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This article considers the approach taken by the Online Harms White Paper to constructing a statutory duty of care and argues that while not explicit the approach taken is consistent with a ‘by des...

Facebook has best leveraged the rapid technological and societal changes over the past decade to grow into the world's largest social-networking site (SNS). However, research of Facebook has lagged behind other Web 2.0 technologies, particularly in regards to investigating its efficacy versus a control group to improve L2 writing. This study, which involved 30 Japanese university English as a foreign language (EFL) students, aims to fill this gap in the literature by examining three areas of L2 writing, namely – writing fluency, lexical richness, and grammatical accuracy – in an experimental group using Facebook (n = 16) and a control group (n = 14) using paper-and-pencil. Both groups underwent a 12-week treatment of two in-class focused freewritings a week. Three writing assessments were administered at the start, middle, and end of the treatment to assess its effectiveness. Results from the Mann–Whitney test showed that the experimental group made more significant gains in terms of writing fluen...

Farah Baker is a teenager living in Gaza who used Twitter to report the bombings she witnessed over the summer of 2014. She has been controversially named the ‘#AnneFrank of Palestine’. This article examines how far digital and printed forms of war writing compare, and places particular emphasis on a remark Anne Frank made in, and about, her diary: ‘paper is patient’. It discusses the extent to which the expectations of readers, and the limitations of the form of the tweet, shaped what Baker was able to say. It considers how she answered the premium placed upon authenticity and immediacy in war reporting, and also the desire for a medium that would rally support and express solidarity. It also asks how far the digital meme meets the challenge of reconciling the need for expressions of commonality with the recognition of complexity. In comparison with the diary, the ability of users of social media to manipulate form, and to make their own formal choices, is constrained. The article discusses the implications these restrictions might have for both war writers and life writers.

This document exists because ALJ publishers Taylor & Francis commissioned UK scholarly communications marketing specialists tbi Communications (www.tbicommunications.com) to ‘provide an overview of...

Many older adults are concerned that new internet technologies, especially social media, add to the alienation and isolation of children and young adults. The author considers these concerns in relation to two child psychotherapies by skilled therapists, in which the patients used cyberdevices. The play‐like functions of these uses are discussed, including displacement, defense and communication. Since the child patients introduced cyberdevices that were developed in the earlier phases of technology development, rather than the more contemporary, web-based social media, some emerging questions remain unanswered. Nonetheless, the therapists’ deft and sensitive handling of the patients’ uses of technology suggests that many of the established psychodynamic approaches are appropriate to the new situations.

Seligman admires Stephen Hartman's ability to enter and empathize with the emerging psychosocial ambience of the new social media while maintaining his focus as a psychoanalytic clinician and theorist. He then delineates how the new modes of constructing what constitutes “reality” and the aesthetics of subjectivity may mark a departure from ideals of authenticity and privacy, which are at the center of the psychoanalytic project. Finally, he worries that these shifts are linked to an overall concentration of corporate power and ownership of media and other ideological apparatuses supporting an alienated, fetishized culture of consumption and market-minded vacuity.

The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media is a history with a theoretical framework and a political vision. The author intends to help the reader “understand social media's hi...

DIY Citizenship: Critical Making and Social Media, edited by Matt Ratto and Megan Boler, explores the diverse forms of civic engagement and political participation in a wide range of digitally enab...

When the 2011 Arab Spring was in full force, many pundits dubbed it the “Twitter Revolution,” suggesting that the microblogging platform was the impetus for the resulting changes. Many commentators...

BACKGROUND: Women are currently facing a tremendous threat of cervical cancer globally. Social media health campaigns have the potential to shape public health behaviors. This study explores the effects of cervical-cancer-related fear appeal messages with social cues on social media using the extended parallel processing model (EPPM). METHOD: We use a 2 (threat: present vs. absent) × 2 (efficacy: present vs. absent) × 2 (social cues: high vs. low) factorial experimental design to examine the effects of fear appeal messages with social cues on behavioral intention to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. RESULTS: There was a significant main effect of threat on the intention to receive HPV vaccination. Additionally, a significant three-way interactive effect among threat, efficacy, and social cues was detected. CONCLUSION: Women exposed to threat messages had a higher intention of HPV vaccination compared to those who were exposed to non-threat messages. Furthermore, with the low number of likes, women who were exposed to messages containing both threat and efficacy tended to have the highest intention of HPV vaccination. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: When conducting fear appeal campaigns on social media, the side effects of number of likes should be recognized. For vaccination promotion campaigns, the efficacy information should be more specific and audience-centered.

