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The change of urban cultural space layout is a multi-variable, multi-objective, and restricted research process. The optimization of urban cultural space construction and layout is a multi-objective decision-making problem that needs to be solved urgently. Based on the forward three-layer neural network theory, this paper constructs an optimization model for the construction and layout of urban cultural space evaluation of the layout of cultural space. This paper first analyzes the feasibility of combining the forward three-layer neural network model with the optimization and adjustment of cultural space layout structure. Taking the three-layer feedforward network as an example, the structure optimization model based on the forward three-layer neural network is selected, and the established model is used to reflect the internal environment of the objective world. Structure and perform dynamic simulation. In the process of simulation modeling, from the aspects of system description, model structure, logical analysis, reasoning, and interpretation, two effective computer dynamic simulation methods, namely, forward three-layer neural network model and system dynamics SD model, were carried out for theoretical comparison and identification. The experimental results show that the feasibility and calculation error of the application of the optimization model are relatively good, reaching 0.897 and 6.21%, respectively. The number of newly added cultural spaces and the expansion speed show an increasing trend, expanding at an average annual speed of about 35 km2, effectively increasing the quality of regional planning and construction layout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the construction effect of intelligent buildings, this paper combines the BIM digital twin technology to construct the overall structure of the building construction operation and maintenance system driven by the BIM digital twin. Moreover, this paper conducts intelligent simulation of the construction process of the building and combines the construction process of the intelligent building to apply the BIM digital twin technology to the construction management of the intelligent building. In addition, this paper uses BIM to simulate the construction process. After the construction management plan is developed, BIM can be used to simulate the construction, find the problems in the construction, and formulate a reliable construction management plan in time. Through simulation experiment research, it can be known that the intelligent building construction management model based on BIM digital twin proposed in this paper can help the deployment of intelligent building construction process in many aspects and help improve the efficiency of building construction management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed a hybrid approach for the identification of encrypted traffic based on advanced mathematical modeling and computational intelligence. Network traffic identification is the premise and foundation of improving network management, service quality, and application security. It is also the focus of network behavior analysis, network planning and construction, network anomaly detection, and network traffic model research. With the increase in user and service requirements, many applications use encryption algorithms to encrypt traffic during data transmission. As a result, traditional traffic classification methods classify encrypted traffic on the network, which brings great difficulties and challenges to network monitoring and data mining. In our article, a nonlinear modified DBN method is proposed and applied to encrypted traffic identification. Firstly, based on Deep Belief Networks (DBN), this paper introduces the proposed Eodified Elliott (ME)-DBN model, analyzes the function image, and presents the ME-DBN learning algorithm. Secondly, this article designs an encrypted traffic recognition model based on the ME-DBN model. Feature extraction is carried out by training the ME-DBN model, and finally, classification and recognition are carried out by the classifier. The experimental results on the ISCX VPN-non-VPN database show that the MEDBN method proposed in this article can enhance the classification and recognition rate and has better robustness to encrypt traffic recognition from different software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In bygone days, the way to deal with traditional villages in developing new cities in China was often to overturn them and replace the original environment with the built-up urban environment, causing constructive destruction to the traditions and cultures. According to the new village transformation requirements, the planning and construction of villages must be shaped with their own cultural and humanistic characteristics of the habitat requirements. It does not favor demolishing large constructions by implementing a different environment. A traditional village is an essential spatial framework to retain the "mark" of the local characteristics of the new city. It can be an essential element in shaping the individual characteristics of the village by realizing the diversity of spatial forms and regional cultural connotations of the new village. Therefore, this paper proposes a new village transformation model based on traditional villages' social, economic, and spatial patterns, combined with a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm named multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). The model transforms the village based on the required optimum resource allocation with the global solution. The experiment shows that the proposed model suits village renovation and modernization. The work is a step toward the advancements and betterment of rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of complex extraction caused by large feature dimension of remote sensing data, this paper proposes a dimension compression extraction method of urban building land remote sensing data under BIM Technology. Firstly, the remote sensing data is imported into the BIM model for lightweight processing to obtain the element information required for urban construction land and then analyze the urban construction land data, extract the key elements of BIM Technology through semantic filtering, and use the triangulation method to transform the remote sensing data into the triangulation model that can be processed by GIS model. Finally, the random projection method is used to reduce the dimension and compress the remote sensing data, and the remote sensing data extraction of urban construction land is realized through dictionary learning, vocabulary coding, and feature extraction. The experimental results show that the accuracy of extracting different land use types by this method is more than 99%, while the accuracy of extracting different land use types by depth learning method and PLS method is less than 98.5%. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of the image extracted by this method is significantly higher than that by depth learning method and PLS method. Conclusion. This method can effectively compress and extract the urban construction land in the remote sensing data, and the extraction accuracy of remote sensing data is high. It provides a technical basis for the approval of urban construction planning. It has the advantages of simple feature extraction and effective differentiation of ground objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analyzing the historical background of the times and summarizing the current situation of urban development research at home and abroad, we find that there is a lack of theoretical and practical research related to intelligent park cities. Therefore, this paper first starts with the connotation of park city theory, focuses on the improvement of planning methods, and studies the application paths of big data technology in the planning and construction of park cities. Taking Jinzhai Country as the research object, this paper further illustrates the applicability of this research method at the macrolevel. In the context of the park city, we analyze the problems of the current status of city construction in general and explore the path of "planning concept first, big data-assisted design" for innovative and intelligent city construction. According to the study, the overlook corridor control has an impact on the building height. In terms of landscape protection, overlook system simulation is the other key factor. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process is the basis for development intensity control. The results show that big data technology can assist in the landscape conservation, morphology formation, and efficient operation of Jinzhai Country Park City. Our aim is to achieve the protection and utilization of its ecological environment and natural resources and thus to comprehensively coordinate the multidimensional urban spaces and build a park city model. As an urban development model that meets the requirements of being "people-oriented, efficient, green, and aesthetic" in the new stage, park cities need to be faced by researchers in order to further realize the overall city goal and vision for the whole society to be smart. It also provides relevant design ideas and methods for the planning and construction of park cities in other similar cities or regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, long-distance freight transport is shifting towards multimodal transport, the combination of multiple freight transport modes. Multimodal transport enables enterprises with the same logistics function to operate on the same level of the supply chain. Through horizontal cooperation, these enterprises can give play to their advantages, make up their deficiencies, improve service levels, reduce cost input, and thereby enhance market status. Therefore, multimodal transport is an intensive development model that promotes the alliance between giants. The reasonable path design and planning (PDP) and investment and construction mode (ICM) of the multimodal transport network help freight demanders, as well as multimodal freight transport platforms, obtain the maximum profit. Therefore, this paper explores the PDP and ICM of the multimodal transport network based on big data analysis. Firstly, the influencing factors and behavioral features of multimodal transport were deeply examined, drawing on the logit model and the big data on multiple freight services, namely, railway transport, highway transport, waterway transport, and airway transport. After classifying the freights, the authors analyzed the modeling and decision-making of path design and optimization (PDO) for multimodal transport network. The proposed model was proved effective through experiments. This paper theoretically explores the goals, principles, and needs of path selection in the modern transportation industry. In a realistic sense, the research findings help decision-makers optimize their decisions on the multimodal transport network and operate the network at the minimum transport cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio astronomy is a discipline of dynamics and wonders. The vast universe has many secrets to unravel. As one of the important facilities in this discipline, radio telescopes play a key role in collecting astronomical data and unraveling mysteries. With the demand of radio astronomy for a higher frequency, wider bandwidth, higher gain, and higher pointing accuracy, the aperture of the radio telescope is gradually increasing, and its electrical performance and structure have become tightly coupled. Therefore, how to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the telescope for the long-term operation has become the urgent demand for large aperture high-performance radio telescopes. Therefore, this paper firstly makes a comparison of the overall condition of large radio telescopes in nearly a decade that are both constructed and operated, including the progress of radio telescopes that are being constructed and the planning for construction. Then, systematically summarized the latest research progress of electromechanical coupling technology from 3 aspects of connotation and application of electromechanical coupling, and performance guarantee under slowly varying load and performance guarantee under rapidly varying load from the perspectives of design, manufacturing, and observation operating. Lastly, the future research direction of electromechanical coupling technology is pointed out according to the development trend of radio astronomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sustainable development of the human settlements (HS) has become a global universal program. The comparison of cities in different countries is of great significance to provide international experience for future urban construction. Combined with the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this paper establishes an evaluation index system for the sustainable development ability of urban HS and constructs a three-dimensional research framework of "development-coordination-sustainability," which compares the sustainable development ability of the HS of Dalian, China, and Kobe, Japan, from 2005 to 2018 and explores the spatial