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Traffic and transportation science consists of a broad range of topics. Traditional mathematical models and analysis techniques are not capable of translating many real-life problems in traffic and transportation engineering. [...]

In this paper, we study a reaction-diffusion nutrient-phytoplankton model with nutrient recycling delay and toxin-producing phytoplankton. For the delay-free case, we prove that the release rate of toxic chemicals by the toxin-producing phytoplankton can destabilize the system and cause periodic oscillation. For the time-delayed case, we observe that nutrient recycling delay may bring about stability switches and Hopf bifurcation. Moreover, we derive the formula for determining the direction and stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions. Finally, we give some numerical simulations to support the theoretical analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of long-term water flooding in the Gaoqian Southern Area with an average porosity of 30% and an average permeability of 1333.5 × 10 − 3 μm2, the fluid-solid interaction among oil, water, and rock has a great influence on the pore structure. It has resulted in changes in reservoir parameters with the extension of time. This paper used electron microscopy scanning, mercury injection, X-ray diffraction, physical properties, and oil-water relative permeability curves to study the variation of clay mineral content, pore throat structure, porosity, permeability, and relative permeability curves of high-permeability sandstone after high-pressure water flooding. The results showed that clay minerals such as montmorillonite and kaolinite were dissolved, hydrated, and migrated after long-term water flooding, which resulted in the decrease of clay mineral content in fine sandstone and medium sandstone, the increase of pore throat radius, and the decrease of displacement pressure, median pressure, and separation coefficient. The saturation of the isotonic point of the oil-water relative permeability curve was obviously shifted to the right, the hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced, and the porosity and permeability were effectively improved, but there was a blockage of the throat less than 2 μm in the fine sandstone. In addition, this paper established the equations of water injection, permeability, irreducible water saturation, residual oil saturation, and oil-water relative permeability curve coefficient and establishes the initial permeability model with the well data before water flooding. The logging interpretation results of development wells in the process of water flooding as verification data were used, and the relative error of permeability far lower than the general requirement of permeability error within an order of magnitude was less than 30%, which verified the rationality of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we review definition, origin, terminology, fundamental properties, design concepts and procedures, basic applications, modeling, and numerical simulation of metamaterials. It is shown that metamaterial origin can be easily understood by placing metamaterials in the more general context of artificial electromagnetic materials and of the efforts performed by the scientific community working in complex materials to mimic and overcome the properties of natural materials. The basic properties of some classes of metamaterials as well as the related limitations are reviewed and discussed. A new application-oriented definition of metamaterials is given in terms of a functionalizing layer placed in between the traditional concepts of materials and devices. Metamaterial applications and the design steps of metamaterial-based and metamaterial-inspired components are also discussed, with particular emphasis on the numerical simulation of ideal metamaterials through available solvers. In this frame, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling and simulation of the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials are deeply discussed. The recently introduced virtual MTM-FDTD tool is used to simulate the interaction between the electromagnetic field and metamaterials and show some metamaterial effects, such as beam focusing, existence of negative refractive angle, and so forth, through various examples in different scenarios. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 22:422-438, 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The axial deployment force is an indispensable parameter of a lanyard-deployed coilable mast, which reflects its load capacity in practical applications. However, research on the axial deployment force in the literature is very limited, and there are no mature numerical methods to determine this parameter in the design stage of coilable masts. In this paper, a numerical method for determining the axial deployment force of a lanyard-deployed coilable mast in the local coil mode is presented. Through this method, the designer can quickly obtain the estimated value of the axial deployment force in the design stage, which is convenient for the quantitative design of parameters. To verify the correctness of the proposed method, a dynamic simulation of the coilable mast is carried out, and a microgravity test is performed. The comparison results show that the error between the numerical method and the simulation and experimental results is less than 5%, which proves the correctness of the proposed method. In addition, the coilable mast studied in this paper has been verified by an actual microsatellite deployment in orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The deterministic fiber tracking method has the advantage of high computational efficiency and good repeatability, making it suitable for the noninvasive estimation of brain structural connectivity in clinical fields. To address the issue of the current classical deterministic method tending to deviate in the tracking direction in the region of crossing fiber region, in this paper, we propose an adaptive correction-based deterministic white matter fiber tracking method, named FTACTD. Methods. The proposed FTACTD method can accurately track white matter fibers by adaptively adjusting the deflection direction strategy based on the tensor matrix and the input fiber direction of adjacent voxels. The degree of correction direction changes adaptively according to the shape of the diffusion tensor, mimicking the actual tracking deflection angle and direction. Furthermore, both forward and reverse tracking techniques are employed to track the entire fiber. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated and quantified using both simulated and real brain datasets. Various indicators such as invalid bundles (IB), valid bundles (VB), invalid connections (IC), no connections (NC), and valid connections (VC) are utilized to assess the performance of the proposed method on simulated data and real diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data. Results. The experimental results of the simulated data show that the FTACTD method tracks outperform existing methods, achieving the highest number of VB with a total of 13 bundles. Additionally, it identifies the least number of incorrect fiber bundles, with only 32 bundles identified as wrong. Compared to the FACT method, the FTACTD method reduces the number of NC by 36.38%. In terms of VC, the FTACTD method surpasses even the best performing SD_Stream method among deterministic methods by 1.64%. Extensive in vivo experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of tracking more accurate and complete fiber paths, resulting in improved continuity. Conclusion. The FTACTD method proposed in this study indicates superior tracking results and provides a methodological basis for the investigating, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders associated with white matter fiber deficits and abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple hypersonic gliding vehicles' (HGVs') formation control problems with obstacle and collision avoidance are investigated in this paper, which is addressed in the stage of entry gliding. The originality of this paper stems from the formation control algorithm where constraints of dynamic pressure, heating rate, total aerodynamic load, control inputs, collision avoidance, obstacle avoidance, and the terminal states are considered simultaneously. The algorithm implements a control framework designed to be of two terms: distributed virtual controller and actual control input solver. The distributed virtual controller is based on distributed model predictive control with synchronous update strategy, where the virtual control signals are derived by the optimization simultaneously at each time step for each HGV under directed communication topology. Subsequently, according to the virtual control signals obtained, a coupled nonlinear equation set is solved to get actual control signals: each HGV's bank angle together with the angle of attack. The actual control input solver adopts a feasible solution process to calculate the actual control signals while dealing with constraints. Finally, extensive numerical simulations are implemented to unveil the proposed algorithm's performance and superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of a particular category of discrete predator-prey system that feature both fear effect and refuge, using both analytical and numerical methods. The critical coefficients and properties of bifurcating periodic solutions for Flip and Hopf bifurcations are computed using the center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Additionally, numerical simulations are employed to illustrate the bifurcation phenomenon and chaos characteristics. The results demonstrate that period-doubling and Hopf bifurcations are two typical routes to generate chaos, as evidenced by the calculation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents near the critical bifurcation points. Finally, a feedback control method is suggested, utilizing feedback of system states and perturbation of feedback parameters, to efficiently manage the bifurcations and chaotic attractors of the discrete predator-prey model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the limit cycles and local bifurcation of critical periods for a class of switching Z 2 equivariant quartic system with two symmetric singularities are investigated. First, through the computation of Lyapunov constants, the conditions of the two singularities to become the centers are determined. Then, we prove that there are at most 18 limit cycles with a distribution pattern of 9-9 around the two symmetric singular points of the system. Numerical simulation is conducted to validate the obtained results. Furthermore, by calculating the period constants, we determine the conditions for the critical point to be a weak center of finite order. Finally, the number of local critical periods that bifurcate from the equilibrium point under the center conditions is discussed. This study presents the first example of a quartic switching smooth system with 18 limit cycles and 4 local critical periods bifurcating from two symmetric singular points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the modeling of a computer-aided piano music automatic notation algorithm, combines the influence of music on psychological detachment, and designs the piano music automatic notation algorithm in psychological detachment model construction. This paper investigates the multiresolution time-frequency representation constant Q-transform (CQT), which is common in music signal analysis, and finds that although CQT has higher frequency resolution at low frequencies, it also leads to lower temporal resolution. The variable Q-transform is introduced as a tool for multibasic frequency estimation of the time-frequency representation of music signals, which has better temporal resolution than CQT at the exact frequency resolution and efficient coefficient calculation. The short-time Fourier transform and constant Q-transform time-frequency analysis methods are implemented, respectively, and note onset detection and multibasic tone detection are implemented based on CNN models. The network structure, training method, and postprocessing method of CNN are optimized. This paper proposes a temporal structure model for maintaining music coherence to avoid manual input and ensure interdependence between tracks in music generation. This paper also investigates and implements a method for generating discrete music events based on multiple channels, including a multitrack correlation model and a discretization process. In this paper, the automatic piano music notation algorithm can play an influential role in significantly enhancing the actual effect of psychological detoxification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the aircraft air circulation system and proposes a new architecture of the aircraft air circulation system. Combined with the neural network algorithm, the numerical simulation results of turbine, compressor, and heat exchanger are fitted and predicted, and the accuracy of the simulation model is verified by comparing with the experimental results. Comparing and analyzing the booster, F-15, F-35, and the newly proposed air circulation system, the engine bleed air volume consumed by the system under different flight conditions is obtained. The results show that the newly proposed air circulation system can save up to 71.4% of the engine bleed air compared with the simple boost and 29.8% of the engine bleed air compared with the F-35. The new air circulation system proposed in this paper can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the system and reduce the consumption of engine bleed air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper does some research and discussion on the finite element analysis of a building structure, especially the computer graphics simulation method in building structure simulation. Moreover, with the support of BIM technology and computer finite element simulation technology, this paper constructs a building structure simulation system and analyzes the building structure simulation system based on actual conditions such as building structure and stress load. In addition, this paper improves the traditional structural analysis algorithm and designs experiments to evaluate the effect of the method proposed in this paper and analyze the data in the form of simulation to compare the validity of the test results. Finally, an experiment is designed to evaluate the data processing capability of the test system in this paper. The experimental analysis results verify the effectiveness of the method in this paper, which can provide relevant theoretical references for subsequent building structure simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, finite element simulation of asymmetric rolling in relief rolls of C11000 copper alloy in order to analyze the effectiveness of possible roll profiles and technological schemes of deformation was performed. The scientific innovation of this work lies in determining the patterns of development of stress-strain state parameters for various configurations of rolls, as well as determining the effectiveness