Vaccine hesitancy is an obstacle to COVID-19 vaccination. This study aims to inform the vaccine hesitancy and analyze related factors toward COVID-19 vaccination among medical students in China, so as to provide suggestions for increasing vaccines uptake. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among medical students in a medical university and a health school. A total of 2,196 valid questionnaires were received. 41.2% vaccine hesitancy was reported among medical students in total. Female (OR = 1.336) and individuals with higher education (OR = 1.724) reported slightly higher vaccine hesitancy. Being in low-risk areas and no need to get vaccinated (OR = 2.285), fear of serious consequences of vaccination (OR = 1.929), being in good health and no need to be vaccinated (OR = 1.891), being concerned about short-term side effects (OR = 1.793) and being concerned that the vaccine was ineffective (OR = 1.694) had higher prevalence of vaccine hesitancy. Those who were believing the specialty of study or work environment made vaccination necessary (OR = 0.378), believing they were susceptible to COVID-19 (OR = 0.411) and the vaccine was free (OR = 0.519) were more willing to get vaccinated. Confidence in vaccines and perceptions of benefits and risk are associated with vaccine hesitancy. It is important to strengthen vaccine health literacy education for medical students and enhance vaccine confidence. Countries need to supervise the public opinions in social media, television broadcasting and other media, so as to ensure the correct orientation of public opinion. Open and transparent evidence-based information is also needed which can help improve the vaccination coverage rate of the public.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for adults aged 27–45 as a shared clinical decision with their healthcare provider. With the rise of social media as a vaccine information source, this study examined the extent of exposure to HPV vaccine content by social media platform and evaluated associations between HPV vaccine content on social media and HPV vaccine intent among both 27–45 year olds and their eligible children. U.S. participants (51% women, 9% Black, 8% Hispanic/Latinx), aged 27–45, were cross-sectionally surveyed online from April to May 2020 (n = 691). Outcomes included HPV vaccination intention (intend/do not intend) for themselves and, among participants with unvaccinated children aged 9–17 (n = 223), their eligible children. Adjusted odds ratios for HPV vaccine content and both outcomes were calculated. Extent of HPV vaccination exposure on social media was not associated with intention to vaccinate for HPV. Seeing mostly negative/mixed information about the HPV vaccine on social media was associated with lower odds of vaccination intention for adults (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.15, 0.79) and adolescents (aOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21, 0.53). Viewing HPV vaccine information from social media as not credible was associated with lower odds of vaccine intent for adults (aOR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.07, 0.41) and adolescents (aOR = 0.16, 95% CI 0.10, 0.29). Although extent of HPV vaccine exposure on social media was not associated with vaccination outcomes, findings support developing quality social media strategies that increase the dissemination of positive and credible information in favor of HPV vaccination.

Vaccination against COVID-19 may present the most effective strategy to control current viral pandemic. The success of delivering mass vaccination, on the scale of what would be applied to contain COVID-19, largely depends on the compliance of the public to programs mandated by public health officials. This study was aimed to evaluate the perception and possible hesitance of people in Jordan toward a tentative COVID-19 vaccine using self-administrated online survey. During the study period, a total of 1287 agreed to participate in the study. More than half of the participants (n = 734, 57%) were females and the majority (n = 893, 69%) had a University degree. Most of the participants (n = 871, 68%) believed that scientists have adequate tools to develop a safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccine and two-third of them (n = 861, 67%) believed that developing vaccines would end the pandemic. However, around half of them (n = 665, 52%) reported not having adequate information on the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Preference of study participants to achieve immunity against COVID-19 using natural way was the most commonly reported reason to refuse vaccination (n = 826, 64%), followed by their concern about adverse effects associated with the vaccine (n = 781, 61%). In conclusion, the sampled participants showed an overall positive attitude toward receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Educational campaigns using television and social media are recommended to better inform the public of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccine in reaching a “herd immunity” based strategy to control the current pandemic.

