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221 results on '"Cooper, J."'

2. SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination

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Baillie, J. Kenneth, Openshaw, Peter J.M., Semple, Malcolm G., Alex, Beatrice, Andrikopoulos, Petros, Bach, Benjamin, Barclay, Wendy S., Bogaert, Debby, Chand, Meera, Chechi, Kanta, Cooke, Graham S., da Silva Filipe, Ana, de Silva, Thushan, Docherty, Annemarie B., dos Santos Correia, Gonçalo, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Dunning, Jake, Fletcher, Tom, Green, Christopher A., Greenhalf, William, Griffin, Julian, Gupta, Rishi K., Harrison, Ewen M., Ho, Antonia Y.W., Holden, Karl, Horby, Peter W., Ijaz, Samreen, Khoo, Say, Klenerman, Paul, Law, Andrew, Lewis, Matthew, Liggi, Sonia, Lim, Wei Shen, Maslen, Lynn, Mentzer, Alexander J., Merson, Laura, Meynert, Alison M, Moore, Shona C., Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Olanipekun, Michael, Osagie, Anthonia, Palmarini, Massimo, Palmieri, Carlo, Paxton, William A., Pollakis, Georgios, Price, Nicholas, Rambaut, Andrew, Robertson, David L, Russell, Clark D., Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sands, Caroline, Scott, Janet T., Sigfrid, Louise, Solomon, Tom, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stuart, David, Summers, Charlotte, Swann, Olivia V., Takats, Zoltan, Takis, Panteleimon, Tedder, Richard S., Thompson, A.A. Roger, Thomson, Emma C., Thwaites, Ryan S., Turtle, Lance C.W., Zambon, Maria, Drake, Thomas M., Fairfield, Cameron J., Knight, Stephen R., Mclean, Kenneth A., Murphy, Derek, Norman, Lisa, Pius, Riinu, Shaw, Catherine A., Connor, Marie, Dalton, Jo, Gamble, Carrol, Girvan, Michelle, Halpin, Sophie, Harrison, Janet, Jackson, Clare, Lee, James, Marsh, Laura, Plotkin, Daniel, Roberts, Stephanie, Saviciute, Egle, Clohisey, Sara, Hendry, Ross, Knight, Susan, Lahnsteiner, Eva, Leeming, Gary, Norris, Lucy, Scott-Brown, James, Tait, Sarah, Wham, Murray, Clark, Richard, Coutts, Audrey, Donelly, Lorna, Fawkes, Angie, Gilchrist, Tammy, Hafezi, Katarzyna, MacGillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, McCafferty, Sarah, Morrice, Kirstie, Murphy, Lee, Wrobel, Nicola, Carson, Gail, Adeniji, Kayode, Agranoff, Daniel, Agwuh, Ken, Ail, Dhiraj, Aldera, Erin L., Alegria, Ana, Allen, Sam, Angus, Brian, Ashish, Abdul, Atkinson, Dougal, Bari, Shahedal, Barlow, Gavin, Barnass, Stella, Barrett, Nicholas, Bassford, Christopher, Basude, Sneha, Baxter, David, Beadsworth, Michael, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Berridge, John, Berry, Colin, Best, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Brittain-Long, Robin, Bulteel, Naomi, Burden, Tom, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Caruth, Vikki, Chadwick, David, Chambler, Duncan, Chee, Nigel, Child, Jenny, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Clark, Tom, Collini, Paul, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cupitt, Jason, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, Dark, Paul, Dawson, Chris, Dervisevic, Samir, Donnison, Phil, Douthwaite, Sam, Drummond, Andrew, DuRand, Ingrid, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, Dyer, Tristan, Evans, Cariad, Eziefula, Chi, Fegan, Chrisopher, Finn, Adam, Fullerton, Duncan, Garg, Sanjeev, Garg, Atul, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Godden, Jo, Goldsmith, Arthur, Graham, Clive, Grammatikopoulos, Tassos, Hardy, Elaine, Hartshorn, Stuart, Harvey, Daniel, Havalda, Peter, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Hobrok, Maria, Hodgson, Luke, Hormis, Anil, Howard, Joanne, Jacobs, Michael, Jain, Susan, Jennings, Paul, Kaliappan, Agilan, Kasipandian, Vidya, Kegg, Stephen, Kelsey, Michael, Kendall, Jason, Kerrison, Caroline, Kerslake, Ian, Koch, Oliver, Koduri, Gouri, Koshy, George, Laha, Shondipon, Laird, Steven, Larkin, Susan, Leiner, Tamas, Lillie, Patrick, Limb, James, Linnett, Vanessa, Little, Jeff, Lyttle, Mark, MacMahon, Michael, MacNaughton, Emily, Mankregod, Ravish, Masson, Huw, Matovu, Elijah, McCullough, Katherine, McEwen, Ruth, Meda, Manjula, Mills, Gary, Minton, Jane, Mohandas, Kavya, Mok, Quen, Moon, James, Moore, Elinoor, Morgan, Patrick, Morris, Craig, Mortimore, Katherine, Moses, Samuel, Mpenge, Mbiye, Mulla, Rohinton, Murphy, Michael, Nagarajan, Thapas, Nagel, Megan, Nelson, Mark, Norris, Lillian, O'Shea, Matthew K., Ostermann, Marlies, Otahal, Igor, Pais, Mark, Panchatsharam, Selva, Papakonstantinou, Danai, Papineni, Padmasayee, Paraiso, Hassan, Patel, Brij, Pattison, Natalie, Pepperell, Justin, Peters, Mark, Phull, Mandeep, Pintus, Stefania, Planche, Tim, Post, Frank, Price, David, Prout, Rachel, Rae, Nikolas, 