evolution characteristics and obstacle factors of the HS of the two cities. The results show that (1) the development degree of the HS of the two cities is on the rise. The development level of Kobe is always higher than that of Dalian, and the gap is gradually narrowing; Kobe has advantages in natural and residential environment, while Dalian has advantages in cultural and economic environment. (2) The coordination degree of the development of the HS of the two cities has improved steadily, and the coordination degree of Kobe is better than that of Dalian. (3) The sustainability of the development of the HS of the two cities is fluctuating, and the average sustainable growth rate of Dalian is higher than that of Kobe. (4) The sustainable development space of the HS in Dalian presents a pattern of "high in the south and low in the north," and the spatial characteristics of the subsystems are different; the main obstacles have changed from economic-natural to economic-natural-cultural-public services, and the obstacles to development in districts are different. (5) The sustainable development space of the HS in Kobe has a high level of development in the southeast, radiating to the surrounding area, and the spatial characteristics of the subsystems are different; the main obstacles have changed from economic-cultural-natural to economic-natural-population, and the obstacles to development in districts are different. Finally, it puts forward targeted suggestions for the sustainable construction of Dalian. This paper can provide methodological reference for quantitative assessment of the sustainable development of HS and provide policy reference for scientific planning of the construction of HS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an evaluation method based on a T-S fuzzy neural network for evaluating the speed grade of public-transport lines in the context of large-scale rail-transit planning and construction in Hangzhou. The six-dimensional data of morning peak/evening peak average speed, average speed at peak, average station distance, proportion of dedicated lanes, and nonlinear coefficients were selected as input data for the neural network to output the operating speed grade of bus lines. Improving and optimizing the membership function of the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) model improves its predicted result accuracy compared to a traditional T-S model. The line data of 28 typical trunk lines or expressways in Hangzhou were used as an example; the results demonstrate that the speed grade evaluation method based on an improved T-S fuzzy neural network can effectively and quickly evaluate the speed grade of Hangzhou public-transportation lines. This paper presents a novel analysis and method for large-scale rail-transit planning and evaluation of urban public-transport lines. The aim is to provide practical instruction for the subsequent optimization of public-transportation lines in Hangzhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core technology in the field of mobile robots, the development of robot obstacle avoidance technology substantially enhances the running stability of robots. Built on path planning or guidance, most existing obstacle avoidance methods underperform with low efficiency in complicated and unpredictable environments. In this paper, we propose an obstacle avoidance method with a hierarchical controller based on deep reinforcement learning, which can realize more efficient adaptive obstacle avoidance without path planning. The controller, with multiple neural networks, contains an action selector and an action runner consisting of two neural network strategies and two single actions. Action selectors and each neural network strategy are separately trained in a simulation environment before being deployed on a robot. We validated the method on wheeled robots. More than 200 tests yield a success rate of up to 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data visualization is in a process of constant change, the edge is constantly expanding, and information can be conveyed with the help of graphic technology. This article aims to study the Hainan port logistics supply chain and its flexible operation mechanism of digital visualization remote control and hopes that through the blessing of remote control technology, the port's ability to deal with the external environment will be improved. Based on the theory of logistics service availability of supply line flexibility, this paper constructs the evaluation of Hainan port logistics service supply chain flexibility; logistics flexibility refers to the ability of an enterprise to respond quickly and effectively to changes in customer demand for transportation, delivery, and services. Logistics flexibility includes four important elements: logistics supply flexibility, procurement flexibility, distribution flexibility, and demand management flexibility. Using the concept of two-level planning to build a port collection and distribution network optimization model in the supply chain environment and analyze related examples to find the best route for port transportation, the attributes related to port flexibility are selected from the perspectives of strategic flexibility, system flexibility, service provider flexibility, and organizational flexibility. The test outcomes of this document show the radiation capacity of Haikou port is relatively strong, the proportion of people who think it is excellent is 60%, and the proportion of people who think that the radiation ability of Haikou Port is good is 20%. Haikou Port has a good resource utilization capacity; 70% think its resource utilization rate is good, and 20% think its resource utilization is very good. Haikou Port's response capability is relatively average compared to Kia's capability, and even 10% of people think that Haikou Port's response capability is very average, so Haikou Port needs to strengthen training for port response capabilities. According to the operating flexibility data, the informatization development of Haikou Port is showing a good level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuing increase of people's living standards, tourism has now become the primary mode of holiday and leisure activity. Scientific and reasonable route planning can best meet people's essential needs, provide detailed planning in terms of travel time and cost, resolve the impact of various external factors, and realize the complementary benefits of scenic tourism while ensuring that each factor configuration is optimized. External factors such as trip time, cost, travel date, and transport mode all have an impact on route planning. In