of metal processing using various technological schemes. It was found that the use of trapezoidal relief makes it possible to increase the level of metal processing by almost 5 times compared with the use of radial relief. Comparison of technological schemes of deformation showed that deformation with 180° workpiece turning between passes significantly reduces the influence of the asymmetry factor. Deformation without changing the workpiece position between the passes has the opposite effect, and such a scheme significantly increases the influence of the asymmetry factor. Deformation with a transverse workpiece shift for the relief period between passes has the effect of a "golden mean." The conducted laboratory experiment for lead billet showed that the shape change of lead billet during computer simulation has a high level of convergence with real conditions. At each stage of deformation, the difference in the geometric parameters of the workpiece between the model and the experiment did not exceed 3-5%. When deforming a copper billet, the maximum difference level was 8%, which is the result of the low rigidity of the rolling cage with smooth rolls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence probability of freak waves is related to the sea wave spectrum. In this paper, different wave spectrums are used to simulate time-invariant three-dimensional freak waves. Freak waves that meet the international standards are generated at fixed time and location by adjusting the energy of the wavelets. We studied the occurrence probability of freak waves under the conditions of different wave spectrums, different wind speeds, and different modulation ratios and optimized the calculation speed of the model. Simulation data show that the difference in the shape of the wave spectrum affects the probability of freak waves occurrence. The model conforms to the Benjamin–Feir index (BFI), and the ratio of wave steepness to spectrum bandwidth is the key. In this paper, the Kirchhoff approximation theory is used to study the electromagnetic scattering (EM scattering) properties of freak waves on the large scale. We ideally calculate the Normalized Radar Cross-Section (NRCS) from the sea surface with freak waves, under different wind speeds and different grazing angles. The NRCS of freak waves is extremely low, and the increase of wind speed and the decrease of the grazing angle will make the detection of freak waves more difficult. The possibility of detection of freak waves is higher at high grazing angles (low incidence angles). The numerical simulations provide reference for engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, due to the increase in the incidence of traffic accidents, the number of people with limb injuries has also increased. At the same time, among the aging population, neurological diseases or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have caused many people to have limb hemiplegia. It has been clinically proven that the use of rehabilitation equipment can help patients with limb injuries to restore limb motor function. This paper takes wearable lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton as the research object, and its main contents are mechanical structure design, kinematics analysis, gait planning, virtual prototype simulation, and experimental verification and analysis. Based on the physiological characteristics of human body and the principle of comfortable and reliable wearing, this paper designs wearable exoskeleton for lower limb rehabilitation. Firstly, the physiological structure characteristics and movement mechanism of human lower limbs were studied and analyzed. By referring to the rotation range and height and size of each joint of human lower limbs, the overall scheme of wearable lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton was designed and the degree of freedom was allocated. At the same time, Solidworks was used to establish a three-dimensional model. On the basis of a 3D model, a kinematics model was established, and the forward kinematics solution was obtained by using homogeneous coordinate transformation. Since the inverse kinematics solution was relatively complicated, the inverse kinematics solution was conducted in this paper according to the geometric relations of the joints of the lower limbs. Kinematics analysis of the exoskeleton structure of wearable lower limb rehabilitation was carried out to lay a theoretical foundation for gait planning. The off-line gait planning was carried out by using the method based on ZMP stability criterion, and the gait planning was divided into five stages: squat, start, middle step, stop and rise, and the motion trajectory of the center of mass and ankle joint was planned. Based on the inverse kinematics formula, the function of the change of joint angle with time in walking process is derived. The virtual prototype is established in ADAMS, and the simulation of virtual prototype is carried out by using the function of gait planning's joint angle and time. The correctness of structural design and gait planning was verified by measuring the trajectories of the centroid and ankle joints in each gait stage and the functional relationship between the rotation angle of each joint and time. Then, using a 3D dynamic capture system to capture the human lower limb motion trajectory of each joint, each joint trajectory data output, using the MATLAB software to output data, gets the joint trajectory change over time function curve and is used to verify feasibility and applicability of human gait planning. Through the research and analysis of the joints of the lower limbs of the human body, it can be concluded that the hip joint and the knee joint have 3 degrees of freedom, respectively, and the knee joint has 1 degree of freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on computer vision technology, this paper presents a human motion analysis and target tracking technology based on computer vision. In terms of moving target detection, the current moving target detection technology is summarized, and some experimental results of the algorithm are given. The background difference method under monocular camera is emphatically analyzed. The preliminary human contour is obtained by the background difference method. In order to obtain a smoother target contour, the mathematical morphology is used to remove the noise, and the judgment algorithm of the size of the image connected domain is added. A specific threshold is set to remove the connected domain of the noise block less than the threshold. In the aspect of human motion recognition, this paper selects human motion features, including minimum external rectangle aspect ratio, rectangularity, circularity, and moment invariant. The criteria for selecting human motion features are strong noise resistance and obvious distinction. Then, the three types of human motion images are classified and recognized. After cross-validation and parameter optimization, the recognition accuracy is significantly improved. The experimental results show that the video sequence collected in the field has a total of 376 frames, and the frame rate is 10 frames/s. Due to the small traffic, the mean shift algorithm based on adaptive feature fusion is used to track the target every 2-3 frames. And set the inverse X direction as the direction of entering the scene and the X direction as the direction of moving out of the scene so that the allowable error of the distance between the detection and tracking results is 10. The weight of each feature is dynamically updated by the similarity between the candidate model and the target model, which solves