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Motohashi, K., Msimanga, N., Mukaetova-Ladinska, E., Munawar, U., Murira, J., Nanda, U., Nassa, H., Nasseri, M., Neal, A., Needham, R., Neill, P., Neubauer, S., Newby, D.E., Newell, H., Newman, T., Newton-Cox, A., Nicholson, T., Nicoll, D., Nikolaidis, A., Nolan, C.M., Noonan, M.J., Norman, C., Novotny, P., Nunag, J., Nwafor, L., Nwanguma, U., Nyaboko, J., O'Brien, C., O'Donnell, K., O'Regan, D., O'Brien, L., Odell, N., Ogg, G., Olaosebikan, O., Oliver, C., Omar, Z., Openshaw, P.J.M., Orriss-Dib, L., Osborne, L., Osbourne, R., Ostermann, M., Overton, C., Owen, J., Oxton, J., Pack, J., Pacpaco, E., Paddick, S., Painter, S., Pakzad, A., Palmer, S., Papineni, P., Paques, K., Paradowski, K., Pareek, M., Parekh, D., Parfrey, H., Pariante, C., Parker, S., Parkes, M., Parmar, J., Patale, S., Patel, B., Patel, M., Patel, S., Pattenadk, D., Pavlides, M., Payne, S., Pearce, L., Pearl, J.E., Peckham, D., Pendlebury, J., Peng, Y., Pennington, C., Peralta, I., Perkins, E., Peterkin, Z., Peto, T., Petousi, N., Petrie, J., Pfeffer, P., Phipps, J., Pimm, J., Piper Hanley, K., Pius, R., Plant, H., Plein, S., Plekhanova, T., Plowright, M., Poinasamy, K., Polgar, O., Poll, L., Porter, J.C., Porter, J., Portukhay, S., Powell, N., Prabhu, A., Pratt, J., Price, A., Price, C., Price, D., Price, L., Prickett, A., Propescu, J., Prosper, S., Pugmire, S., Quaid, S., Quigley, J., Quint, J., Qureshi, H., Qureshi, I.N., Radhakrishnan, K., Rahman, N.M., Ralser, M., Raman, B., Ramos, A., Ramos, H., Rangeley, J., Rangelov, B., Ratcliffe, L., Ravencroft, P., Reddington, A., Reddy, R., Redfearn, H., Redwood, D., Reed, A., Rees, M., Rees, T., Regan, K., Reynolds, W., Ribeiro, C., Richards, A., Richardson, E., Richardson, M., Rivera-Ortega, P., Roberts, K., Robertson, E., Robinson, E., Robinson, L., Roche, L., Roddis, C., Rodger, J., Ross, A., Ross, G., Rossdale, J., Rostron, A., Rowe, A., Rowland, A., Rowland, J., Rowland, M.J., Rowland-Jones, S.L., Roy, K., Roy, M., Rudan, I., Russell, R., Russell, 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N., Steiner, M., Stensel, D., Stephens, G., Stephenson, L., Stern, M., Stewart, I., Stimpson, R., Stockdale, S., Stockley, J., Stoker, W., Stone, R., Storrar, W., Storrie, A., Storton, K., Stringer, E., Strong-Sheldrake, S., Stroud, N., Subbe, C., Sudlow, C.L., Suleiman, Z., Summers, C., Summersgill, C., Sutherland, D., Sykes, D.L., Sykes, R., Talbot, N., Tan, A.L., Tarusan, L., Tavoukjian, V., Taylor, A., Taylor, C., Taylor, J., Te, A., Tedd, H., Tee, C.J., Teixeira, J., Tench, H., Terry, S., Thackray-Nocera, S., Thaivalappil, F., Thamu, B., Thickett, D., Thomas, C., Thomas, D.C., Thomas, S., Thomas, A.K., Thomas-Woods, T., Thompson, T., Thompson, A.A.R., Thornton, T., Thorpe, M., Thwaites, R.S., Tilley, J., Tinker, N., Tiongson, G.F., Tobin, M., Tomlinson, J., Tong, C., Toshner, M., Touyz, R., Tripp, K.A., Tunnicliffe, E., Turnbull, A., Turner, E., Turner, S., Turner, V., Turner, K., Turney, S., Turtle, L., Turton, H., Ugoji, J., Ugwuoke, R., Upthegrove, R., Valabhji, J., Ventura, M., Vere, J., Vickers, C., Vinson, B., Wade, E., Wade, P., Wain, L.V., Wainwright, T., Wajero, L.O., Walder, S., Walker, S., Wall, E., Wallis, T., Walmsley, S., Walsh, J.A., Walsh, S., Warburton, L., Ward, T.J.C., Warwick, K., Wassall, H., Waterson, S., Watson, E., Watson, L., Watson, J., Weir McCall, J., Welch, C., Welch, H., Welsh, B., Wessely, S., West, S., Weston, H., Wheeler, H., White, S., Whitehead, V., Whitney, J., Whittaker, S., Whittam, B., Whitworth, V., Wight, A., Wild, J., Wilkins, M., Wilkinson, D., Williams, B., Williams, N., Williams, J., Williams-Howard, S.A., Willicombe, M., Willis, G., Willoughby, J., Wilson, A., Wilson, D., Wilson, I., Window, N., Witham, M., Wolf-Roberts, R., Wood, C., Woodhead, F., Woods, J., Wootton, D.G., Wormleighton, J., Worsley, J., Wraith, D., Wrey Brown, C., Wright, C., Wright, L., Wright, S., Wyles, J., Wynter, I., Xu, M., Yasmin, N., Yasmin, S., Yates, T., Yip, K.P., Young, B., Young, S., Young, A., Yousuf, A.J., Zawia, A., Zeidan, L., Zhao, B., Zheng, B., Zongo, O., Liew, Felicity, Talwar, Shubha, Cross, Andy, Willett, Brian J., Scott, Sam, Logan, Nicola, Siggins, Matthew K., Swieboda, Dawid, Sidhu, Jasmin K., Efstathiou, Claudia, Davis, Chris, Mohamed, Noura, Nunag, Jose, King, Clara, Rowland-Jones, Sarah L., Chalmers, James D., Ho, Ling-Pei, Horsley, Alexander, Raman, Betty, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Marks, Michael, Kon, Onn Min, Howard, Luke, Wootton, Daniel G., Dunachie, Susanna, Quint, Jennifer K., Evans, Rachael A., Wain, Louise V., Fontanella, Sara, de Silva, Thushan I., Ho, Antonia, Harrison, Ewen, Brightling, Christopher, and Turtle, Lance