order to develop a mathematical model and gather other information, it is frequently essential to determine two or more of these influencing elements. The ideal plan for the influencing elements is to first develop an optimal self-driving trip route that meets all of the requirements. This strategy is becoming increasingly popular among the general public, and it focuses on how to spend the least amount of money in order to visit more tourist attractions, construct the most reasonable routes, and provide circumstances for tourists to save time and money. The purpose of this study is to examine the topic of self-driving travel route planning and to suggest the creation of a route planning model. In this paper, a self-driving journey route planning model is built using a recurrent neural network model. The driving route is designed with a high-speed priority strategy, and the travel route selection problem takes into account the consumption condition as well as the quantity of scenic sites. The developed model is used to optimize self-driving trip routes, and the results are promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the progress of urbanization, urban management is facing a series of challenges in the new situation. The scale of the city is growing, urban management problems are increasingly prominent, the urban population is showing a rapid growth trend, and various elements of urban infrastructure management, such as rapid growth and urban expansion, have increased the load of urban infrastructure. To make overall planning for urban transportation, municipal administration, economic industry, and public service, intelligent urban planning and construction came into being. Big data technology provides important support for the construction and development of smart city, which is not only an effective means to improve the design of smart city, but also the premise for the development of smart city. Therefore, this paper first introduces the characteristics of smart city, analyses the application of big data technology in smart city design, and finally evaluates the impact of smart city planning and construction based on big data on economic and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional civil engineering industry, only abstract theoretical concepts are applied to express complex realistic contents, but this method of information transmission is sometimes very limited for engineering participants, because its expression is not comprehensive and specific and also makes the recipients have difficulty in understanding its information. The rise and development of virtual reality (VR) technology has become a good assistant to overcome this difficulty, providing an extremely effective means for displaying and simulating civil engineering project in real time. This paper introduced the methods and principles of VR platform system and structure dynamic analysis, conducted virtual scene design and three-dimensional modeling of civil engineering project, analyzed the synthetic debugging and simulation roaming of the virtual environment, proposed the engineering model of virtual construction process and planning structure calculation, discussed the realization method of virtual project management and visualization, and finally performed the simulation and its result analysis of panoramic display and planning of civil engineering project based on VR technology. The results show that the VR technology can simulate various environments and activities of civil engineering projects in advance, analyze the rationality of various schemes, and modify their different functional parameters, so it can achieve the simulation optimization of project planning, design, and construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban shallow tunnelling process in silty soil is easy to cause large displacement of surface and tunnel. Obviously, if the strata and the tunnel face are not treated by reasonable reinforcement method, instability and collapse phenomenon will be encountered during the tunnel excavation. There are a series of studies on construction methods of shallow tunnels, but these methods have limitations in silty soil. In this study, a comprehensive construction plan of the urban shallow tunnel in silty soil was proposed and applied to a case study in Fuzhou, Fujian Province in South China. The in situ monitoring tests and numerical simulation were employed to address displacement characteristics of surface and tunnel. Results indicated that the urban shallow tunnelling process could achieve good effect by dewatering of silty soil, reinforcing surface by vertical jet grouting piles, and advanced small pipes and circumferential grouting in the tunnel face; surface settlement during dewatering process accounted for about 30% of total surface settlement in silty soil; the excavation of the top heading, the middle, and lower benches had great effect on displacement of surface and tunnel for three-bench seven-step excavation method in silty soil; surface settlement troughs in silty soil were deeper and wider; lock-feet bolts had good effect on restricting horizontal convergence; and ratio of total crown settlement and total horizontal convergence was in range of 1.43∼1.59 when b/h was 0.88 in silty soil. The construction plan proposed in this paper is helpful for further study of shallow tunnel tunnelling process in silty soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheel-track hybrid mobile robot has been widely used because of its high autonomous mobility and its ability to adapt to complex and changeable outdoor environment. Map construction and path planning are the main conditions to achieve its autonomous mobility. Therefore, a wheel-track hybrid robot path planning has been designed and implemented. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms are used to process the road images captured by the robot's camera and other sensors. A rapid raster map with Robot Operating System (ROS) was constructed by rapid recognition of key elements from the images with the help of the Oriented Fast and Rotated Brief (ORB) feature vector. The ant colony algorithm with strong optimization ability, high optimization efficiency, and flexible algorithm is used for path planning, and the problem of unfixed location of outdoor obstacles is solved at the same time. The simulation results show that the global performance and convergence speed of the improved algorithm are increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuation of human civilization is inseparable from the development and construction of rural areas, and infrastructure is the core of rural development. China has been building large-scale rural infrastructure in recent years. Rural infrastructure building, for example, is huge in both quantity and scope, but it is beset by challenges in its current construction and development, and it urgently requires suitable leadership. Planning assessment, as a technical method, can identify problems in regional development and is a powerful tool for evaluating the impact of planning and construction and promoting the development of complete new areas. This paper is aimed at the planning evaluation of rural construction and the evaluation of rural construction and guides the planning and implementation of the next step of rural construction, to assist China's supervision and inspection of rural construction effect and promote rural construction and development into a good track. In view of the low accuracy and efficiency of the current evaluation model of rural planning and the problem that a single neural network easily produces local extreme value, the neural network method is improved, and the application of LM-BP neural network in the evaluation model of rural planning is proposed. Input sample elements are five factors affecting rural construction, including industrial construction, population distribution, and utilization rate of large-scale facilities, construction of public facilities, and promotion effect of supporting policies. Output sample is the evaluation result. On this foundation, the LM-BP neural network was used to convert the training into a least square problem, and the LM method was used to redefine the number of hidden layer nodes, resulting in the construction of a rural planning evaluation model based on the LM-BP neural network. This approach is used to determine the outcomes of rural planning evaluations. The experimental results show that the designed evaluation model has a small evaluation error, has the advantage of high accuracy compared with similar models, and is a reliable evaluation model for rural planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic viability of sand in the construction industry depends on its size, shape, shell content, etc. It is imperative to understand the proportions of sand subclasses and shell content in sand sediment while planning exploration and mining. The existing sediment classifications (Particle Size Distribution Classifications) based on Sand‐Silt‐Clay (SSC) or Gravel‐Sand‐Mud (GSM) of different authors have not addressed these issues and it remains as a gap area till now. Hence, a new physicochemical classification ("Sand Types") of sand that falls in the "sand fields" of SSC plots pertaining to two famous authors is being proposed. The freeware program "Sand Types" developed for plotting types of sand in the ternary diagram helps to plot the data in a triangular diagram and identify their physicochemical properties. The program also offers conditional strings that are prepared based on the proposed classification and are coupled with that of SSC classifications. These conditional strings work in ArcGIS10.x platform for the preparation of sediment distribution maps with meaningful information. This would enable construction industry/end‐users to plan and execute detailed exploration and mining programs at great ease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the development of construction industry, more scientific, systematic, fast, and intelligent calculation methods are needed to coordinate urban development and fierce market competition, and mathematical algorithm library plays an important role in artificial intelligence. Therefore, the author uses computer mathematical algorithm and extension theory to study and analyze the residential building design and intelligent data mining. It is found that the research of the computer-aided expression method of extension building planning is mainly the expression of the input and output system of extension building planning. It includes knowledge representation, system outline design, system flow, and interface expression based on the mathematical database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated Planning has been successfully used in many domains like robotics or transportation logistics. However, building an action model is a difficult and time-consuming task even for domain experts. This paper presents a system, asra - amla, for automatically generating planning action models from sensor readings. Activity recognition is used to extract the actions that a user performs and the states produced by those actions. Then, the sequences of actions and states are used to infer a planning action model. With this approach, the system can automatically build an action model related to human-centered activities. It allows us to automatically build an assistance system for guiding humans to complete a task using Automated Planning. To test our approach, a new dataset from a kitchen domain has been generated. The tests performed show that our system is capable of extracting actions and states correctly from sensor time series and creating a planning domain used to guide a human to complete a task correctly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time and accurate compaction quality monitoring is one of the key steps in the pavement construction. In this study, the effect of roller passes and temperature on the compactness of asphalt mixtures and its uniformity is discussed using the semivariance function. Further, the indoor asphalt mixture gyratory compaction test was carried out based on the embedded SmartRock sensor, with the aim of monitoring the changes in rotation and contact forces between aggregates. In addition, the effect of temperature on the dynamic response of SmartRock is discussed, and the compaction mechanism of asphalt mixtures is investigated from a microscopic scale. It is found that compaction degree and uniformity are not always positively correlated with the number of roller passes and that excessive compaction leads to a decrease in compaction effect; meanwhile, the variation in the compactness of asphalt mixtures can be characterized by the dynamic response of SmartRock, which providing a feasible method for real-time monitoring of the compaction process and optimization of the construction plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual reality technology (VR) has been widely used in education and teaching, but the results of a large number of experimental studies on the impact of VR on students' technical skill learning are not consistent. In this study, a meta-analysis method was used to conduct in-depth quantitative analysis of 32 experimental or quasi-experimental research literatures based on virtual