness (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.57, 2.92), paranoid/ dissociation (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.43, 2.82), affective instability (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.39) conferred significant risk of MDD. Baseline depression and anxiety interacted with unstable relationship, identity disturbance and paranoid/disassociation in relation to the risk of MDD. A higher number of BPD features is associated with an increased risk of MDD.Limitations: Data collection relied on self-report. Thus, recall and reporting biases are possible. Due to the pandemic public health restrictions, we had to change the method of data collection at second annual assessment, which resulted in a lower response rate (66.5%).Conclusions: Mental health professionals should pay attention to the presence of BPD features in youth and young adults, as they are at high risk of developing a MDD in a short time period, and the risk increases with the number of BDP features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstructing the vegetation history of east China during the last glacial–interglacial transition is crucial for understanding the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) evolution. Here, we present a new high-resolution pollen record from Chaohu Lake to determine the detailed process of regional lowland vegetation succession and its response to the EASM changes during the last glacial–Holocene transition (13.9–9.1 cal ka BP) in the lower Yangtze Valley, eastern China. During the Older Dryas (OD, 13.9–13.5 cal ka BP) period, regional forest-steppe indicative of co–dominance of Artemisia , Poaceae , and deciduous Quercus was present under a cool and dry climate. During the Allerød Interstadial (AI, 13.5–12.9 cal ka BP), significant arboreal expansions of deciduous Quercus , Hydrangea type and evergreen Quercus occurred, while herbs retreated significantly, presumably driven by the relatively warm, humid climate. Forest-steppe readvanced during the Younger Dryas (YD) interval, as indicated by increases in Poaceae and Artemisia , suggesting a cool and dry climate. During the early Holocene, extensive oak-pine forest flourished as regional vegetation, responding to pronounced climatic amelioration. Our pollen-based climatic record is closely correlated with stalagmites δ18O records from EASM region and Greenland ice cores δ18O records, indicating the teleconnection between EASM variation and North Atlantic climate during the last deglacial–early Holocene. However, our record indicates an intensified EASM during the early AI and a prolonged onset excursion during the YD, diverging from North Atlantic climate but closely correlated to sea surface temperature (SST) variations in the western tropical Pacific. • Pollen record reveals regional vegetation history during 13.9–9.1 cal ka BP. • Last deglacial open forest–steppe succeeded to early–Holocene dense oak forest. • Oak–pine forest expansion could be an indicator of transition from last glacial to the Holocene. • Shift from last deglacial cool–dry to Holocene warm–humid climate was driven by EASM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apple ring rot caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea is an important disease in most apple-growing regions in China. It results in severe losses during fruit storage. Induced resistance against plant pathogens is a promising alternative to traditional control strategies. In the present study, a potential biocontrol agent, Streptomyces rochei A-1, was evaluated for its induction of resistance against B. dothidea in postharvest apple fruit, and the defense mechanisms involved were investigated. The results indicated that S. rochei A-1 treatment could effectively induce the resistance of apple fruit to ring rot caused by B. dothidea . The lesion area and disease incidence were 65.4% and 27.1% lower than those of the control fruit after storage at 25 °C for 7 d. S. rochei A-1 treatment significantly increased the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and highly inhibited lipid peroxidation. β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities and H 2 O 2 generation were also markedly promoted by the biocontrol agent. Moreover, the expression levels of three pathogenesis-related proteins genes ( PR-8 , GLU and CHI ) were enhanced. The most significant increase was observed in apple fruit pretreated with S. rochei A-1 and inoculated with B. dothidea . Therefore, our results suggest that S. rochei A-1 treatment induces resistance against B. dothidea in apple fruit by stimulating a series of defense responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Pyrolysis of type II kerogens with and without oil expulsion was performed. [•] Generated gas and oil and residual solids in the pyrolysis were characterized. [•] Oil expulsion strongly impacts the amount and composition of oil and gas. [•] Oil expulsion causes residual solids, oil and gas to be more enriched in 13C. [•] Oil expulsion influences data pattern in genesis crossplots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hydrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of n-alkanes, as well as biomarkers in various types of oil from the Tarim Basin were analyzed. Data were used to discuss the occurrence and formation of marine oils from this old composite basin, of which we have limited understanding. First, hydrogen and carbon compositions of n-alkanes clearly classify the collected oils into two distinct groups, supporting the reported oil classifications based on biomarkers. Group I, the majority of oil samples, is characterized by relative enrichment in D and n-alkane δD values vary from −110‰ to −75‰. Group II includes two heavy oils and δD values of n-alkanes range from −145‰ to −142‰. Second, variations in the δ13C value of n-alkanes (2–3‰) show good correlations with the maturity indices, indicating that kinetic isotopic fractionation is one control on the δ13C value of n-alkanes in the maturation process. δD values of n-alkanes in most oils are also evidently influenced by the oil maturity. Finally, by combining the isotopic compositions with biomarkers of oils, two distinct oil mixing processes were recognized in the oils from the Tabei and Tazhong uplifts in this old composite basin. The former process is the mixing of oils from the same source at different maturity stages, while the latter involves the mixing of oils from distinct sources at different maturity stages. Biodegraded oils may contribute to the total oils, but their proportions are minor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Apple ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea , is one of the important diseases in China. This pathogen infects branches and fruit and also results in fruit decay during storage. Biocontrol agents have been proposed to reduce apple decays during storage and are considered as a promising alternative strategy to traditional chemical treatment. In this study, Meyerozyma guilliermondii Y-1, isolated from healthy grape fruit, was firstly evaluated for its biocontrol efficiency against B. dothidea in postharvest apple fruit, and the possible mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that M. guilliermondii Y-1 treatment effectively reduced apple ring rot caused by B. dothidea in vivo. The disease incidence and lesion diameter were reduced by 32.22% and 57.51% compared with those of control fruit. Furthermore, the use of filtrate and autoclaved culture of M. guilliermondii Y-1 also showed a certain degree of control efficiency against fruit ring rot. M. guilliermondii Y-1 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore generation of B. dothidea in vitro and exhibited an obvious ability to colonize in apple fruit wounds and surface at 25 °C or 4 °C. In addition, M. guilliermondii Y-1 treatment significantly enhanced the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), and polyphenoloxidase (PPO), promoted the total phenolics content, and alleviated lipid peroxidation in apple fruit. As expected, we found that the expression of four pathogenesis-related proteins genes (MdPR1 , MdPR5 , MdGLU , and MdCHI) was remarkably increased by M. guilliermondii Y-1 treatment. Our data together suggest that M. guilliermondii Y-1 is a potential biocontrol agent against B. dothidea postharvest infection in apple fruit, partially through inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination of B. dothidea , competing for space and nutrient with pathogen, and inducing resistance in apple fruit by stimulating a series of defense responses. • Meyerozyma guilliermondii Y-1 effectively controls apple ring rot caused by B. dothidea ; • M. guilliermondii Y-1 inhibits mycelial growth and spore generation of B. dothidea ; • M. guilliermondii Y-1 competes for space and nutrient with pathogen; • M. guilliermondii Y-1 promotes the activities of defensive enzymes and up-regulates pathogenesis-related genes expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]