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1. Development of a Transparent Coating to Enhance Self-Cleaning Capability and Strength in Conventional Paper.

Author

Ye, Xiangdong, Hou, Junwen, Yan, Xuerui, and Wu, Xiaojun

Subjects
*WATER pollution, *PROTECTIVE coatings, *SURFACE coatings, *TENSILE strength, *POLYURETHANES, *PAPER
Abstract

Paper is one of the most widely used materials, due to its application in books, packaging, and office supplies. However, conventional paper has many disadvantages, such as low tensile strength, poor resistance to water and oil contamination, lack of antigraffiti capability, and easily deformed by moisture. Therefore, we proposed a double-layer protective coating that consists of a polyurethane (PU) bottom layer, to enhance tensile strength, and a top polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite layer to enable antigraffiti and contamination-resistant capabilities. In the study, a double-layer coating was applied to conventional paper, using a simple two-step spraying method. The results showed that the prepared coating structure exhibited outstanding self-cleaning characteristics with respect to both water and oil contamination and adequately demonstrated antigraffiti capability. Moreover, the coating maintained superhydrophobic and oil-stain resistance after four months of outdoor storage. Finally, the tensile strength of the coated paper was 6.3 times as high as that of the original paper, making this coating structure a promising solution to the problems that limit paper from being more widely utilized in commercial and consumer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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2. A Cost and Passenger Responsible Optimization Method for the Operation Plan of Additional High-Speed Trains in a Peak Period

Author

Liu, Yutong, Cao, Chengxuan, Feng, Ziyan, and Zhou, Yaling

Subjects
Passenger rail services -- Methods, High speed trains -- Design and construction, Time, Railroads, Paper, Transportation industry
Abstract

In the peak period of a railway system, operators typically add additional trains to provide increased capacity to satisfy the increasing passenger demand. The paper proposes a new optimization framework for designing the operation plan, which includes the number of additional trains, train type, stop plan, and timetable, for additional trains in a peak period. A space-time network representation is used to obtain a feasible primary operation plan by finding a set of feasible space-time paths in the space-time network. Considering simultaneously the passenger demand and the trains' total travel times, we formulate a biobjective integer programming model for generating a cost and passenger responsible primary operation plan. A set of loading capacity constraints are formulated in the model to guarantee a suitable loading capacity for each station's passenger demand and better service for passengers. The CPLEX solver is used to solve the proposed model and to generate the optimal operation plan. Two sets of numerical experiments are conducted on a small-scale rail corridor and on the Wuhan-Guangzhou rail corridor to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results of the experiments show that the primary operation plan can be obtained within an acceptable computation time., 1. Introduction With the development of science, technology, and economics, numerous kilometers of high-speed railway have been constructed in some countries to meet increasing passenger demands. The efficient operation of [...]

Published
2020
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3. Mood, anxiety, and perceived quality of life in adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability

Author

Jans S. van Ool, Francesca M. Snoeijen-Schouwenaars, In Y. Tan, Helenius J. Schelhaas, Albert P. Aldenkamp, Jos G.M. Hendriksen, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Klinische Neurowetenschappen, Center for Care & Cure Technology Eindhoven, and Signal Processing Systems

Subjects
Male, validity, Quality of Life/psychology, developmental disability, Anxiety, SDG 3 – Goede gezondheid en welzijn, Intellectual Disability/complications, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intellectual disability, Prevalence, anxiety disorder, 030212 general & internal medicine, Depression (differential diagnoses), seizures, Seizure types, Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Neurology, depression, Anticonvulsants, Female, medicine.symptom, mental health, Anxiety/epidemiology, Anxiety disorder, Clinical psychology, Adult, Depression/epidemiology, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Quality of life (healthcare), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Intellectual Disability, medicine, Humans, Epilepsy/complications, Aged, people, reliability, business.industry, paper, medicine.disease, Affect, Mood, Quality of Life, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective: Depression and anxiety symptoms are common among patients with epilepsy, but are relatively under-researched in patients with both epilepsy and intellectual disability (ID). The aim was to investigate whether epilepsy and ID characteristics are associated with mood, anxiety, and quality of life. Materials and Methods: Adult patients with epilepsy and ID who rely on tertiary epilepsy care were included (N = 189). Mood, anxiety, and quality of life were assessed by standardized questionnaires. Epilepsy and ID characteristics were retrieved from patient charts or determined by psychometric instruments. Results: Elevated levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were present in 21.7% and 12.7%, respectively. Anxiety was significantly associated with a focal epilepsy type and ID domain discrepancy (substantial difference between two domains of adaptive behavior), but was negatively related to seizure frequency and drug load of mood-stabilizing antiepileptic drugs. Depressive symptoms were not significantly related to epilepsy characteristics, but a severe ID and ID domain discrepancy was associated with more depressive symptoms. Quality of life was significantly worse in those with multiple seizure types and ID domain discrepancy. Conclusion: Whereas anxiety and quality of life are associated with individual epilepsy characteristics, this could not be confirmed for depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy and ID, despite its high prevalence.