reality in the past 20 years. The results showed that: (1) virtual reality technology has a moderately positive effect on the learning of technical skills of science and engineering college students (SMD = 0.363); (2) the effect of VR on cognitive strategies (SMD = 0.487) was significantly greater than that of mental skills (SMD = 0.275) for technical skills under different measurement dimensions. (3) Different test periods, previous experience levels, and auxiliary methods have different degrees of positive influence on improving students' technical skills, among which the 40-60 minutes experiment period (SMD = 0.484) has the greatest influence on the improvement of technical skills. According to the research conclusions, we suggest to make an overall planning for the construction of VR enabling teaching application scenarios and create a human-machine collaborative interactive teaching model of "theory+VR simulation+feedback" based on flow theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with identifying the accident blackspots and the influencing factors causing accidents using factored analysis in a medium-sized city (Tirunelveli) in India. From the literature review, the geospatial technique to identify the blackspots and the factors causing accidents was used for analysis. The most influencing factors driving the accidents were identified and ranked based on the repetitive occurrence of accidents in the blackspot area. The spearman ranking system showed the correlation among the factors causing accidents. The factor analysis technique was utilized to identify the key factors driving the repetitive accidents and group them. This study will help transportation planners understand the factors causing accidents and take appropriate measures to reduce the casualties in the road construction planning stage and existing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of municipal road engineering is a complex system engineering, and its internal components are interconnected and mutually restricted, and the relationship is intricate. The quality of its construction plan directly affects the realization of the project's quality, safety, environment, progress, cost, and other goals, and the project construction plan occupies an important position in the construction of the project. The selection of construction plans for municipal road projects involves a wide range of areas. According to the characteristics of specific municipal road engineering projects, it is very important to establish a scientific construction scheme intelligent generation model and select the optimal construction scheme suitable for the project from many feasible construction schemes, which has very important theoretical research value and practical application value. After analyzing the knowledge characteristics of road construction technology and the content of road construction schemes, this study decomposes the knowledge of road construction schemes into two parts: case characteristics and solutions. Then, according to the needs of case retrieval technology, the data storage form of each subdivision index is proposed and the value range is explained, and a complete structure form of the road construction scheme case database is formed. Combined with actual engineering cases, the feasibility and applicability of the intelligent generation method of the road construction scheme based on the KNN algorithm is confirmed, which provides a new idea for the automation of road construction scheme preparation and the improvement of the scheme application effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the spatial layout ability of ecological buildings under the background of rural revitalization, a multiobjective planning and decision-making model for the spatial layout of ecological buildings is constructed. Based on the visual impact detection of ecological building space, a three-dimensional rendering model is established. The block matrix matching and boundary contour parameter analysis methods are used to plan and design the layout boundary feature points, and the wavelet scale decomposition method is used to analyze the mixed tone of the layout image. Based on this, a multiobjective planning decision-making model for the spatial layout of ecological buildings is established, based on which the spatial layout design scheme of ecological buildings is output to realize the spatial layout planning of ecological buildings. The simulation results show that the spatial layout of ecological buildings using this method is more reasonable, and the expression ability of ecological aesthetics is stronger, which has a good application value in rural planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the rapid development of urban traffic, the small clearance interchange tunnel has always been a difficult problem for heavy-duty railways, so special requirements are also put forward for materials. Bainite steel with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties is considered to replace traditional high manganese, the best material for steel. This article first improves the process of the material and analyzes the structural dynamics of the material through different isothermal cooling to analyze the different performances of the material on the heavy-duty railway. Using traditional theoretical data analysis, theoretical data calculation, numerical analysis simulation, and on-site engineering monitoring technical means is to complement the construction of the soft rock underground tunnel in the subway section at the intersection of the small clear distance line to the existing surrounding rock tunnel wall in the section. The degree of deformation affects the change law, and the related technical issues of engineering control are analyzed. Finally, the control measures of full-face grouting reinforcement with steel flower pipes and the final construction plan of constructing the left line, right line, and undercut section in sequence are proposed. FLAC numerical simulation software was used to complete the feasibility evaluation of the control measures for the deformation of the ground and lining induced by the construction of the cross tunnel. The results show that the maximum deformation of the ground surface is reduced by 35.4% compared with no control measures, and the longitudinal deformation range of the ground surface and the vault is reduced by 28.