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For a bus transit system with peak and normal periods, we derived an approximated formulated solution, to provide a patchwork for a published paper. Based on the same numerical example of the original model, our approximated solution attains the minimum cost within 0.3% to indicate that our approximated formulated solution is a good supplementary tool to estimate the optimal solution., Author(s): Yu-Lan Wang [1]; Ming-Li Chen (corresponding author) [2]; Scott Shu-Cheng Lin [3] 1. Introduction Researchers developed models to mimic real-world phenomena, and then tried to apply their results from [...]

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak that emerged at the end of 2019 has now swept the world for more than 2 years, causing immeasurable damage to the lives and economies of the world. It has drawn so much attention to discovering how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) originated and entered the human body. The current argument revolves around two contradictory theories: a scenario of laboratory spillover events and human contact with zoonotic diseases. Here, we reviewed the transmission, pathogenesis, possible hosts, as well as the genome and protein structure of SARS‐CoV‐2, which play key roles in the COVID‐19 pandemic. We believe the coronavirus was originally transmitted to human by animals rather than by a laboratory leak. However, there still needs more investigations to determine the source of the pandemic. Understanding how COVID‐19 emerged is vital to developing global strategies for mitigating future outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]