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2023
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6. The instrument suite of the European Spallation Source

Author

Andersen, K.H., Argyriou, D.N, Jackson, A.J., Houston, J., Henry, P.F., Deen, P.P., Toft-Petersen, R., Beran, P., Strobl, M., Arnold, T., Wacklin-Knecht, H., Tsapatsaris, N., Oksanen, E., Woracek, R., Schweika, W., Mannix, D., Hiess, A., Kennedy, S., Kirstein, O., Petersson Årsköld, S., Taylor, J., Hagen, M.E., Laszlo, G., Kanaki, K., Piscitelli, F., Khaplanov, A., Stefanescu, I., Kittelmann, Th., Pfeiffer, D., Hall-Wilton, R., Lopez, C.I., Aprigliano, G., Whitelegg, L., Moreira, F.Y., Olsson, M., Bordallo, H.N., Martín-Rodríguez, D., Schneider, H., Sharp, M., Hartl, M., Nagy, G., Ansell, S., Pullen, S., Vickery, A., Fedrigo, A., Mezei, F., Arai, M., Heenan, R.K., Halcrow, W., Turner, D., Raspino, D., Orszulik, A., Cooper, J., Webb, N., Galsworthy, P., Nightingale, J., Langridge, S., Elmer, J., Frielinghaus, H., Hanslik, R., Gussen, A., Jaksch, S., Engels, R., Kozielewski, T., Butterweck, S., Feygenson, M., Harbott, P., Poqué, A., Schwaab, A., Lieutenant, K., Violini, N., Voigt, J., Brückel, T., Koenen, M., Kämmerling, H., Babcock, E., Salhi, Z., Wischnewski, A., Heynen, A., Désert, S., Jestin, J., Porcher, F., Fabrèges, X., Fabrèges, G., Annighöfer, B., Klimko, S., Dupont, Th., Robillard, Th., Goukassov, A., Longeville, S., Alba-Simionesco, Ch., Bourges, Ph., Guyon Le Bouffy, J., Lavie, P., Rodrigues, S., Calzada, E., Lerche, M., Schillinger, B., Schmakat, Ph., Schulz, M., Seifert, M., Lohstroh, W., Petry, W., Neuhaus, J., Loaiza, L., Tartaglione, A., Glavic, A., Schütz, S., Stahn, J., Lehmann, E., Morgano, M., Schefer, J., Filges, U., Klauser, Ch., Niedermayer, Ch., Fenske, J., Nowak, G., Rouijaa, M., Siemers, D.J., Kiehn, R., Müller, M., Carlsen, H., Udby, L., Lefmann, K., Birk, J.O., Holm-Dahlin, S., Bertelsen, M., Hansen, U. Bengaard, Olsen, M.A., Christensen, M., Iversen, K., Christensen, N.B., Rønnow, H.M., Freeman, P.G., Hauback, B.C., Kolevatov, R., Llamas-Jansa, I., Orecchini, A., Sacchetti, F., Petrillo, C., Paciaroni, A., Tozzi, P., Zanatta, M., Luna, P., Herranz, I., del Moral, O.G., Huerta, M., Magán, M., Mosconi, M., Abad, E., Aguilar, J., Stepanyan, S., Bakedano, G., Vivanco, R., Bustinduy, I., Sordo, F., Martínez, J.L., Lechner, R.E., Villacorta, F.J., Šaroun, J., Lukáš, P., Markó, M., Zanetti, M., Bellissima, S., del Rosso, L., Masi, F., Bovo, C., Chowdhury, M., De Bonis, A., Di Fresco, L., Scatigno, C., Parker, S.F., Fernandez-Alonso, F., Colognesi, D., Senesi, R., Andreani, C., Gorini, G., Scionti, G., and Schreyer, A.