Introduction: Vaccinations are referred to as one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine. However, their effectiveness is also constantly denied by certain groups in society. This results in an ongoing dispute that has been gradually moving online in the last few years due to the development of technology. Our study aimed to utilize social media to identify and analyze vaccine-deniers’ arguments against child vaccinations. Method: All public comments posted to a leading Polish vaccination opponents’ Facebook page posted between 01/05/2019 and 31/07/2019 were collected and analyzed quantitatively in terms of their content according to the modified method developed by Kata (Kata, 2010). Sentiment analysis was also performed. Results: Out of 18,685 comments analyzed, 4,042 contained content covered by the adopted criteria: conspiracy theories (28.2%), misinformation and unreliable premises (19.9%), content related to the safety and effectiveness of vaccinations (14.0%), noncompliance with civil rights (13.2%), own experience (10.9%), morality, religion, and belief (8.5%), and alternative medicine (5.4%). There were also 1,223 pro-vaccine comments, of which 15.2% were offensive, mocking, or non-substantive. Sentiment analysis showed that comments without any arguments as well as those containing statements about alternative medicine or misinformation were more positive and less angry than comments in other topic categories. Conclusions: The large amount of content in the conspiracy theory and misinformation categories may indicate that authors of such comments may be characterized by a lack of trust in the scientific achievements of medicine. These findings should be adequately addressed in vaccination campaigns.

BACKGROUND: Though human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a safe and effective method of protecting against associated cancers, uptake rates remain low among adolescents. Few studies have examined how social media use contributes to HPV-related knowledge gaps among parents and caregivers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between social media use and HPV-related awareness and knowledge with a focus on differences by gender and race/ethnicity among a nationally representative sample of adults with children in the household. METHODS: We used data from the Health Information National Trends (HINTS) Survey (2017–2019) (N = 2,720). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the association of social media use on HPV awareness and knowledge outcomes. RESULTS: Compared to non-users, engaging in one, two, three, or four social media behaviors were associated with greater HPV awareness (aOR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.18–3.70, aOR: 2.49; 95%CI: 1.40–4.42, aOR: 2.64; 95%CI: 1.15–6.05, and aOR: 2.44; 95%CI: 1.11–5.36, respectively). Increased social media use was associated with increased HPV vaccine awareness. Men, African American, Hispanic, and Asian American respondents were less likely to be aware of HPV or HPV vaccine. Social media use was not associated with cancer knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Increased social media use is associated with an increased awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine for adults with children in the household. Social media-based efforts can be utilized to increase knowledge of the benefits of HPV vaccination as cancer prevention, which may be a precursor to reducing HPV vaccine hesitancy and encouraging uptake to decrease cancer incidence rates among vulnerable populations.

Information about human papillomavirus (HPV) disease and its vaccination has been increasingly communicated and discussed on social media platforms. The current study aims to investigate the coverage of HPV-related information on one of the most popular Chinese social media – Zhihu. Data for this study were user-generated articles, which were identified and collected by a Python web crawler with keyword searching. The final sample included a total of 115 articles, covering a two-year period between 2017 and 2018. Each article was coded for several key characteristics, including HPV epidemiological information, health belief model (HBM) constructs, framing strategy, and responses to the article. Results suggested that most of the articles reported HPV’s relationship to cervical cancer, HPV severity, and vaccination benefits. Thematic framing was more often used by the Zhihu articles to disseminate HPV-related issues, and a significant relationship between framing strategy and information coverage was found. The study has not only theoretically extended the literature of online HPV vaccine information coverage, but also practically suggested the needs to communicate comprehensive and detailed knowledge about HPV vaccination on Chinese social media.

