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Rapid and accurate battery fault diagnosis and distinction is of great importance in electrical vehicles and electrochemical energy storage system. However, misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis happened occasionally. In this paper, a statistical analysis-based multi-fault diagnosis method is proposed to detect and localize short circuit faults, electrical connection faults and voltage sensor faults in LFP battery packs. This method uses non-redundant interleaved voltage measurement topology to detect battery voltages, where every voltage sensor measures the sum of two neighboring batteries and one connection resistor between them. The statistical analysis method sets detection thresholds based on the battery operating data, and captures fault characteristics by analyzing abnormal changes in battery voltage unrelated to current. Theoretical analysis and tests verified that this method can diagnose these three kinds of faults. Sensor faults of excessive error and data sticking can also be distinguished. • The proposed method can diagnose short circuit faults, electrical connection faults and sensor faults. • The non-redundant interleaved voltage measurement topology does not require additional voltage sensors, which saves costs. • The introduction of time window avoids blocking the fault diagnosis process when a fault occurs. • Sensor faults of excessive error and data sticking can be distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Convolution Neural Network and a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory network connected architecture with a Multi-Head Attention mechanism (CNN-BiLSTM-MHA) is studied for predicting state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Firstly, an adaptive noise based complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (AN-CEEMD) algorithm is adopted to catch the intrinsic features of measured battery signals by adding white noises. Secondly, a CNN-BiLSTM model with the MHA mechanism is developed to learn the mapping between processed input signals and battery SOC, it has three parts: 1) the CNN extracts features of the processed data, mine the relation among input signals, and promote estimation precision; 2) the BiLSTM has memory ability to catch battery dynamics, and the Swish activation function in the BiLSTM ensures unsaturated and reduces over-fitting due to its upper unbound and lower bound; 3) The multi-head attention mechanism uses several independent self-attention layers to associate input information and variables, extracts more associate information by adding weights; it reduces the overfitting risk of a single attention head, and improves the model generalization performance through joint learning of multiple heads. Finally, experiments and simulations are implemented under four operating conditions at five different temperatures, and the presented method is verified effective. • A CNN-BiLSTM network with multi-head attention (MHA) is explored to identify SOC. • The CNN extracts features of input data, and mine the relation among input signals. • The BiLSTM with feedback structure has memory ability to catch battery dynamics. • The MHA mechanism improves model performance through joint learning of multiple heads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• RK1 exhibits neuroprotective effects in PC12 cells and primary neuron. • RK1 alleviates AD pathology, and the effect is better than the clinical drug donepezil. • The protective effect of RK1 is associated with the activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. • RK1 is expected to be a potential therapeutic drug for AD. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complex, resulting in unsatisfactory effects of single-target therapeutic drugs. Accumulation evidence suggests that low toxicity multi-target drugs may play effective roles in AD. Ginseng is the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng Meyer, which can be used not only as herbal medicine but also as a functional food to support body functions. Ginsenoside RK1 (RK1), obtained from ginseng plants through high-temperature treatment, has antiapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and these events are involved in the development of AD. So, we believe that RK1 may be an effective drug for the treatment of AD. We aimed to investigate the potential protective effects and mechanisms of RK1 in AD. Neuronal damage was detected by MTT assay, LDH assay, immunofluorescence and western blotting. Oxidative stress was measured by JC-1 staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA). The cognitive deficit was measured through morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. RK1 attenuated Aβ-induced apoptosis, restored mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and reduced intracellular levels of ROS in both PC12 cells and primary cultured neurons. In vivo, RK1 significantly improved cognitive deficits and mitigated AD-like pathological features. Notably, RK1 demonstrated superior efficacy compared to the positive control drug, donepezil. Mechanistically, our study elucidates that RK1 modulates the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), leading to the optimization of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduction of ROS levels, and mitigation of AD-like pathology. It's noteworthy that blocking the AMPK signaling pathway attenuated the protective effects of RK1. RK1 demonstrates superior efficacy in alleviating cognitive deficits and mitigating pathological changes compared to donepezil. These findings suggest the potential utility of RK1-based therapies in the development of treatments for AD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the predominant age-related neurodegenerative disorder, for