Published
2020
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11. Single-molecule dynamics of DNA gyrase in evolutionarily distant bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli.

Author

Galvin, Cooper J., Hobson, Matthew, Xianglong Meng, Jonathan, Ierokomos, Athena, Ivanov, Ivan E., Berger, James M., and Bryant, Zev

Subjects
*DNA topoisomerase II, *ESCHERICHIA coli, *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, *BACTERIA, *ANTIBIOTICS, *SPECIES
Abstract

DNA gyrase is an essential nucleoprotein motor present in all bacteria and is a major target for antibiotic treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Gyrase hydrolyzes ATP to add negative supercoils to DNA using a strand passage mechanism that has been investigated using biophysical and biochemical approaches. To analyze the dynamics of substeps leading to strand passage, single-molecule rotor bead tracking (RBT) has been used previously to follow real-time supercoiling and conformational transitions in Escherichia coli (EC) gyrase. However, RBT has not yet been applied to gyrase from other pathogenically relevant bacteria, and it is not known whether substeps are conserved across evolutionarily distant species. Here, we compare gyrase supercoiling dynamics between two evolutionarily distant bacterial species, MTB and EC. We used RBT to measure supercoiling rates, processivities, and the geometries and transition kinetics of conformational states of purified gyrase proteins in complex with DNA. Our results show that E. coli and MTB gyrases are both processive, with the MTB enzyme displaying velocities ~5.5× slower than the EC enzyme. Compared with EC gyrase, MTB gyrase also more readily populates an intermediate state with DNA chirally wrapped around the enzyme, in both the presence and absence of ATP. Our substep measurements reveal common features in conformational states of EC and MTB gyrases interacting with DNA but also suggest differences in populations and transition rates that may reflect distinct cellular needs between these two species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Filtration performance of three models of N95 filtering facepiece respirators following clinical usage and vaporized hydrogen peroxide decontamination.

Author

Cooper, J., Csapó, A., Ranasinghe, R., Jeronimo, M., Brockington-Tyhy, T., Alawfi, S., and Wong, T.

Abstract

Background: N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) are essential personal protective equipment (PPE) for protecting healthcare workers from airborne pathogens.Aim: To perform the first large-scale evaluation of particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) of three models of N95 FFRs following clinical usage and vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) decontamination.Methods: Three variables were assessed for effect on PFE following VHP decontamination: VHP sterilizer model, N95 respirator model, and prior N95 clinical usage.Findings: The VHP sterilizer model and N95 FFR model impacted PFE performance. Worn N95 FFRs had a 91% lower odds of exhibiting ≥95% PFE compared with the control.Conclusion: This work highlights the importance of validating any N95 FFR decontamination programme in its entirety, including prior clinical usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Interbasin leaking through Agulhas current filaments

Author

Lutjeharms, J.R.E. and Cooper, J.

Subjects
Atlantic Ocean -- Environmental aspects, Infrared imaging -- Usage, Salinity -- Analysis, Ocean currents -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

The Agulhas filaments derived from the Agulhas current are responsible for around 15% of the total interbasin salt flux produced by the current. Satellite infrared images of the southeast Atlantic Ocean reveal that the Agulhas filaments are present west of the Agulhas Bank around 56% of the time. Each filament lasts for 3 to 4 weeks and six to seven filaments are formed annually. The excess heat in joules in the filaments varies in the range 0.7-6.9 times 10 to the nineteenth power. The salt flux determined by two different methods gives two different values.

Published
1996

28. Evaluation of a new sink design incorporating ozonated water.

Author

Cooper, J, Himaras, Y, Wong, T, and Bryce, E

Abstract

Background: Novel sink and U-trap designs have been developed to reduce contamination by users and diminish biofilm. Real-world experience with new sink designs and adjunctive measures such as ozone has been limited.Aims: To assess a new sink design for splashback and to evaluate the ozonated water feature for reduction of microbial bioburden.Methods: A portable sink unit was created that permitted the application of white absorbent paper to plexiglass shields beside and behind the sink. Participants, wearing painter coveralls and masks, spread 30 mL of tempera paint over their hands and washed for 20 s with neutral soap. Each participant repeated this five times sequentially, and cumulative results were recorded. Escherichia coli was exposed to ozonated water from the sink unit and to regular tap water and evaluated for microbial survival.Findings: Compared with a conventional sink, the SmartFLO3 sink had less environmental contamination within the sink, surrounding area and splashback on to the participant. Despite modifications to enhance ozone generation, readings of reactive oxygen species did not exceed 0.3 ppm, and no significant bactericidal effect was demonstrated.Conclusions: The SmartFLO3 sink reduces splashback and has the potential to reduce pathogen transmission from sinks. At the low levels of ozone generated in this study, no clear bacterial killing effect was observed compared with tap water alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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32. COVID-19 preventive measures showing an unintended decline in infectious diseases in Taiwan.