This study engaged health professionals in in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore their opinions concerning the issues surrounding vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia and strategies to improve vaccination to stamp the rise of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). Opinions on how to address the resurgence of VPDs in the era of increasing vaccine hesitancy were obtained. Eight health professionals, including geriatricians, pediatricians, microbiologists, public health specialists, and family medicine specialists were interviewed. The influence of anti-vaccination propaganda, past-experience of adverse event following immunization (AEFI), perceived religious prohibition, a belief that traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) use is safer, pseudoscience beliefs, and anti-vaccine conspiracy theories were identified as reasons for refusing to vaccinate. The interplay of social, cultural and religious perspectives in influencing perceived religious prohibition, pseudoscience beliefs, and the use of TCAM contributing to vaccine refusal was found. Five broad themes emerged from the health professionals regarding strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, including establishing an electronic vaccination registry, increasing public awareness initiatives, providing feedback to the public on the findings of AEFI, training of front-line healthcare providers, and banning the dissemination of anti-vaccine information via social media. With regards to identifying strategies to address the resurgence of VPDs, mandatory vaccination received mixed opinions; many viewed supplementary immunization activity and the prevention of travel and migration of unvaccinated individuals as being necessary. In conclusion, the present study identified unique local cultural, traditional and religious beliefs that could contribute to vaccine hesitancy in addition to issues surrounding vaccination refusal similarly faced by other countries around the world. This information are important for the formulation of targeted intervention strategies to stamp vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia which are also a useful guide for other countries especially in the Southeast Asia region facing similar vaccine hesitancy issues.

In the United States, parents’ health beliefs affect HPV vaccination decisions for children. Our team acquired insights into mothers’ health beliefs from their reactions and comments to posts on HPV vaccination in a social media adolescent health campaign in a randomized trial (n = 881 mothers; 63.1% reported daughters had 1+ doses of the HPV vaccine) evaluating communication intended to reduce daughters’ indoor tanning. A total of 10 HPV vaccination messages in didactic (n = 7) and narrative (n = 3) formats were posted on vaccination need, uptake, and effectiveness and stories of young women who died from cervical cancer and a mother’s decision to vaccinate her daughters. These posts received 28 reactions (like, love, and sad buttons; mean = 2.8 per post) and 80 comments (mean = 8.0 per post). More comments were favorable (n = 43) than unfavorable (n = 34). Data was not collected on views for posts. The most common favorable comment reported that daughters were vaccinated (n = 31). Unfavorable comments cited safety concerns, lack of physician support, distrust of pro-vaccine sources, and increased sexual activity of daughters. Mothers posting unfavorable (18.2%) as opposed to favorable (78.6%) comments or not commenting (64.0%) were less likely to have had their daughters vaccinated (chi-square = 22.27, p

Background In South Korea, the number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases has declined rapidly and much sooner than in other countries. South Korea is one of the most digitalized countries in the world, and YouTube may have served as a rapid delivery mechanism for increasing public awareness of COVID-19. Thus, the platform may have helped the South Korean public fight the spread of the disease. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the reliability, overall quality, title–content consistency, and content coverage of Korean-language YouTube videos on COVID-19, which have been uploaded by different sources. Methods A total of 200 of the most viewed YouTube videos from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, were screened, searching in Korean for the terms “Coronavirus,” “COVID,” “Corona,” “Wuhan virus,” and “Wuhan pneumonia.” Non-Korean videos and videos that were duplicated, irrelevant, or livestreamed were excluded. Source and video metrics were collected. The videos were scored based on the following criteria: modified DISCERN index, Journal of the American Medical Association Score (JAMAS) benchmark criteria, global quality score (GQS), title–content consistency index (TCCI), and medical information and content index (MICI). Results Of the 105 total videos, 37.14% (39/105) contained misleading information; independent user–generated videos showed the highest proportion of misleading information at 68.09% (32/47), while all of the government-generated videos were useful. Government agency–generated videos achieved the highest median score of DISCERN (5.0, IQR 5.0-5.0), JAMAS (4.0, IQR 4.0-4.0), GQS (4.0, IQR 3.0-4.5), and TCCI (5.0, IQR 5.0-5.0), while independent user–generated videos achieved the lowest median score of DISCERN (2.0, IQR 1.0-3.0), JAMAS (2.0, IQR 1.5-2.0), GQS (2.0, IQR 1.5-2.0), and TCCI (3.0, IQR 3.0-4.0). However, the total MICI was not significantly different among sources. “Transmission and precautionary measures” were the most commonly covered content by government agencies, news agencies, and independent users. In contrast, the most mentioned content by news agencies was “prevalence,” followed by “transmission and precautionary measures.” Conclusions Misleading videos had more likes, fewer comments, and longer running times than useful videos. Korean-language YouTube videos on COVID-19 uploaded by different sources varied significantly in terms of reliability, overall quality, and title–content consistency, but the content coverage was not significantly different. Government-generated videos had higher reliability, overall quality, and title–content consistency than independent user–generated videos.