which efficacious treatment remains elusive. An auspicious avenue for this disease lies in natural compounds sourced from tranditional medicine and plant origins. Parthenolide (PTN) is a natural product with multiple biological functionsand. Recent investigations have illuminated PTN's protective properties against neurological maladies; however, its potential therapeutic role against AD remains uncharted. This study aims to explore the role of PTN in treating AD. Our in vitro findings underscore PTN's bioactivity, as evidenced by its capacity to curtail apoptosis, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and restore mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. Moreover, PTN treatment demonstrates a capacity to ameliorate deficits in spatial learning and memory in the 3 ×Tg-AD murine model. Notably, PTN's therapeutic efficacy surpasses that of a clinical agent, donepezil. Mechanistically, PTN's neuroprotective effects stem from its adept regulation of the AMPK/GSK3β(ser9)/Nrf2 signaling pathway and protection on neuronal cells from ROS-related apoptosis. Although the molecular target and the pre-clinical evaluations of PTN need to be further explored, this study indicates PTN as a potential agent or lead compound for the drug development against AD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in supporting and defending the body and is essential for movement. It also participates in regulating the processes of protein synthesis and degradation. Inhibition of protein synthesis and activation of degradation metabolism can both lead to the development of skeletal muscle atrophy, a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and fiber size. Many physiological and pathological conditions can cause a decline in muscle mass, but the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood, and the selection of treatment strategies and efficacy evaluations vary. Moreover, the early symptoms of this condition are often not apparent, making it easily overlooked in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use cell models to understand the etiology and influencing factors of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we summarize the methods used to construct skeletal muscle cell models, including hormone, inflammation, cachexia, genetic engineering, drug, and physicochemical models. We also analyze, compare, and evaluate the various construction and assessment methods. [Display omitted] • A summary of the current muscle atrophy cell models is provided to offer more assistance in studying muscle atrophy. • This paper highlights four cell models for skeletal muscle atrophy: C2C12, L6, primary cells and iPSCs. • We discuss factors including hormones, inflammatory factors, cachexia, drugs, genes, and physical-chemical factors. • Understanding these cell models helps grasp muscle atrophy and guides the construction of new experimental models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gal-1 overexpression strongly inhibits PRRSV replication in multiple strains. • Gal-1 knockdown or knockout facilitates PRRSV replication. • Interaction between Gal-1 and Nsp11 might regulate IFN and ISG activation. • Gal-1 exhibits antiviral activity against EAV, PEDV, JEV, PRV, and CSFV. • Gal-1 is potentially efficacious for applications to control PRRSV infection. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes great economic losses to the swine industry globally; however, effective control measures for this virus are limited. Here, we screened a porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cDNA library with a yeast two-hybrid system to reveal that galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous innate immune protein encoded by LGALS1 , interacts with nonstructural protein 11 (Nsp11) of PRRSV. Western blotting and viral titer assays indicated that Gal-1 overexpression suppressed replication in multiple PRRSV strains (P < 0.001), whereas Gal-1 knockdown or knockout increased viral titer and nucleocapsid protein expression. The Gal-1-specific anti-PRRSV effect was associated with the endoribonuclease domain of Nsp11 through inactivation of interferon-antagonist function and stimulation of interferon-stimulated gene expression. Additionally, Gal-1 interacted with PRRSV E protein but not with PRRSV glycoproteins, and recombinant Gal-1 treatment inhibited PRRSV in PAMs and MARC-145 cells. Furthermore, Gal-1 inhibited replication in multiple viruses, including equine arteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and classical swine fever virus, suggesting its potential broad application for antiviral strategies. Our findings provide insight into the important role of Gal-1 in PRRSV pathogenesis and its potential use as a novel therapeutic target against PRRSV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety of integrated circuit design has become a big challenge due to overbuilding, IC (Integrated Circuit) piracy, hardware Trojan, reverse engineering, and other attacks. Over the past decades, the demand for hardware security is increased continually in an integrated circuit. In this paper, we propose a new design of anti-key leakage camouflage gate for reverse engineering based on dummy vias. The design achieves the layout-level camouflage by using XOR, XNOR, buffer and inverter through via's realness, followed by extracting the camouflaged circuit's feature information to generate standard physical library. They are inserted into the circuit netlist to prevent the key leakage of IP solidification. The circuit is verified by TSMC 65 nm process and tested in ISCAS benchmark circuit. The results show that the newly-designed circuit attains 99% similarity in placing and routing in the layout, suggesting that the security of the hardware circuit can be greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Xi'an, a