Author

Galvin, Cooper J., Li, Yu-Chuan (Jack), Malwade, Shwetambara, and Syed-Abdul, Shabbir

Subjects
*COMMUNICABLE diseases, *COVID-19, *COVID-19 pandemic, *SOCIAL distancing, *MEDICAL masks
Abstract

• A pandemic situation may increase public awareness to take necessary precautions. • The Taiwan government encouraged the use of face masks and sanitizer, as well as social distancing as a part of prevention during the COVID-19 outbreak. • This response may have contributed to a decline in other infectious diseases. Most of the communicable diseases have contact, airborne and/or droplet mode of transsmission. Following the outbreak of COVID-19, the Taiwan government implemented the use of masks and sanitizer, as well as other preventive measures like social distancing for prevention. This public response likely contributed significantly to the decline in the outbreak of other infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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33. Why coastal regulations fail.

Author

Neal, William J., Pilkey, Orrin H., Cooper, J. Andrew G., and Longo, Norma J.

Subjects
DECISION making, WETLAND mitigation, POLITICAL stability, COASTS
Abstract

This perspective examines case examples, primarily from the U. S. Carolinas and Alabama, that illustrate some of the flaws of four federal programs of the last 50 years (National Flood Insurance Program, U. S. Coastal Barrier Resources Act, Coastal Area Management Act, Stafford Disaster Relief Act), as well as general reasons for state and local regulation failures. The latter include: variances that undercut the regulatory intent by the tyranny of small decisions, emergency dispensations, and compensatory mitigation; allowances for ‘temporary’ shore-hardening structures that become permanent; establishing control lines that are not adjusted to shifting shorelines; over-simplifying (one-size-fits-all) and misapplying (importing inappropriate strategies) regulations; conflicting jurisdictional boundaries; and the political instability of regulatory laws. Political-legislative realm failures include: 1) generalized laws do not match the complexity of coasts; 2) legislators lack the foresight to provide funding for regulatory monitoring/enforcement/penalties; 3) legislative bodies lack continuity of visions or goals for the future (e.g., overturn or weaken prior regulatory legislation); and 4) politicians are subject to conflicts of interest (e.g., affluent coastal land owners; pro-development lobbies). The political-legislative disconnect from the reality of Nature, and failure to use longer-term projections of erosion rates, sediment supply, and effects of sea-level rise, are the most frequent culprits in regulatory failure. New starting points for sound regulatory coastal management are better-informed politicians with the will to enact laws based on science that reflect natural variability, and laws that are unflawed by variances or over simplification. Regulations need to have continuity, proper funding, and enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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34. OUTCOMES THROUGH 5-YEARS AFTER LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY

Author

Yusen, Roger D., Pohl, M S., Biggar, D G., Davis, G E., Lefrak, S S., and Cooper, J D.

Subjects
Lungs -- Surgery, Outcome and process assessment (Health Care) -- Analysis, Surgery -- Analysis, Health, Analysis
Abstract

Purpose: To describe subjective health status and survival after bilateral lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Methods: Prospective data collection from 192 of our first 200 LVRS patients through 1/1/99; 8 [...]

Published
1999

35. OUTCOMES IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS WITH COPD UNDERGOING LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY

Author

Biggar, Dorothy G., Cooper, J D., Mercer, B C., Patterson, G A., Lefrak, S S., and Pohl, M S.

Subjects
Outcome and process assessment (Health Care) -- Analysis, Lung diseases, Obstructive -- Analysis, Surgery -- Analysis, Health, Analysis
Abstract

Purpose: To determine outcomes: [six minute walk(6MW),pulmonary function (FEV1, FEV%), gas exchange (pCO2, pO2) and survival] following lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) in patient with COPD considered to be high [...]

Published
1999

39. Seismic architecture, stratigraphy and evolution of a subtropical marine embayment: Maputo Bay, Mozambique.

Author

Green, Andrew N., Cooper, J. Andrew G., Wiles, Errol A., and De Lecea, Ander M.