Background: The suspension of compulsory scheduling of some pediatric vaccines has been discussed for a long time by health authorities in Italy but the current decrease of vaccination rates is a matter of concern. YouTube is the most popular video-based social media website. Considering the demonstrated impact of internet on vaccination decision-making and the increasing use of social media to share and disseminate health information, the aim of this study was to explore the message available on YouTube videos about vaccination. Methods: An observational study was conducted searching for YouTube videos in September 2015 and updated in January 2016, by using the keyword “vaccinations.” We included recently posted videos in Italian on child vaccination (2014–2015). Videos were classified according to the message tone. Results: A total of 123 videos were selected. Pro-vaccination videos were 62 (50%), anti-vaccination 28 (23%), neutral or without a clear position in favor or against vaccination 33 (27%). Focusing on the first 2 groups, pro-vaccination videos had a higher number of views compared with those unfavorable (1602 ± 6544 vs 1482 ± 2735) (p < 0.001). However, anti-vaccination videos were liked more by viewers (17.8 ± 31.3) than positive ones (13.2 ± 44.7) (p < 0.001) in addition to being more shared (23 ± 22.6 vs 3.8 ± 5.5, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Most of the videos were positive in tone, but those that disapproved of immunization were the most liked and shared. Considering the growing number of viewers, it is important to monitor the web to understand audience characteristics and what influences public opinions to use communication strategies more effectively.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the Twitter experiences of adults with severe communication disabilities who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) to inform Twitter training and further research on the use of Twitter in populations with communication disabilities. Method: This mixed methods research included five adults with severe communication disabilities who use AAC. It combined (a) quantitative analysis of Twitter networks and (b) manual coding of tweets with (c) narrative interviews with participants on their Twitter experiences and results. Results: The five participants who used AAC and Twitter were diverse in their patterns and experiences of using Twitter. Twitter networks reflected interaction with a close-knit network of people rather than with the broader publics on Twitter. Conversational, Broadcast and Pass Along tweets featured most prominently, with limited use of News or Social Presence tweets. Tweets appeared mostly within each participant's micro- or meso-structural layers of Twitter. Conclusions: People who use AAC report positive experiences in using Twitter. Obtaining help in Twitter, and engaging in hashtag communities facilitated higher frequency of tweets and establishment of Twitter networks. Results reflected an inter-connection of participant Twitter networks that might form part of a larger as yet unexplored emergent community of people who use AAC in Twitter.Implications for RehabilitationTwitter can be used as an important vehicle for conversation and a forum for people with communication disabilities to exchange information and participate socially in online communities.It is important that information and resources relating to the effective use of Twitter for a range of purposes are made available to people with communication disabilities who wish to take up or maintain use of Twitter.People with communication disabilities might benefit from support in using Twitter to meet their goals relating to participation in online forums and information exchange. Practitioners need to consider how their own social media skills might impact on service delivery and supporting these goals.

The Italian Alliance of vaccination strategies project was born with the aim of informing healthcare workers and the general population about vaccination through Facebook. The evaluation of the account has been carried out using 3 indicators: friend membership, numbers of "I like," and amount of "share" of contents for type of news and for day of the week. The survey was performed on 743 users. Institutional events were the most popular type of news; the day of the week in which users were most likely to be attracted by links was Friday. Press releases were the communication form most shared by users. Social media marketing carries the advantages of low cost, rapid transmission and user interaction.