city that frequently experiences serious PM pollution in northern China, 1476 PM 10 and 1464 PM 2.5 valid daily filter samples were collected at six sites from December 2014 to November 2015 and analyzed for 29 species. The annual mean PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were 149.4 ± 93.1, 108.0 ± 70.9 μg/m 3 , respectively. Organic carbon (OC) is the predominant PM 2.5 component while crustal material predominated in PM 10 . Sulfate concentrations, which was the largest component in Xi'an PM in previous studies, were lower than nitrate. Winter sulfate, OC, and elemental carbon (EC) have decreased since 2003, while nitrate remained constant in recent years and the ratio of NO 3 − /SO 4 2− increased from 0.4 in 2006 to 1.3 in 2014. This result suggests that the motor vehicle contribution to PM has increased relative to coal-fired power plant emissions over the past decade. The mass fractions of crustal material, sulfate, and EC in PM 2.5 decreased as the PM 2.5 concentrations increased from “clean” days (<50 μg/m 3 ) to the highest values, while nitrate significantly increased. Despite forming through secondary reactions, the high concentrations of SOC and SO 4 2− in winter are attributed to primary emissions and particularly to residential heating and cooking with coal. Primary SOC and SO 4 2− accounted for 33% and 42% of their total PM 2.5 concentrations in winter, respectively. Therefore, control measures applied to these primary sources can substantially improve air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 flooding offers a means to recover significant amounts of oil while simultaneously sequestering CO 2 . Recent methods for CO 2 geological storage have focused on CO 2 injection into deep brine aquifers, or by water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection in a miscible gas flooding process using vertical wells. There is significant uncertainty in the amount of CO 2 that can be stored using these methods owing to reservoir heterogeneity and variations in reservoir/fluid parameters. It would be useful therefore to have a more robust process that can also increase both CO 2 storage and oil recovery in a symbiotic relationship, where increased storage leads to greater oil recovery. This paper considers an alternative process that maximizes both storage and oil recovery simultaneously using only horizontal wells in a gravity-enhanced miscible process. A reduced-order model (ROM) is developed to consider a wide range of reservoir heterogeneities and fluid properties. Monte-Carlo simulations using the ROM show that achieving very high storage and oil recovery is possible using the gravity-enhanced process and that the approach is very robust. For example, after 2.0 moveable pore volumes injected (MPVI), probabilistic forecasts show that CO 2 storage efficiency across two standard deviations ranges from about 81% to 93%, indicating that nearly all of the available pore space (excluding immobile water) at the end of injection is occupied by CO 2 . Oil recoveries after 2.0 MPVI varied from 79% to 93% of the original mass of oil-in-place (OOIP). These storage and recovery efficiencies are significantly greater than any process reported to date. Response functions developed can also be used to estimate the maximum amount of stored CO 2 and corresponding oil recoveries for a wide range of reservoir and fluid properties. Such estimates are critical for regional and national assessment of CO 2 storage potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nitrogen-doped graphene is prepared by a solid microwave method with EDA (ethylenediamine) as the nitrogen source. The experimental results reveal that nitrogen atoms from the grafted EDA molecules on the surface of graphene are successfully doped into the lattices. The NGS (nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets) sample exhibits outstanding specific capacitances of 197 and 151 F g−1 at the current densities of 0.5 and 5 A g−1 in 6.0 mol L−1 KOH aqueous electrolyte, respectively. Furthermore, the sample also displays more superior rate capacity, which can possess high specific capacitance retention of 77% and 70% at the high current densities of 5 and 40 A g−1, respectively. In addition, a capacity fading lower than 2% after 5000 cycles of charging and discharging is obtained, indicating its long-term electrochemical stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• An unknown input observer framework is utilized to construct the interval observer to avoid the cooperativity constraint in estimation error dynamics. • The corresponding control scheme composed of upper-lower bounds of the controller is established to treat the time-varying parameter in control input channel. • Sufficient conditions are formulated as LMIs to guarantee the finite-time boundedness of error systems. The paper is concerned with the finite-time control of linear parameter-varying systems by means of the interval observer method. An unknown input observer framework is utilized to construct the interval observer to avoid the cooperativity constraint in estimation error dynamics. The corresponding control scheme composed of upper-lower bounds of the controller is established to treat the time-varying parameter in control input channel. Sufficient conditions are formulated as LMIs to guarantee the finite-time boundedness of error systems. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is evaluated by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) invasion of host cells is a complicated process of interaction between parasites and host cells. In the present study we investigated the alterations of free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and cytoskeletons in phagocytic and non-phagocytic host cells and arachidonic acid (AA) concentration in cells supernatant during T. gondii invasion. T. gondii invasion induced significant elevation of intracellular [Ca2+]i in phagocytic cells (J774A.1) but not in non-phagocytic cells (L929). Pre-treatment of J774A.1 cells with Phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (U73122), or Ca2+ chelators (EGTA, BAPTA/AM) did not block elevations of [Ca2+]i but the elevations were lower and of shorter duration than that in untreated cells. Pre-treatment of tachyzoites with Phospholipases A (PLA) inhibitors (4-BPB and AACOCF3) resulted in a similar pattern of increasing of [Ca2+]i as that in Ca2+ chelators treated cells. Agglutinations of microfilaments were observed in J774A.1 cells but not in L929 cells. No changes of microtubules were observed in either cell. Treatment of cells with cytoskeleton inhibitors (colchicines, cytochalasin-D) resulted in reduced cell infection ratios. AA concentration in J774A.1 cells supernatant reached 8.44-fold of basal concentration after T. gondii infection and those in 4-BPB or AACOCF3 pre-treated cells reached 7.70-fold and 8.09-fold of basal concentration, respectively. However, elevation of AA concentrations induced by 4-BPB or AACOCF3 treated tachyzoites were 3.02-fold and 2.65-fold of basal AA concentration. AA concentration in L929 cells supernatant reached 5.02-fold of basal concentration after T. gondii infection and those in 4-BPB or AACOCF3 pre-treated cells reached 4.75-fold and 4.78-fold of basal concentration, respectively. However, elevation of AA concentrations induced by 4-BPB or AACOCF3 treated tachyzoites were 2.06-fold and 2.43-fold of basal AA concentration. Results indicated that elevations of [Ca2+]i and AA induced by T. gondii invasion were from both host cells and parasites. T. gondii invasion activated host cell PLC and triggered the PLC-PKC signal pathway, which resulted in the flowing of extracellular Ca2+ and the releasing of intracellular Ca2+ pool. Elevated [Ca2+]i induced reorganization of host cell microfilaments. The invasion also activated secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) and cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) of the parasite to release AA, which increased the permeability of cell membrane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In the paper, we introduce two iterative sequences for finding a point in the intersection of the zero set of a inverse strongly monotone or inverse-monotone operator and the zero set of a maximal monotone operator in a uniformly smooth and uniformly convex Banach space. We prove weak convergence theorems under appropriate conditions, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Single junction p-i-n μc-Si:H solar cells were prepared in a low-cost, large-area single chamber radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. The effects of seeding processes on the growth of μc-Si:H i-layers and performance of μc-Si:H solar cells were investigated. Seeding processes, usually featured by highly hydrogen rich plasma, are effective in inducing the growth of μc-Si:H i-layers. It has been demonstrated that p-layer seeding methods are preferable to i-layer seeding. While performance of μc-Si:H solar cells produced by i-layer seeding methods was usually limited by very low fill factors, μc-Si:H solar cells with good initial and stabilized conversion efficiencies were obtained by p-layer seeding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lithium-ion batteries have been used in all aspects of life for environmental and resource reasons. The accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) ensures the proper operation of the battery. However, few methods have focused on the problem of SOC estimation at low temperatures. A hybrid method based on the CNN-BWGRU network is proposed in this paper. The method optimizes the influence of battery information on the results through a "multi-moment input" structure and the bidirectional network. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to learn the feature parameters in the input. The bidirectional weighted gated recurrent unit (BWGRU) can improve the fitting performance of the network at low temperatures by changing the weights. The proposed network has a strong generalization capability, estimation accuracy, and robustness. SOC estimation is performed under different conditions to verify the plausibility of the network. The experimental results show that the method has higher accuracy and stability than other networks. In addition, the proposed method can overcome the effect of different initial SOC on the estimation results. Therefore, the CNN-BWGRU network provides a new method in battery SOC estimation while providing helpful guidance for safe and stable battery operation in natural environments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with anti-disturbance output feedback control of uncertain systems via dynamic guaranteed cost triggering mechanism. An output disturbance observer is constructed to attenuate matched disturbances and the mismatched one is attenuated by the H ∞ approach. A new dynamic event-triggered mechanism is established in terms of guaranteed cost triggering condition and triggering threshold. A composite controller is built on an observer based state feedback controller and an output disturbance compensator. By employing the Lyapunov stability method, a sufficient condition is presented in the framework of linear matrix inequality to ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system with the prescribed cost. Comparative simulation studies are supplied to verify the effectiveness of the proposed composite control scheme. • Compared with the state DOB [25] , an output DOB is established firstly to reconstruct matched disturbances in input channels. • A new dynamic ETM is put forward and contains [36] as a special case. • A composite controller is constructed by an observer-based state feedback controller and a disturbance compensator. • A structural separation technique is utilized to tackle the controller gain and the observer gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• RNF114 exhibits significant anti-PRRSV activity. • RNF114 knockdown facilitates PRRSV replication. • PRRSV infection leads to endogenous RNF114 upregulation. • The E3 ligase RNF114 interacts with Nsp12 and promotes its proteasomal degradation. • RNF114 catalyzes K27-linked polyubiquitination of PRRSV Nsp12. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a significant threat to the swine industry worldwide, and the development of effective and sustainable measures to control PRRSV transmission remains a pressing problem. The function of PRRSV nonstructural protein 12 (Nsp12), which might play essential roles in viral replication and production, remains unknown. In this study, we identified a new host-restricted factor, porcine RING finger protein 114 (RNF114), as an inhibitor of PRRSV replication through its degradation of viral Nsp12. Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and viral titer assays indicated that RNF114 overexpression suppressed PRRSV replication, whereas RNF114 knockdown increased viral titer and nucleocapsid protein levels. Additionally, we observed that PPRSV infection led to increased RNF114 levels during the middle and late phases of infection in both porcine alveolar macrophages and MARC-145 cells. Moreover, screening of PRRSV Nsps showed that RNF114 interacted with viral Nsp12, and that RNF114-specific anti-PRRSV effects were associated with its ubiquitin ligase activity, which involves K27-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of Nsp12 through a proteasome-dependent pathway. These findings identified RNF114 as a critical regulator of PRRSV replication and offer insights into the roles of Nsp12 in PRRSV pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to complex configuration of high power integrated PEMFC systems, the associated systematic condition assessment is still a promising challenge. In this paper, an online systematic condition assessment architecture for high-power integrated PEMFC systems is put forward based on random matrix analysis. The proposed architecture consists of two cascaded procedures, which are the streaming formulation of random characteristic matrices and random matrix analysis based systematic condition assessment, respectively. Benefited from the signal cluster transformation by the fusion of model-driven and data-driven approaches, the residuals characterizing system abnormal can be extracted to formulate the streaming random matrices. On this basis, by recursive eigenpairs' updating of random covariance matrices, high-dimensional analysis can be conducted in real-time even with random tensor augmentation-based matrix dimension expansion, and the systematic condition assessment indicators can be derived. Taking temperature anomaly awareness as an example, detailed experiment results demonstrate that, the derived indicators are more sensitive to system anomaly than traditional threshold-based condition assessment method, and the online evaluation of the operation condition of integrated PEMFC systems can be achieved more effectively under the proposed systematic condition assessment architecture. Finally, a recommended online robust systematic condition assessment procedure with the fusion of multi-indicators is demonstrated. To our best knowledge, this paper represents the attempt to put random matrix analysis into the online systematic condition assessment of high-power integrated PEMFC systems for the first time. • Online condition assessment architecture for integrated PEMFC systems is proposed. • Cascaded two procedures for the proposed architecture are discussed in detail. • The proposed architecture applied to an integrated PEMFC system is evaluated. • The derived systematic condition assessment indicators and control limits are verified. • A robust systematic condition assessment procedure is proposed and demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a major public health problem affecting the elderly population, and there is currently no effective treatment. Although the pathogenesis of AD is unclear, neurotoxicity induced by oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of AD. Ginseng, the root and rhizome of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, is used not only as an herbal medicine but also as a functional food to support bodily functions. Ginsenoside Rk3 (Rk3), the main bioactive component in ginseng, has a strong antioxidant effect and has not been reported in AD. In this study, we showed that Rk3 improved neuronal apoptosis, decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 and primary neuronal cells. In vivo, we found that Rk3 improved spatial learning and memory deficit in precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) double transgenic mouse model of AD. Additionally, Rk3 increases glutathione reductase (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels while inhibits malondialdehyde (MDA) production, apoptosis and activation of glial cells in APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistically, we found that the protective effect of Rk3 is in correlation with the activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide support for Rk3 as a new strategy for the treatment of AD. [Display omitted] • Ginsenoside Rk3, a bioactive component in ginseng, exhibits neuroprotective effects in PC12 cells and primary neuronal cells. • Rk3 significantly alleviates AD pathology with the therapeutic effect better than that of donepezil. • The protective effect of Rk3 is associated with the activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. • Ginsenoside Rk3 is expected to be a potential therapeutic drug for AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries have become the fastest-growing energy storage equipment available for extrinsic and intrinsic reasons. State of Charge (SOC) is one of the lithium-ion batteries' most critical performance indicators, reflecting the remaining capacity. An accurate and stable estimate of SOC is critical for any lithium-ion battery. This paper proposes a hybrid method to achieve stable and real-time battery SOC estimation at different temperatures, composed of an Improved Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (IBGRU) network and Unscented Kalman filtering (UKF). The proposed method is experimentally validated using data from UDDS and US06 driving cycles. The verification results show that the method can adapt to various working conditions and obtain good estimation accuracy and robustness, with MAE and RMSE less than 0.83% and 1.12%, respectively. After transfer learning, the method can also be applied to new lithium-ion batteries and achieve good estimation performance at new temperature conditions. The maximum errors are 4.98% and 5.76% at 25 °C and −10 °C, respectively. Therefore, the IBGRU-UKF method can achieve a more accurate and stable SOC estimation with good expansion performance for different lithium-ion batteries. [Display omitted] • A new hybrid method is proposed to estimate the SOC of lithium-ion batteries. • The IBGRU is designed to improve estimation performance at different temperatures. • The UKF method is developed to smooth the IBGRU network estimation. • The proposed method can be applied to other batteries with transfer learning. • The method can hopefully estimate the battery pack SOC in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radar absorbing materials composited of activated carbon fibers (ACF) as wave-absorber and glass fibers (GF) as impedance modifier were successfully prepared. The structure parameters of rectangular ACF felt screen, the influences of GF-piece and the reflection properties were investigated. It was observed that the effective bandwidth (the reflection loss below −10 dB) increased with the aspect ratio ( a / b ) increasing, but decreased with aperture spacing ( δ ) increasing. A double absorption peak (16.1 dB and 14.2 dB) for the optimized configuration ( a / b = 3, δ = 5 mm, a = 30 mm) appeared at 5.8 GHz and 16.9 GHz, and a wide absorption bandwidth (4–17.6 GHz) could be achieved. When a 30 mm × 15 mm rectangular aperture was filled by GF-piece of 20 mm × 10 mm, the effective bandwidth was improved to 12.1 GHz. The composites with a wide absorption bandwidth could be achieved via designing the proper element parameters and adjusting the composition of ACF and GF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A full- length infectious clone of NADC30-like strain was constructed successfully. • The rescued virus, rZJqz, was indistinguishable from their parental virus vZJqz21 in virological characteristics. • rZJqz retained the similar pathogenicity and the typical clinical symptoms. • These findings represent a useful tool for the further development of a new broad-spectrum vaccine. NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is highly homologous to the NADC30 strain isolated in the United States. The NADC30-like PRRSV was first reported in 2014 in China, where it spread and gradually caused an epidemic. Currently, growing research has shown that NADC30-like strains have greater propensity to recombine with other PRRSV strains, particularly the PPRSV vaccine virus used clinically, making the prevention and control of PRRSV highly complex. To carry out an in-depth molecular biology and virulence analysis, a full-length infectious clone of the NADC30-like strain was successfully constructed and rescued by reverse genetic manipulation. The rescued virus, rZJqz, was indistinguishable from its parental virus, ZJqz21, based on virological characteristics. Further animal experiments demonstrated that rZJqz retained similar pathogenicity and induced the typical clinical symptoms and viral shedding observed in the ZJqz21 challenge model. Together, these results provide a useful tool for further study of the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of NADC30-like strains. Moreover, these findings also provide a solid foundation for studying the recombination of different PRRSVs and developing new and effective universal vaccines in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tin bronze- x Cr 3 C 2 -graphite composites (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) were fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Fine-scale uniform distribution of composites was achieved. The Cr 3 C 2 particles enhanced the mechanical properties and wear resistance of copper-based composites. The as-sintered tin bronze-20Cr 3 C 2 -graphite showed a hardness of 109 HV, a compressive strength of 333 MPa, and a yield strength of 219 MPa. In addition, the wear rate of as-sintered tin bronze-20Cr 3 C 2 -graphite was maintained in the order of 10−5 at 30 N, 50 N, and 70 N. The wear mechanism of the studied composites varied from surface fatigue and adhesion wear to abrasive wear with the increase of Cr 3 C 2 content during dry sliding. These findings provide a new method for developing copper-based composites with enhanced mechanical properties and wear resistance. • The tin bronze-Cr 3 C 2 -graphite composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. • The Cr 3 C 2 particles enhanced the mechanical properties and wear resistance of copper-based composites. • The wear mechanism of the studied composites varied with the increase of Cr 3 C 2 content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]