Subjects
*SUBMARINE geology, *STRATIGRAPHIC geology, *HURRICANES, *BEACHROCK, *GLACIAL melting
Abstract

The seismic stratigraphy, architecture and evolution of a large subtropical embayment, Maputo Bay, Southern Mozambique is described. Nine seismic units are documented; and show repeated phases of incised valley formation and transgressive infilling. Trangressive infilling alternates between the classic wave-dominated transgressive succession of fluvial and central estuarine bay deposits and the filling by intertidal flat and tidal bedforms developed during stages of inlet restriction and shallowing associated with barrier growth at stillstand intervals. Imprinted on the succession are several key facets of subtropical stratigraphy, hurricane-generated erosional surfaces and beachrock horizons. The upper stratigraphy comprises the highstand bayhead delta, a prograding feature constructed by several flood events. In comparison with literature from other similar systems such as lagoons, coastal lakes and estuaries, a generic three stage stratigraphic model of large marine embayments is proposed that includes incision during glaciations; transgressive infilling during deglaciations; and shallowing during the stillstand episodes of the recent deglaciation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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42. Quantifying community's functional awareness of coastal changes and hazards from citizen perception analysis in Canada, UK and Spain.

Author

Boyer-Villemaire, Ursule, Bernatchez, Pascal, Benavente, Javier, and Cooper, J. Andrew G.

Subjects
HAZARD mitigation, ENVIRONMENTAL management, COAST changes, MULTIVARIATE analysis, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors
Abstract

Abstract: A community's adaptive capacity in relation to a rapidly changing coastline is strongly related to the perception of environmental risks. Such perceptions are, however, not well understood at the level of communities and have seldom been compared from one country to another. A framework for natural hazard perception is presented using the concept of functional awareness. This level of consciousness sufficient to influence behaviour is represented by a set of indicators that reflect the perception 1) of dreadfulness, 2) of uncertainty and 3) behavioural change. We conducted a survey (n = 125) in three communities exposed to coastal erosion and coastal flooding in Avignon (Quebec), Kilkeel (Northern Ireland) and Chipiona (Andalucia) to measure three themes: 1) the citizen's general knowledge about coastal change, 2) the perception of coastal changes in their community compared to that reported in the scientific literature and 3) their preferences for adaptation solutions. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the main socio-demographical descriptors. The main factors that influence perception were the site characteristics, the cultural experience of the coast, educational level, and duration in the community. Accounting for all three communities, the functional awareness scores exposed that the weakest ability lays in the fragmentation of preferences towards potential solutions. For Kilkeel and Chipiona, this was related to the difficulty of accurately identifying the environmental hazard trends and a lower degree of personal experience of coastline change. In Avignon, which is more functionally aware, partly thanks to targeted education & information and repeated experiences of hazards, the fragmentation of solution preferences would rather be related to inner community variation. Robustly used in these three countries, the functional awareness framework helped identify each community perception breaks and could be used to identify activities to strengthen community adaptive capacity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2014
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43. Mesoscale geomorphic change on low energy barrier islands in Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A.

Author

Cooper, J. Andrew G.

Subjects
*GEOMORPHOLOGY, *MESOSCALE eddies, *ACTIVATION energy, *HURRICANES
Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of decadal (mesoscale) geomorphic change on sandy barrier islands in the fetch-limited environment of Chesapeake Bay. Low energy barrier islands exist in two settings: on the fringe of marshes and in open water and this analysis shows the various types of barrier island to be genetically related. Barrier islands that face the dominant wind and wave direction (E or W) retreat via barrier translation, preserving the barrier island volume. Those that exist in re-entrants are dominated by longshore transport processes, are strongly affected by sediment supply and are subject to disintegration. Marsh fringe barrier islands are perched on or draped over the surface of the underlying marsh. They migrate landwards via barrier translation during periodic high water events accompanied by large waves (hurricanes and northeasters). The underlying marsh surface erodes under all water levels and the rate of retreat of the barrier island and underlying marsh may take place at different rates, leading to various configurations from perched barrier islands several metres landward of the marsh edge, to barrier islands that have a sandy shoreface extending into the subtidal zone. The coastal configuration during landward retreat of marsh fringe barrier islands is subject to strong local control exerted by the underyling marsh topography. As erosion of marsh promontories occurs and marsh creeks are intersected and bypassed, the configuration is subject to rapid change. Periodic sediment influxes cause spits to develop at re-entrants in the marsh. The spits are initiated as extensions of adjacent marsh fringe barrier islands, but as the sediment volume is finite, the initial drift-aligned spits become sediment-starved and begin to develop a series of swash-aligned cells as they strive for morphodynamic equilibrium. The individual cells are stretched until breaches form in the barrier islands, creating inlets with tidal deltas. At this stage the low energy barrier islands closely resemble open ocean barrier islands. Continued reworking leads to widening of the inlets with consequent loss of constriction of tidal flow. The tidal deltas are, thus, no longer maintained and ultimately the island system disintegrates through inlet widening and is transformed to subtidal shoals. Barrier islands at various stages in this evolutionary cycle can be observed around the bay. Mid-bay barrier islands are affected by wave processes from both sides. This helps maintain the barrier island form and enables barrier islands to persist as sediment is exchanged between both sides of the island. Rates of barrier island translation are extremely high (up to 30m/year over a 12year period). This is attributed to the low volume of sand, which facilitates complete rollover in short periods. Accelerated sea level rise is likely to hasten the translation rates of marsh fringe barrier islands. The rapid disintegration of most spits compared to the persistence of marsh fringe barrier islands points to a reliance on the marsh as a stabilising point. If the marshes are overstepped by rising sea level as appears to be happening, the complete disintegration of the barrier islands is highly likely. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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46. Qualitative interviewing with vulnerable populations: individuals' experiences of participating in suicide and self-harm based research.