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese traditional villages, as the space carriers of Chinese excellent traditional culture, are a nonrenewable cultural heritage with rich value connotations. The primary consideration for the protection of the authenticity of traditional villages as a historical and cultural heritage is the continuation of spatial authenticity. The inheritance and shaping of traditional characteristics requires the study of the laws of traditional villages' spatial form. Spatial texture is an important landscape resource for traditional villages, and it is also a space carrier to display and carry the historical and cultural characteristics of the village. However, the current practice of village planning and construction has destroyed this original spatial texture, resulting in a rupture of the inheritance of traditional characteristics of village space. The fundamental reason lies in the lack of emphasis on the subjectivity and regularity of village space and the lack of quantitative analysis and planning application of the inherent laws of spatial texture. Based on the integration of inheritance and transformation, this research proposes to use the advantages of digitization, visualization, and dynamics in parametric technology to quantitatively analyze the internal laws of the village spatial texture and assist the planning and design of the village spatial texture, in order to effectively promote the benign inheritance and optimization of the traditional characteristics of the village spatial texture which makes the planned spatial texture both traditional and modern. The research results show that (1) the parametric-based planning technology can better analyze the existing laws of the village spatial texture in a comprehensive, quantitative, and precise manner. (2) The parametric technology has a relatively high value in the planning and design of the village spatial texture. Due to strong applicability, it can invert the spatial form of the village and optimize the planning scheme by adjusting parameters and rules. (3) Although the parametric planning and design party has certain artificial intelligence, it cannot completely replace the human brain. The planning scheme generated by the method cannot be directly applied but can be used to assist the design scheme. It needs to be adjusted and corrected via the subjective initiative of people and wider participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The society is making continuous progress, and the results of urban planning and construction are obvious to all. However, there are still many problems in the planning and construction of villages and towns, resulting in relatively backward development. The purpose of this article is to study the planning of ecological villages and towns and the design of green buildings from the perspective of rural environmental aesthetics. This article briefly introduces the principles and problems of ecological village planning through literature research and investigation and puts forward some suggestions on ecological village planning. Through investigation and experiment, the energy problem, structural material problem, and planning problem in green building design are analyzed. The results show that due to various limitations, the use and promotion of solar energy are blocked. Only by helping farmers solve their difficulties can clean energy be used in green buildings and the burning of straw be reduced. Nationwide, the proportion of brick-concrete structures, brick-wood structures, and reinforced concrete structures in rural housing reached 57.2%, 26%, and 12.5%, respectively. Many rural buildings pursue reinforced concrete structures, but brick and wood structures may be more suitable for most rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the background of the reconstruction project from Changqing Chenzhuang-Pingyin section of G220 east-deep line in China, a special tunnel structure and construction plan was carried out according to the construction measures of the shallow-buried small spacing tunnel passing underneath cultural relic buildings, and a comprehensive deformation control scheme of "CRD construction method single-arm excavation + surface grouting prereinforcement + advanced large pipe shed presupport" was put forward. The results of numerical simulation and on-site construction monitoring showed that the overall deformation of aqueduct foundation generally increases first, then decreases and increases again, and finally tends to be stable. The effects of surface grouting prereinforcement and advance large pipe shed presupport are obvious. The comprehensive deformation control scheme can ensure the safety of the existing construction and meet the safety prevention and control requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the weak stratum, the construction of ingate is a key technical problem at the place where the shaft and cross passage turn to the tunnel. Based on Lanzhou Metro, the corresponding changes to the construction plan of the ingate of the section tunnel were made. Finite element software is used to carry out three-dimensional modeling and design of subway shaft, cross passage, and tunnel structures in connected sections. The influence of the two construction schemes on surface settlement, deformation, and stress of tunnel support structure and stress conversion of ingate are compared, as well as the fitting degree between numerical simulation results and field monitoring data. Finally, the optimal scheme and key points of construction control are determined. The results show that the optimization scheme has obvious advantages in the control of surface settlement and the deformation of shaft and cross passage support. However, the difference between the stress and deformation of the tunnel supporting structure and the original plan is not obvious. Since the project focuses on shaft, cross passage, and tunnel connection section, the changed construction scheme is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a research on smart city planning and community governance using dynamic game methods, analyze the current status and problems of the current smart community service system, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions based on the global smart community development experience. Through smart city planning and construction, the game model of government governance and information sharing between communities and decision making is obtained, and the two-dimensional replication dynamic system equations of smart city planning and construction agencies and communities are obtained from smart city planning and construction. The evolutionary stability strategy and a united front are analyzed. The strategy achieves the ideal stable conditions. We define the relevant definition of a smart community and discuss the purpose and significance of the research, especially the importance