Published
2019

4. Should We Launder Our Money?

Author

Richard A. Stein

Subjects
Paper, Banking, Personal, Bacteria, Nursing, business.industry, MEDLINE, Equipment Contamination, Medicine, General Medicine, business, Laundering
Published
2020

5. New Antibacterial Paper Made of Silver Phosphate Cellulose Fibers: A Preliminary Study on the Elimination of Staphylococcus aureus Involved in Diabetic Foot Ulceration

Author

Virginie Blanchette, Simon Barnabé, Thanh Tung Lai, Dan Belosinschi, and Lyne Cloutier

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Paper, Staphylococcus aureus, Article Subject, 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Phosphates, Agar plate, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Foot ulcers, Food science, Cellulose, General Immunology and Microbiology, Silver phosphate, Silver Compounds, General Medicine, Cell counting, Bandages, Diabetic Foot, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Cellulose fiber, chemistry, Medicine, Staphylococcal Skin Infections, Antibacterial activity, Diabetic foot ulceration, Research Article
Abstract

Aim. To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial effect of a paper made of silver phosphate cellulose fibers (SPCF) on Staphylococcus aureus, the most common diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) pathogen when compared with other common commercial products. Methods. The antibacterial activity of SPCF samples was evaluated through time with cell counting on agar plates. SPCF samples were then compared with commercial wound care products currently in use in DFU treatments (Silvercel™, Acticoat 7, and Aquacel Ag ExtraTM) through time on agar plates (growth inhibition zones). Results. After 6 hours, there was no viable bacterial cell detected on either plate (p<0.05). There was a net growth inhibition zone for SPCF samples but no significant difference between the two silver concentrations. Compared with common commercial products, SPCF paper provides results equal to Acticoat 7 (p<0.05) and superior to Aquacel AG ExtraTM and Silvercel™ at lower silver concentrations (p<0.001). Conclusions. These results have shown the efficiency of SPCF paper to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus in these conditions. SPCF papers are effective when compared with other common commercial products and could have an industrial potential in wound care. Infected DFU could benefit from the antibacterial effectiveness of SPCF, but more relevant experimentations related to foot ulcers are needed.

Published
2020

6. Comparison of Measurements of Autoantibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and Islet Antigen-2 in Whole Blood Eluates from Dried Blood Spots Using the RSR-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kits and In-House Radioimmunoassays

Author

Anita Nilsson, Anders Persson, Charlotte Becker, Ida Hansson, and Carina Törn

Subjects
Adult, Male, Paper, Quality Control, lcsh:Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Specialties of internal medicine, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glutamate decarboxylase, Radioimmunoassay, lcsh:Medicine, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Biology, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, Sensitivity and Specificity, lcsh:RC581-951, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8, lcsh:RC31-1245, Child, Autoantibodies, Whole blood, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, Type 1 diabetes, lcsh:RC648-665, geography.geographical_feature_category, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Methodology Report, lcsh:R, Autoantibody, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Islet, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Enzyme, Endocrinology, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Female, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Abstract

To evaluate the performance of dried blood spots (DBSs) with subsequent analyses of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) with the RSR-ELISAs, we selected 80 children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 120 healthy women. DBSs from patients and controls were used for RSR-ELISAs while patients samples were analysed also with in-house RIAs. The RSR-ELISA-GADA performed well with a specificity of 100%, albeit sensitivity (46%) was lower compared to in RIA (56%;P=.008). No prozone effect was observed after dilution of discrepant samples. RSR-ELISA-IA-2A achieved specificity of 69% and sensitivity was lower (59%) compared with RIA (66%;P<.001). Negative or low positive patients and control samples in the RSR-ELISA-IA-2A increased after dilution. Eluates from DBS can readily be used to analyse GADA with the RSR-ELISA, even if low levels of autoantibodies were not detected. Some factor could disturb RSR-ELISA-IA-2A analyses.

Published
2010