Author

Biddle L, Cooper J, Owen-Smith A, Klineberg E, Bennewith O, Hawton K, Kapur N, Donovan J, Gunnell D, Biddle, Lucy, Cooper, Jayne, Owen-Smith, Amanda, Klineberg, Emily, Bennewith, Olive, Hawton, Keith, Kapur, Nav, Donovan, Jenny, and Gunnell, David

Abstract

Background: Concern exists that involving vulnerable individuals as participants in research into suicide and self-harm may cause distress and increase suicidal feelings. Actual understanding of participants' experiences is however limited, especially in relation to in-depth qualitative research.Methods: Data were collected from four separate studies focused on self-harm or suicide. These included people with varying levels of past distress, including some who had made nearly lethal suicide attempts. Each involved semi-structured qualitative interviewing. Participants (n=63) were asked to complete a visual analogue scale measuring current emotional state before and after their interview and then comment on how they had experienced the interview, reflecting on any score change.Results: Most participants experienced a change in well-being. Between 50% and 70% across studies reported improvement, many describing the cathartic value of talking. A much smaller group in each study (18-27%) reported lowering of mood as they were reminded of difficult times or forced to focus on current issues. However, most anticipated that their distress would be transient and it was outweighed by a desire to contribute to research. An increase in distress did not therefore necessarily indicate a negative experience.Limitations: There was no follow-up so the long-term effects of participation are unknown. Scores and post interview reflections were collected from participants by the researcher who had conducted the interview, which may have inhibited reporting of negative effects.Conclusions: These findings suggest individuals are more likely to derive benefit from participation than experience harm. Overprotective gate-keeping could prevent some individuals from gaining these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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47. Association between the rs1050450 glutathione peroxidase-1 (C > T) gene variant and peripheral neuropathy in two independent samples of subjects with diabetes mellitus.

Author

Tang TS, Prior SL, Li KW, Ireland HA, Bain SC, Hurel SJ, Cooper JA, Humphries SE, Stephens JW, Tang, T S, Prior, S L, Li, K W, Ireland, H A, Bain, S C, Hurel, S J, Cooper, J A, Humphries, S E, and Stephens, J W

Abstract

Glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) is an endogenous anti-oxidant enzyme. The T allele of the GPx-1 rs1050450 (C > T) gene variant is associated with reduced enzyme activity. Our aim was to examine the association between this gene variant and peripheral neuropathy in two cross-sectional samples of subjects with diabetes: (i) 773 Caucasian subjects were genotyped from the UCL Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease Study (UDACS) and (ii) 382 Caucasian subjects from the Ealing Diabetes Study (EDS). Peripheral neuropathy status (and oxidised-LDL [Ox-LDL:LDL] and plasma Total Ant-ioxidant Status [TAOS] in UDACS), were analysed in relation to genotype. We observed that: (i) In UDACS, the odds ratio (OR) for peripheral neuropathy in the T allele carriers compared to the CC genotype was 1.61 [1.10-2.28], p = 0.01. This remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. Ox-LDL:LDL ratio was significantly elevated in T allele carriers (CC vs. CT/TT: 16.3 ± 2.4 v 18.0 ± 2.9 U/mmol LDL, p = 0.02). (ii) In EDS, the OR for peripheral neuropathy in the T allele carriers compared to the CC genotype was 1.95 [1.11-3.42], p = 0.02. This remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. In conclusion, we observed a significant association between the T allele and peripheral neuropathy and LDL oxidation. This is the first paper to examine the rs1050450 variant in two samples of Caucasian subjects with diabetes. Prospective analysis of the gene variant is required in diabetic and healthy cohorts with measured plasma markers of oxidative stress to investigate the described association further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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48. Reversal of outflow tract ventricular premature depolarization-induced cardiomyopathy with ablation: effect of residual arrhythmia burden and preexisting cardiomyopathy on outcome.

Author

Mountantonakis SE, Frankel DS, Gerstenfeld EP, Dixit S, Lin D, Hutchinson MD, Riley M, Bala R, Cooper J, Callans D, Garcia F, Zado ES, Marchlinski FE, Mountantonakis, Stavros E, Frankel, David S, Gerstenfeld, Edward P, Dixit, Sanjay, Lin, David, Hutchinson, Mathew D, and Riley, Michael

