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• Empowerment for service recovery in Sri Lankan hotels must be understood as multidimensional. • Human resource management in these hotels fosters job competence to address service failures. • Supervisors have greater job autonomy and impact and are rated more highly in service recovery. • Empowerment in these hotels is hierarchical: it is carefully stage-managed and 'staircased'. • Greater autonomy for service workers would help to enhance their job satisfaction. This study tests the argument that human resource management in hotels enhances service-recovery performance and job satisfaction through empowering front-line employees to respond to service failures. After an initial phase of qualitative interviewing, dyadic data were gathered through a large-scale survey in thirty hotels in Sri Lanka. The results of structural equation modelling show that the HR practices and management styles adopted in this context help to develop job competence, which is then related to service-recovery performance and job satisfaction. However, they show that service recovery is carefully stage-managed and 'staircased' in this hotel context with empowerment strongly related to hierarchical level. Empowerment to address service failures is important in these hotels but it is deliberately graduated according to rank. While employee training shows benefits for both parties, greater job autonomy would enhance the well-being of these service workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several methicillin resistance (SCCmec) clusters characteristic of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains harbor the psm-mec locus. In addition to encoding the cytolysin, phenol-soluble modulin (PSM)-mec, this locus has been attributed gene regulatory functions. Here we employed genome-wide transcriptional profiling to define the regulatory function of the psm-mec locus. The immune evasion factor protein A emerged as the primary conserved and strongly regulated target of psm-mec, an effect we show is mediated by the psm-mec RNA. Furthermore, the psm-mec locus exerted regulatory effects that were more moderate in extent. For example, expression of PSM-mec limited expression of mecA, thereby decreasing methicillin resistance. Our study shows that the psm-mec locus has a rare dual regulatory RNA and encoded cytolysin function. Furthermore, our findings reveal a specific mechanism underscoring the recently emerging concept that S. aureus strains balance pronounced virulence and high expression of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Phenol-soluble modulins are secreted staphylococcal peptides with an amphipathic α-helical structure. Some PSMs are strongly cytolytic toward human neutrophils and represent major virulence determinants during Staphylococcus aureus skin and blood infection. However, capacities of PSMs to lyse human erythrocytes have not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that many S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis PSMs lyse human erythrocytes. Furthermore, synergism with S. aureus β-toxin considerably increased the hemolytic capacities of several PSMs. This synergism may be of key importance in PSM and β-toxin-producing S. aureus or in mixed-strain or -species infections with PSM and β-toxin producers. Of specific interest, several PSMs, in particular PSMα peptides, contributed to a considerable extent to synergistic hemolysis with β-toxin or when using the β-toxin-producing strain RN4220 in CAMP assays. Thus, CAMP-type assays should not be used to detect or quantify S. aureus δ-toxin production, but may be used for an overall assessment of Agr functionality. Our study suggests an additional role of PSMs in staphylococcal pathogenesis and demonstrates that the repertoire of staphylococcal hemolysins is not limited to S. aureus and is much larger and diverse than previously thought. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) are causing an ongoing pandemic of mostly skin and soft tissue infections. The success of CA-MRSA as pathogens is due to a combination of antibiotic resistance with high virulence. In addition, it has been speculated that CA-MRSA strains such as the epidemic U.S. clone USA300 have increased capacity to colonize human epithelia, owing to bacteriocin-based bacterial interference. We here analyzed the molecular basis of antimicrobial activity detected in S. aureus strains, including those of the USA300 lineage. In contrast to a previous hypothesis, we found that this activity is not due to expression of a lantibiotic-type bacteriocin, but proteolytically processed derivatives of the phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides PSMα1 and PSMα2. Notably, processed PSMα1 and PSMα2 exhibited considerable activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, indicating a role of PSMs in the interference of S. aureus strains with the competing colonizing pathogen. Furthermore, by offering a competitive advantage during colonization of the human body, the characteristically high production of PSMs in USA300 and other CA-MRSA strains may thus contribute not only to virulence but also the exceptional capacity of those strains to sustainably spread in the population, which so far has remained poorly understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues that non-invariant items in cross-cultural studies may represent important sources of data relating to between-group differences. Conditions they may be legitimately included in cross-cultural comparisons; Proposal of a procedure that permits calculation of their contributions to observed cross-cultural differences; How groups may differ; Ways the proposed method offer to assess differences.

Novel cell therapies derived from human T lymphocytes are exhibiting enormous potential in early-phase clinical trials in patients with hematologic malignancies. Ex vivo modification o fT cells is currently limited to a small number of centers with the required infrastructure and expertise. The process requires isolation, activation, transduction, expansion and cryopreservation steps. To simplify procedures and widen applicability for clinical therapies, automation of these procedures is being developed. The CliniMACS Prodigy (Miltenyi Biotec) has recently been adapted for lentiviral transduction ofT cells and here we analyse the feasibility of a clinically compliant T-cell engineering process for the manufacture ofT cells encoding chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for CD 19 (CAR19), a widely targeted antigen in B-cell malignancies. Using a closed, single-use tubing set we processed mononuclear cells from fresh or frozen leukapheresis harvests collected from healthy volunteer donors. Cells were phenotyped and subjected to automated processing and activation using TransAct, a polymeric nanomatrix activation reagent incorporating CD3/CD28-specific antibodies. Cells were then transduced and expanded in the CentriCult-Unit of the tubing set, under stabilized culture conditions with automated feeding and media exchange. The process was continuously monitored to determine kinetics of expansion, transduction efficiency and phenotype of the engineered cells in comparison with small-scale transductions run in parallel. We found that transduction efficiencies, phenotype and function of CAR19T cells were comparable with existing procedures and overall T-cell yields sufficient for anticipated therapeutic dosing. The automation of closed-system T-cell engineering should improve dissemination of emerging immunotherapies and greatly widen applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper applies a system dynamics model for the sustainable land use and urban development in Hong Kong. The model is used to test the outcomes of development policy scenarios and make forecasts. It consists of five sub-systems including population, economy, housing, transport and urban/developed land, respectively. Two distinctively different development schemes concerning urban population density are simulated by the model and the findings are undertaken to verify the model through comparison with historical data and sensitivity check. The forecast timeframe is then expanded from 40 years to 300 years, providing a simulation period long enough to observe and study the “limits to growth” phenomenon and the impacts on development potential of Hong Kong. The modelling results are directly useful to compare different dynamic consequences brought by various policies and decisions, and are thus of great significance to achieving the goal of sustainable land use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Percutaneous vertebroplasty significantly improved pain, mobility and quality of life in cancer patients with bone metastases who failed radiation or with osteoporotic compression fractures. The serious complication is relatively rare. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]