and necessity of the construction of the smart community. Based on the current situation of the construction of smart communities, we conduct specific research, discuss the deficiencies and shortcomings in the current construction of smart communities, and find out the causes of these problems. Finally, based on learning from the relevant work experience, corresponding improvement measures are proposed for the existing problems from the united front, top-level design, social participation, platform construction, and talent training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the financial crisis in 2008, innovation has gradually become the orientation of global economic development and the strategic choice for China's urban development. With the transformation of the urban development mode from factor-driven and capital-driven to innovation-driven, many innovation spaces have begun to emerge in cities, which attract academic attention. A large number of studies on the relation between innovation activities and geographic space mainly focus on the phenomena at the regional level, and the city is only regarded as a target of innovation activities agglomeration. The study on the distribution of innovation space within the city is insufficient. In particular, there is a lack of studies on the spatial-temporal evolution of urban innovation space distribution. However, the study on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urban innovation space distribution can provide planning countermeasures for the construction of innovative cities in China. Taking Nanjing as an empirical area, the spatial-temporal evolution of urban innovation space distribution was studied through methods such as average nearest neighbor, standard deviational ellipse, kernel density estimation, and exploratory spatial data analysis based on the data of high-tech enterprises identified from 2008 to 2019. The results showed the following: (1) the distribution of urban innovation space has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the degree of agglomeration continued to rise; (2) regardless of the macro- or microperspective, the distribution of urban innovation space has shown the characteristic of diffusion at the initial, but the trend of polarization in recent years is significant; and (3) the distribution of urban innovation space exhibited diverse agglomeration modes and evolution trends in different regions, and it can be divided into three categories: grouped, banded, and scattered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuned mass dampers are one of the most common devices for the passive control of structures subjected to earthquakes. The structure of these dampers consists of three main parameters: mass, damping, and stiffness. Tuned mass dampers reduce the amplitude of the responses affecting on a mode. In most cases, only a single TMD (tuned mass damper) or a few dampers at several points above the building height are installed on the roof of the building, requiring considerable mass and space in some parts of the structure as overhead. It is also more important to predict the elements that will meet the required mass. In this research, the performance of multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMDs) is investigated in L- and U-shaped regular and irregular tall steel buildings with 10 and 20 floors, under the near- and far-field records. Nonlinear time history analysis is also applied to evaluate the multiple tuned mass dampers effects on the seismic responses of the structures. The SAP2000 API and MATLAB genetic algorithm are used to determine the optimal location of the MTMDs in the roof plans of the buildings. The results show the effects of multiple tuned mass dampers in reducing the seismic response of acceleration, displacement, and base shear up to 50, 40, and 40% in average, respectively. The results of determining the optimum location of MTMDs in the models indicate the importance of the symmetry of the dampers relative to the centre of mass of the building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fractal nature of urban green spaces is the product of the self-organizing evolution of the complex urban system into a higher stage, and orderly patterns and complex structures of urban green spaces will tend to manifest after they develop to a certain stage. On the basis of GF1 satellite data in 2019 and three fractal models, the complexity of the forms and structures of a green space system in downtown Dalian, China, was studied. The results showed that the boundary dimension measured by the perimeter-scale model was 0.64–1.40, and the boundary dimension measured by the area-perimeter model was 1.79–1.99; these results indicate that the degree of human disturbance in green space boundaries was high, and the stability of the green space spatial structures was poor. The grid dimension measured by the area-scale model was 0.49–1.42, and the average radius dimension measured by the area-radius model was 0.35–0.76; these results indicate that the balance of the spatial distribution of green spaces was low, and the green spaces were excessively concentrated in the city center. Through comparisons of the scaling range among various types of green spaces, the characteristic range (gradient structure) of the spatial distribution of urban green spaces was found, which can reflect the maturity of green space growth and the quality of the green space layout. The gradient structure of green spaces in Dalian was characterized by three gradients, namely, 0–4000 m, 4000–8000 m, and 8000–16,000 m. The development of green spaces in the first gradient zone was the best, and the second and third gradient zones showed relatively large potential for improvement. These research results are of practical significance for guiding the planning and construction of green spaces in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A brief review of experimental methods for testing blast effects on structures is presented. Methods are classified in four groups: field tests, shock tubes, pendulum systems, and new techniques (blast simulator). Description of each method is given together with overall specification of possible instruments used in each test. In today's modern era of computers which are becoming powerful tool implemented in all aspects of life and also scientific research, comparison of experimental and numerical techniques is also given. Comparison of data obtained from different experimental methods show that careful planning and execution leads to reliable results in terms of pressure, impulse, stress, and damage quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]