the problem that the mean shift algorithm is not robust enough when similar objects are occluded and interfered and achieves more accurate tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the law of pressure behavior and the characteristics of mutual influence in the process of steeply inclined coal seam mining. Based on the geological and engineering conditions of the B8 coal seam in Nanshan coal mine, this paper explores the law of mine pressure behavior in the process of steeply inclined coal seam mining by means of theoretical analysis and FLAC3D numerical simulation. Based on this, this paper also examines the influence of the interaction range between coal seams, the reasonable setting size of the section coal pillar, and the mining distance of the working face on the return air roadway. The results suggest as follows: (1) With an increase in the coal seam dip angle, the difference in the abutment pressure plastic zone between upper and lower coal pillars increases, and when mining in steeply inclined coal seams, the stress concentration in the lower and upper part of the working face deviates to the roof and floor respectively, which is obviously different from that of gently inclined coal seams. (2) The vertical stress above the section coal pillar changes in three stages with an increase in the width of the coal pillar, and the width of the coal pillar in the second stage can be taken as the reasonable size of the width of the coal pillar. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results, which indicate the high reliability of this method in determining the reasonable coal pillar size. (3) With an increase in the mining distance in steeply inclined coal seams, the maximum pressure around the working face and above the return air roadway has gone through three stages. When the distance between the working face and the adjacent return air roadway is close, the pressure above the return air roadway increases sharply, and disturbance is stronger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For unconsolidated sanding wells, the interaction between sanding and pressure-dependent permeability as oil is produced from the bottom of the well puts higher challenges on the evaluation and prediction of well performance. Therefore, it is essential to assess the oil well performance considering the synthetic effect of stress-sensitive and produced sand particles. In this paper, a new stress-sensitive factor is proposed to describe the relationship between stress and permeability in the numerical model. Also, based on the rectangular plastic region by the sand migration near the perforation, a quantitative expression of the sanding area for numerical model calculation was established. Combined with a quantitative description of these two key parameters, a sand-producing horizontal well model is established to evaluate production performance. In this model, the area of sand production near the wellbore is considered as the inner area with increased permeability while the outer zone remains the original reservoir. Besides, the model was verified by the production data from the sand-producing horizontal well in the oilfield. Furthermore, sensitivity parameters (such as stress sensitivity, the size of sanding zone, well location, and reservoir boundaries) are used to make the analysis of well productivity, which provides a theoretical basis for petroleum engineers to adjust the development plan for horizontal wells in the weakly consolidated sandstone reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet era and the high popularity of computers, China's economy, politics, and culture have made rapid progress in recent years. In order to adapt to this era of rapid change, China's higher education has also undergone great changes and carried out reform and innovation. As the top priority in the Internet era, computers should be reformed first. The traditional education model is mainly teacher-centered and classroom-centered. The disadvantages of this teaching mode are that students' subjective initiative cannot be fully developed and brought into play. Traditional teaching pays attention to knowledge teaching and ignores ability training. It emphasizes speaking and neglects practice. Therefore, in order to meet the development needs of the new era and cultivate modern talents, colleges and universities began to explore the innovation and entrepreneurship education mode. There is an application of TRIZ theory to the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship education, and TRIZ theory is a theory for solving invention problems. Its main content is to find its own laws in the process of technological evolution and analyze the laws to get a general solution, but there are many obstacles in exploring the mode of innovation and entrepreneurship education; for example, many governments do not support this education reform and do not broadcast relevant education and teaching funds for schools, resulting in uneven configuration of software and hardware in schools. According to the survey, the proportion of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the eastern coastal areas is as high as 70%, while the proportion of innovation and entrepreneurship education in the central and western regions is only 10%. This set of data shows that regional differences are the main reason for the differences in education development. In terms of the proportion of education funds, although the annual education funds will gradually increase in recent years, the proportion is still a drop in the bucket in front of huge fiscal revenue, with the highest being only 0.1%. Therefore, in order to improve the current situation of innovation and entrepreneurship education mode in colleges and universities, according to their own characteristics, the reform is carried out from the aspects of practical ability, competition participation, and training plan, and the BP neural network model is introduced to predict and analyze the effect of teaching methods. The results of this paper are investigated and analyzed. Finally, the investigation on the development of KAB course and SYB course and the analysis on the stability and error of BP neural network are within the allowable range, this shows that the model established in this paper is more favored by students than the traditional teaching methods, more in line with the social reality, the effect is more ideal, and the result is more stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a supplement to traditional teaching methods, computer-assisted teaching methods can reflect modern educational concepts, such as creating student-led, teacher-led environments. The goal of college English education is to enable them to communicate effectively in English in their future academic, work, and social interactions, while also developing students' self-learning skills. Chinese society improves overall cultural competence and adapts to the needs of international communication. Self-directed learning is not static and will increase or decrease with time, discipline, and conditions and is an evolving process. Understanding learning, taking responsibility for one's own learning, and learning how to learn are all beneficial. Students abound in school life and even throughout their lives. In this paper, we try to propose a computer-based method for constructing an independent English learning model based on a practical study of computer network technology for the development of self-learning ability of non-English majors in a university. This paper uses comparative analysis techniques to compare traditional paper-and-pencil examinations and computer-based online evaluations and analyzes the effects of each. The survey showed that 81% of the students preferred the computer-based assessment. Therefore, the focus of this research is to strengthen the oral English training in college and create an authentic English learning environment for students to really feel the standard English pronunciation, intonation, and knowledge of grammar, listening, reading, writing, and translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies mainly used statistical methods to analyze the impact of traffic composition on saturation flow rate from the mesolevel, and there is insufficient research on how traffic composition affects driving behavior. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to establish a more accurate car-following model, establish the relationship between microbehavior and mesostatistical regularity, and explain the influence of vehicle composition on saturation headway. In this paper, an improved full velocity difference (FVD) model is proposed, which abstracts the driver characteristics of a heterogeneous flow into four scenarios: car-car, car-bus, bus-car, and bus-bus. The measured data are used to calibrate and verify the basic FVD and the improved FVD models. The performance of the improved model is significantly improved. The RMSE and RMSPE are reduced by 15.29% and 22.32%, respectively. Finally, through numerical simulation experiments, the variation of saturation headway with different proportions of buses is analyzed. The saturation headway increases with the increase of the proportion of heavy vehicles. Moreover, another important finding is that the saturation headway is not significantly influenced by the position of the buses but only by the proportion of the buses. The research results could provide theoretical support for the control and management of fleets composed of different vehicles at intersections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, college English instruction has emphasised language skills training and information transfer while neglecting to emphasise the development of cross-cultural communication skills. Theoretical study on cross-cultural communication ability, on the other hand, has grown in various dimensions and lacks empirical research methodologies. Meanwhile, in real teaching, a cross-cultural communicative competence training framework that is adequate for Chinese college English teaching practise and has a high degree of recognition and operability has yet to be constructed. This paper uses computer simulation technology to construct the teaching system of college English cross-cultural knowledge. At the same time, this paper proposes a cross-cultural communicative competence training model suitable for Chinese college English teaching based on the Chinese language communication environment and foreign language teaching environment. Finally, this paper constructs a cross-cultural university English teaching system model through computer simulation. Through teaching experiments, we can see that the system constructed in this paper has a certain effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses computer simulation technology to process trade export data and real demand to create a trade export level measurement model based on computer simulation technology in order to enhance the measurement impact of trade export level. Moreover, this paper analyzes the classic complex network model, combines the trade export level measurement model to improve the algorithm, and builds the trade export level system with the support of the improved algorithm. In addition, this paper combines a complex network model to construct an intelligent model that can be used for trade level measurement. The model can perform an intelligent analysis of multiple factors and can evaluate the level of trade from the actual situation. Finally, this paper verifies the algorithm model of this paper through experimental research. From the research results, it can be seen that the method proposed in this paper has certain effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of economy, all world countries are entering the ranks of competitive sports. The Olympic Games or large-scale gymnastics performances are of great significance to the publicity and implementation of the national health plan. This paper aims to study the computer simulation algorithm of group gymnastics formation change path under artificial intelligence and network big data, so as to find out the path change algorithm of each team member, so that members in group gymnastics can clearly see their own moving route, and finally achieve the purpose of reducing the difficulty and cost of rehearsal. In this paper, the ellipse search algorithm and the traditional D i j k s t r a algorithm, the rectangle search algorithm, and the traditional D i j k s t r a algorithm are deeply compared and analyzed, and then, the experimental comparison between the ellipse search algorithm and the rectangle search algorithm is carried out. It is concluded that when finding the shortest path and when the straight-line distance between two nodes is 4.0 km, the time used by the rectangle search algorithm is 2.1 s, while the ellipse search algorithm needs 3.98 s. This shows that the rectangle search algorithm greatly saves the operation time and has superior performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractal theory, as a new research method, has been widely studied in various fields. Based on fractal theory and edge computing, the numerical simulation of ballistic limit of protective structure is deeply studied in this paper. In this paper, the ballistic limit of spherical aluminum projectiles colliding with Whipple protective structure under the condition of encounter velocity of 1~12 km/S is numerically simulated. By combining the existing experimental data with the data obtained by numerical simulation, the fitted impact limit equation is obtained by multiple linear regression, and the linear relationship of the fitted equation is tested for significance. According to the critical failure kinetic energy discrimination method proposed in this paper, the high-speed impact protection performance evaluation of the above two structures is given, and the experimental verification is carried out in the ballistic range. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. It is proved that the ballistic limit of Whipple protective structure in high-speed region is significantly higher than that predicted by traditional ballistic limit equation, which has reference value for spacecraft protective structure design and spacecraft in-orbit safety analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Space close-range inspection can be used to carry out close-range observation and monitoring of targets for identifying the target's types and working states, which is of great significance for space missions such as in-orbit services. The effectiveness evaluation of space inspection tasks will significantly affect the studies on the trajectory design, orbit motion control, and task termination conditions. However, the evaluation models in previous studies are too simple such as that they are usually without considering dynamic changes in the satellite orbit relative motion. Besides, these studies fail to build a comprehensive evaluation model for the whole inspection task process. In this paper, taking the most commonly used optical inspection as an example, the novel multifactor inspection task effectiveness evaluation models were investigated, including the constraint models of observation, the relative distance evaluation model, the