Abstract

Background: Outflow tract ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) can be associated with reversible left ventricular cardiomyopathy (LVCM). Limited data exist regarding the outcome after ablation of outflow tract VPDs from the LV and the impact of residual VPDs or preexisting LVCM prior to the diagnosis of VPDs on recovery of LV function.Objective: To examine the safety, efficacy, and long-term effect of radiofrequency ablation on LV function in patients with LVCM and frequent outflow tract VPDs and examine the effect of ablation in patients with LVCM known to precede the onset of VPDs and the impact of residual VPD frequency on recovery of LV function.Methods: Sixty-nine patients (43 men; age 51 ± 16 years) with nonischemic LVCM (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 35% ± 9%, left ventricular diastolic diameter [LVDD] 5.8 ± 0.7 cm) were referred for ablation of frequent outflow tract VPDs (29% ± 13%).Results: VPDs originated in the right ventricular outflow tract in 27 (39%) patients and the left ventricular outflow tract in 42 (61%) patients. After follow-up of 11 ± 6 months, 44 (66%) patients had rare (<2%) VPDs, 15 (22%) had decreased VPD burden (>80% reduction and always <5000 VPDs), and 8 (12%) had no clinical improvement with persistent (5 patients) or recurrent (3 patients) VPDs. Only patients with either rare or decreased VPD burden had a significant improvement in LVEF (ΔLVEF 14% ± 9% vs 13% ± 7% vs -3% ± 6%, respectively, P <.001) and LVDD (ΔLVDD -4 ± 5 vs -2 ± 4 vs 0 ± 4, respectively, P = .038), regardless of chamber of origin. The magnitude of LVEF improvement correlated with the decline in residual VPD burden (r = 0.475, P = .007). Patients with preexisting LVCM had a more modest but still significant improvement in LV function compared to patients without preexisting LVCM (ΔLVEF 8% vs 13%, P = .046). Multivariate analysis revealed ablation outcome, higher LVEF, and absence of preexisting LVCM were independently associated with LVEF improvement.Conclusion: Frequent outflow tract VPDs are associated with LVCM regardless of ventricle of origin. Significant (>80%) reduction in VPD burden has comparable improvement in LV function to complete VPD elimination. Successful VPD ablation may be beneficial even in patients with preexisting LVCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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49. Experimental Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: Detection of PrPSc in the Small Intestine Relative to Exposure Dose and Age.

Author

Stack, M.J., Moore, S.J., Vidal-Diez, A., Arnold, M.E., Jones, E.M., Spencer, Y.I., Webb, P., Spiropoulos, J., Powell, L., Bellerby, P., Thurston, L., Cooper, J., Chaplin, M.J., Davis, L.A., Everitt, S., Focosi-Snyman, R., Hawkins, S.A.C., Simmons, M.M., and Wells, G.A.H.

Subjects
BOVINE spongiform encephalopathy prevention, AGE factors in disease, GOVERNMENT regulation, TISSUES, JEJUNUM, DUODENUM, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, VIRUS diseases in cattle, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Summary: European regulations for the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) decree destruction of the intestines from slaughtered cattle, therefore producers have been obliged to import beef casings from countries with a negligible BSE risk. This study applies immunohistochemical and biochemical approaches to investigate the occurrence and distribution of disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of cattle orally exposed to a 1g or 100g dose of a titrated BSE brainstem homogenate. Samples were derived from animals at various times post exposure. Lymphoid follicles were counted and the frequency of affected follicles recorded. No PrPSc was detected in the duodenum or jejunum of animals exposed to a 1g dose or in the duodenum of animals receiving a 100g dose. PrPSc was detected in the lymphoid tissue of the ileum of 1/98 (1.0%) animals receiving the 1g dose and in the jejunum and ileum of 8/58 (13.8%) and 45/99 (45.5%), respectively, of animals receiving the 100g dose. The frequency of PrPSc- positive follicles was less than 1.5% per case and biochemical tests appeared less sensitive than immunohistochemistry. The probability of detecting lymphoid follicles in the ileum declined with age and for the 100g exposure the proportion of positive follicles increased, while the proportion of positive animals decreased with age. Detection of PrPSc in intestinal neural tissue was rare. The results suggest that the jejunum and duodenum of BSE-infected cattle contain considerably less BSE infectivity than the ileum, irrespective of exposure dose. In animals receiving the low exposure dose, as in most natural cases of BSE, the rarity of PrPSc detection compared with high-dose exposure, suggests a very low BSE risk from food products containing the jejunum and duodenum of cattle slaughtered for human consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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50. Blue Flag or Red Herring: Do beach awards encourage the public to visit beaches?

Author

McKenna, John, Williams, Allan T., and Cooper, J. Andrew G.

Subjects
BEACHES, SURVEYS, TOURISM, PSYCHOLOGY of tourists, MOTIVATION (Psychology), AWARDS, WATER quality, HYGIENE
Abstract

Abstract: Surveys of beach visitor motivation in Ireland, Wales, Turkey and the USA indicate that beach awards play an insignificant role in motivation to visit beaches. However, a number of criteria closely identified with awards, notably cleanliness and water quality, are revealed to be very important. Aesthetic and emotional factors such as scenic setting and general ambience, and practical concerns such as proximity and range of activities available are much more important than beach awards in attracting visitors to beaches. The merits of beach awards are critically reviewed and it is concluded that any benefits that might accrue are in areas other than attracting visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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