effective observation time evaluation model, and the target observation angle evaluation model. These models solve the effectiveness evaluation problem for the complete process of an inspection task, which can support the design of inspection strategies and trajectories better by using the evaluation results. In addition, numerical simulations and 20 semiphysical experiments were carried out to validate the proposed evaluation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the main hydrogen production devices, the performance of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC) is directly related to the geometric design of the flow channel. In this paper, a new orthogonally sinusoidal channel with periodic fluctuations in both horizontal and vertical planes is proposed. The effects of amplitude and angular frequency in two orthogonally sinusoidal channels with the same or opposite frequency on PEMEC performance are studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the spatial amplitude and angular frequency effectively improve the electrochemical performance and mass transfer performance of PEMEC. Compared with Case 1-1, the polarization performance of Case 7-2 is increased by 16.39% because of the largest spatial amplitude. The oxygen content at 40 mm away from the inlet in the diffusion layer is also decreased by 42.63%. The horizontal angular frequency can increase the hydrogen content by 11.07% at most in Case 5-2. However, the increase in vertical angle frequency will inhibit the oxygen removal on the anode side. The sinusoidal flow channel in orthogonal spaces will provide a particular reference for the design of PEMEC in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the mechanical properties of rock is of great significance for the development of unconventional reservoirs. However, a large number of bedding makes the mechanical laws of rock unclear. To investigate the effect of bedding properties on the uniaxial mechanical properties of rock, the coal model containing bedding is developed based on the continuous–discontinuous method, and the effect of bedding angle, bedding strength, bedding number, and loading rate on the uniaxial mechanical properties of rock is investigated. The failure morphology, stress–strain evolution, peak stress, and fracture degrees are analyzed and discussed in detail. The reliability of the numerical model in this paper has been verified by comparison with the indoor experiments. The results show that when the bedding angle is 0°, the peak stress of the rock is maximum, 8.16 MPa, and when the bedding angle is 90°, the fracture degree of the rock is maximum, 3.74%. For the different bedding strengths, the peak stress first decreases linearly with the decrease of the bedding strength. The peak stress barely varies when the bedding strength is less than 0.5 MPa. The fracture degree of the rock shows a nonlinear increase with the increase in bedding strength. For different bedding numbers, the activation of the bedding is not related to the bedding number. The loading speed also has a great influence on the mechanical properties of rock. With the increase in loading rate, the difficulty of bedding activation gradually increases, and the complexity of fractures gradually increases. This study aims to further improve the understanding of the effect of bedding properties on the uniaxial mechanical properties of rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the distribution characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) events in supporting roadways under different dynamic load conditions through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. According to the principle of AE numerical simulation, the roadway model is established by FLAC3D software, and the supporting structure of the bolt cable is established by editing the Fish function. According to the model dynamic load application criterion, the relationship between the peak velocity of the particle, the distance from the source center to the dynamic impact damage point, and the dynamic load intensity is introduced. The velocity-distance-energy relationship is deduced from the relationship to determine the magnitude of the dynamic load energy. The simulation results show that the intensity of the dynamic load source and the distance of the dynamic load source directly impact the AE events. The larger the dynamic load intensity and the closer to the dynamic load source, the more concentrated the AE events. The roadway has a blocking effect on the transmission of the dynamic load stress waves. According to this characteristic, the roadway can be protected by a high-pressure relief roadway. Rock lithology greatly influences the transmission of dynamic load stress waves and the number of AE events. When the dynamic load stress wave passes through the rock strata of different lithologies, the attenuation of the dynamic load energy and the number of AE events are large. However, when the dynamic load stress wave passes through the rock strata of the same lithology, the attenuation of the dynamic load energy and AE events is small. The surrounding rock structure in the bottom corner area of the roadway is susceptible to disturbance from dynamic load sources above the roadway. The results are greatly significant for studying the AE characteristics of support roadways with disturbance-typeimpact failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College physical education is the most common course type in college students' education. It undertakes the important responsibility of improving students' physical quality. In order to make effective use of teaching curriculum, the evaluation of curriculum reform is the key of research. Based on this, this paper puts forward the evaluation of physical education teaching effect based on grey system theory. This paper expounds the research progress of teaching effect evaluation and then analyzes the grey system theory. In the evaluation, the key of AHP is to control the traditional fuzzy analysis method, which can be optimized by using fuzzy analysis method. At the same time, the grey system theory is used for comprehensive analysis to establish sports teaching scoring index effect. Through the analysis of physical education teaching examples, the effectiveness of grey system theory in evaluating teaching is confirmed. The application of grey system theory in teaching effect evaluation is more intuitive, which can make full use of the existing whitening information and reduce human errors. In addition, it can comprehensively consider the impact of each sample data on the final result to the greatest extent, which is closer to the actual evaluation result than the theoretical fuzzy evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase icing problem is an important research direction in aircraft icing and has received more attention in recent years. The thermodynamic process of the water film after the ice crystals impact on the surface determines the final ice shape, which is an important part of the accurate prediction of aircraft icing. In this paper, a thermodynamic model of ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase icing is proposed based on the extended Messinger model, according to the results of flow field and particle trajectory calculations. In this model, the mass and energy conservation equations of ice crystals, supercooled droplets, and liquid water are considered. The equations take the process of ice crystal adhesion and erosion into account, and the solution method of the equations is given. Ice shapes are calculated under various ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase conditions and compared with experimental results to demonstrate the validity of the numerical method. The effects of ice crystal erosion rate, melting ratio, and adhesion coefficient on the calculation results are analyzed by a numerical method. The results show that the ice crystal erosion rate has little effect on the ice shape, while a larger melting ratio and adhesion coefficient lead to more ice accretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For large-spanshallow-buried tunnels in composite strata of urban metro, the study on the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock pressure is a necessary prerequisite for the reliability analysis of tunnel structure. In this paper, through numerical simulation, the random joint file generated by MATLAB is combined with the discrete element software to establish the corresponding random network model. According to the network model calculation, the influence of surrounding rock pressure on the support structure system is discussed, and the reasonable support parameter types are given. Comparing the whole section excavation with the subsectional excavation, the subsectional excavation can effectively control the internal stress self-adjustment of the surrounding rock and effectively restrain the plastic zone. It provides some theoretical guidance and reference for tunnel reliability design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finite element method is an important method to solve mathematical problems in engineering. Many mathematical equations are difficult to solve, but it becomes very simple after using the finite element method. In this paper, the finite element method is applied to the calculation of gravity anomaly. First, the variational equation of gravity anomaly calculation is established, and then the gravity anomaly value ten times the distance away from the anomaly body is used as the boundary condition. By comparing the gravity anomaly obtained by solving the stiffness matrix with the analytical solution, it can be found that the method in this paper has high accuracy. Finally, the model of Jinchuan copper nickel deposit is used for calculation, and the calculated gravity anomaly field is inverted with Growth3D. It can be found that the inversion result is very close to the model, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous advancement of smart agriculture, the introduction of robots for intelligent harvesting in modern agriculture is one of the crucial methods for the picking of fruits, vegetables, and melons. In this paper, three different illuminations, including front lighting, normal lighting, and back lighting, are first applied to citrus based on the computer vision technology. Secondly, the image data of the fruits, fruit stems, and leaves of the citrus are collected. The color component distributions of citrus based on different color models are analyzed according to the corresponding characteristic values, and an exploratory data analysis process for the image data of citrus is established. In addition, 300 citrus images are selected, and the citrus fruits are segmented from the background through the simulation experiment. The results of the study indicate that the recognition rate for the maturity of citrus has exceeded 98%, which has proved the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the effect of bank interest rate volatility analysis, this article combines actual conditions and machine learning algorithms to construct a fluctuation analysis model of bank interest rate based on computer statistical model and machine learning. For the data with system transformation, the data contains stationary and nonstationary processes; so, the power of the standard unit root test is low. This paper therefore proposes a new unit root test method. From demand analysis, system design to system implementation, and testing, advanced software engineering-related ideas are adopted, and the bank's interest rate management system is designed and implemented in strict accordance with software development-related processes. This paper adopts the modular design idea, classifies the functions to be realized according to their content, and conducts structural verification and performance analysis of the functional modules. Through experimental analysis, we can see that the system model constructed in this paper has certain effects in the analysis of interest rate fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the distribution network faults, single-phase grounding faults have the greatest probability. The faults are often accompanied by arcs in the grounding point soil. This type of fault current has a small amplitude and seldom can obtain field record data. A soil arc grounding fault is tested on a realistic-distribution-network-experimental-platform (RDNEP), and it is concluded that the soil-arc-grounding-fault (SAGF) has three main characteristics: hysteresis, nonlinearity, and asymmetry. By comparing with the characteristics of common arc models, it is pointed out that common arc models cannot accurately fit the characteristics of SAGF. This paper proposes and establishes a double exponential function arc model. Through the comparison of simulation waveforms with experimental data, it is verified that the numerical simulation method proposed in this paper can simulate the development process of SAGF more accurately. Furthermore, the equivalence of RDNEP is verified on the real distribution network system (RDNS). On this basis, analyzed the arc characteristic changes of different SAGF development cycles. Finally, by studying the applicability of the proposed model in simulating ground faults in grass and gravel roads, it is verified that the model proposed in this paper has a strong generalization capability. The research has laid a theoretical foundation for a detection algorithm that is based on the characteristics of SAGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While promoting the development of the Internet of Things, cloud-fog hybrid computing faces severe information security risks. The intrusion detection system deployed in the fog node has lower latency but needs to be more lightweight. In response to the abovementioned problems, this paper proposes a lightweight intrusion detection model based on ConvNeXt-Sf. First, the two-dimensional structure of the latest computer vision model ConvNeXt is reduced to a one-dimensional sequence. Then, the design criteria of the lightweight computer vision model ShuffleNet V2 are used to improve ConvNeXt to make the latter more lightweight. Finally, the max-min normalization and label encoder are built into the data preprocessing model to convert the network traffic into a form conducive to ConvNeXt learning. The proposed model is evaluated on the TON-IoT and BoT-IoT datasets. The params of ConvNeXt-Sf are only 1.25% of that of ConvNeXt. Compared with the ConvNeXt, the ConvNeXt-Sf shortens the training time and prediction time by 82.63% and 56.48%, respectively, without reducing the learning capability and detection capability. Compared with the traditional models, the accuracy of the proposed model is increased by 6.18%, and the FAR is decreased by 4.49%. Compared with other lightweight models, the ShuffleNet V2 is better at making ConvNeXt lightweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the influence of bedding structure on the mechanical properties of rock mass structure, this paper takes the layered carbonaceous slate in the Muzhailing tunnel as the research object, and studies the mechanical properties of layered slate under uniaxial compression and Brazilian splitting. In the numerical simulation, the discrete element software MUSEN (bonded particle model, BPM) is used to simulate the failure behavior of layered rock mass in the process of quasi-static compression. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the relationship between the microscopic Young's modulus and the macroscopic Young's modulus. (2) Influence of tangential shear strength and normal tensile strength on particle model. (3) The influence of different particle distributions on the simulation results. (4) The particle model with different bedding inclinations was simulated numerically. Through the comparative analysis of simulation and experiment, the results show that the mechanical response and failure mode have good consistency, and the splitting evolution process of layered slate with different bedding inclination angles is reproduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The proportion of groundwater‐related diseases in the operational high‐speed railway tunnels in China is increasing and rapid and accurate disease monitoring is urgently needed. Therefore, it is a new attempt to monitor 5‐ to 10‐m water‐bearing anomalies in operating tunnel structures by using train‐borne transient electromagnetic method. The stationary interference source train tracks in the tunnel environment have serious electromagnetic interference to the monitoring of water‐bearing anomalies. Thus, this paper combines numerical simulations and indoor experiments to carry out research on the minimum water‐bearing anomalies that can be monitored at such close distances by train‐borne transient electromagnetic method under electromagnetic interference from train tracks. First, a comparative study of the electromagnetic characteristics of the water‐bearing anomalies when their own parameters change is carried out by numerical simulation, followed by a comparative analysis of the electromagnetic response of the water‐bearing anomalies under the interference of train tracks. For the missing electromagnetic response of the coil‐metal‐anomaly in the numerical simulation, a full‐scale physical model experiment is conducted to obtain the time range of the three interferences. Also in the experiments, the feasibility of existing instruments for close range water‐bearing anomalies detection is verified by comparing different transient electromagnetic instruments. Finally, the minimum water‐bearing anomalies that can be monitored in close proximity under the interference of train tracks are obtained experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equipped with two power sources, the dual-driving powertrain system for pure electric vehicles has a driving mode different from traditional electric vehicles. Under the premise that the structural form of the transmission system remains unchanged, the following transmission schemes can be adopted for double drive electric vehicles according to the demand power: the main and auxiliary electric transmission scheme (two motors are driven separately with dual-motor coupling drive), the transmission scheme in which the two motors always maintain coupling drive, and the speed-regulating type electric transmission scheme (the main motor is always responsible for driving, and the auxiliary motor is responsible for speed regulation). Therefore, a significant difference exists in the design methods of the power transmission system of double drive electric vehicles and existing vehicles. As for such differences, this paper adopts intelligent algorithm to design the parameters of the transmission system and introduces the genetic algorithm into the optimization design of parameters to obtain the optimal vital parameters of the power transmission system based on computer simulation. The prototype car used in this paper is a self-owned brand car; MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to build the vehicle simulation model, which is used for the computer simulation analysis of the vehicle dynamic performance and economy. It can be seen from the analysis result that the system parameters obtained by using the global optimization method proposed in this study can improve the vehicle dynamic performance and economic performance to varying degrees, which proves the efficiency and feasibility of the optimization method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents synchronization of mixed continuous-discrete complex network via impulse-quantizing approach. A delay-partitioning group strategy is proposed and impulse-quantizing control is designed to derive theoretical criteria ensuring scale-type synchronization of complex networks. Our results show that synchronization of mixed continuous-discrete complex networks can be realized by controlling delay-partitioning subgroup nodes with impulsive quantization. The theoretical results give scale-limited sufficient conditions for quantized synchronization relying on control gains, impulsive intervals, and delays. A numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale space structure during on-orbit assembly is a time-varying system. The dynamic modeling problem of such incrementally increasing space structure is investigated, and a modular dynamic modeling approach is proposed in this paper. The dynamic model of each substructure is first established, and then, a database is designed to store substructure models, which is used for subsequent dynamic modeling in the assembly process. The fixed connection relationship between adjacent substructures is described by constraint conditions, which lead to the coefficient matrices of adjacent substructures being decoupled. The substructures are assembled in a given sequence, and then, the dynamic modeling, to describe the large-scale space structure on-orbit assembly, is gradually completed via using the proposed modeling approach. The numerical simulation is finally presented. The results demonstrate that the extra calculation resulting from the coefficient matrices coupling of adjacent substructures is avoided. Moreover, the proposed dynamic model can accurately describe the dynamic characteristics of the large-scale space structure during on-orbit assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are considered vital to the promotion of the development of renewable energy. Especially, floating OWTs can be deployed over a larger area than bottom-fixed OWTs. The floating OWTs, however, are vulnerable to vibration induced by disturbances and require a backup power supply in the case of power outage. On the one hand, various kinds of inerter-based devices have been proposed especially for vibration suppression of civil structures subjected to earthquake loadings. Recently, combined with electromagnetic devices, the inerter technologies have also been applied in the field of vibration energy harvesting such as point absorber wave energy converters. Thus, this paper proposes a novel floating OWT consisting of two bodies combined with inerter-based power take-off (PTO) devices which accomplishes vibration suppression and wave energy conversion at the same time. To investigate the vibration suppression and energy conversion capabilities of the proposed floating OWT with a variety of inerter-based PTO devices for ocean waves, numerical simulation studies employing WEC-Sim are conducted, and the performance of each system is compared for regular and irregular waves. Results show that the proposed floating OWT with the appropriately designed inerter-based PTO devices for the incident wave period has great potential for both vibration suppression and wave energy conversion in a specific frequency range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]