This paper examines new forms of study-abroad expertise on social media and their role in mediating Indian student mobility to Germany. Firstly, it explores how mutual-support Facebook and WhatsApp groups – used by prospective international students in India to support each other through the process of applying to German universities – have contributed to the emergence of new forms of education consultancy, offered by Indian students or graduates of German universities, whom I call ‘Student Guides’. In addition, it shows how some Indians studying in Germany have started ‘Study in Germany’ YouTube channels, aimed at aspirant student migrants, and have become important ‘study-abroad influencers’. The paper analyses how these new forms of study-abroad expertise offer prospective international students social and cultural capital important for successful student migration, apart from shaping their imaginative geographies of Germany, and embedding them in cultures of mobility. Furthermore, the paper highlights how these new forms of study-abroad expertise intersect with, and critique, a more ‘traditional’ study-abroad expert: the professional education consultant. The paper draws on a digital ethnography of ‘Study in Germany’ Facebook and WhatsApp groups and YouTube channels, as well as interviews with the YouTubers, Student Guides, and Indian students in Germany.

Understanding people's concepts of illness and health is key to crafting policies and communications campaigns to address a particular medical concern. This paper gathers cultural knowledge on infectious disease causation, prevention, and treatment the Philippines that are particularly relevant for the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyzes their implications for public health. This paper draws from ethnographic work (e.g. participant observation, interviews, conversations, virtual ethnography) carried out individually by each of the two authors from February to September 2020. The data was analyzed in relation to the anthropological literature on local health knowledge in the Philippines. We find that notions of hawa (contagion) and resistensiya (immunity) inform people's views of illness causation as well as their preventive practices - including the use of face masks and 'vitamins' and other pharmaceuticals, as well as the ways in which they negotiate prescriptions of face mask use and physical distancing. These perceptions and practices go beyond biomedical knowledge and are continuously being shaped by people's everyday experiences and circulations of knowledge in traditional and social media. Our study reveals that people's novel practices reflect recurrent, familiar, and long-held concepts - such as the moral undertones of hawa and experimentation inherent in resistensiya. Policies and communications efforts should acknowledge and anticipate how these notions may serve as either barriers or facilitators to participatory care and improved health outcomes.

In the context of increasing interest in the relationship between digital communications and authoritarian politics, this paper considers the criminalisation of online dissent in Tanzania. Based on interviews with police officers, local government officials and mobile phone users, the paper explores contested framings and understandings of “cybercrime”. It argues that contemporary repression of online freedoms can be understood within longer histories of social and political ordering, whereby understandings and experiences of “security” and “development”, and the relationships they imply between government and citizens, are implicated in the delegitimisation of dissent. However, it also finds that social media use enables and amplifies articulation of opposition to repressive measures and may destabilise the politics of security and development that inform the policing of online spaces and politics more broadly. The paper thus contributes, firstly, to understanding the ambiguous and contingent relationships between information and communications technologies and politics in particular places. Secondly, by analysing debates about internet freedom it offers insights into broader negotiations over politics, security and development, which are in turn rendered more urgent by the disruptive impact of new modes of communication.

This paper contributes to debates on the use of cultural events to regenerate urban areas. Cultural geographers have identified the influence of such events in informing urban belonging, whilst being cautious towards the politics associated with claims of diversity and inclusion. Yet, what seldom features in such geographic accounts are the ways events influence, and are influenced by, inclusions and exclusions beyond their temporal and spatial confines, including how territorial processes flow in and across both online and offline spaces. In this paper, we thus adopt Brighenti’s (2010) relational approach to territoriality to reveal the fluid and heterogeneous ways the Independent Manchester Beer Convention renders processes of inclusion and exclusion within, and beyond, the time and space of the craft beer event. Utilising fieldwork observations at the 2018 and 2019 conventions and 4,300 social media posts associated with the 2019 convention, we identify how particular subjectivities come to be included and excluded in different ways through the event. We argue that recognition regarding the fluidity and heterogeneity of territorial boundaries, and the role of affordances in shifting such boundaries, are imperative in the utilization of cultural events in generating inclusions through cultural-led regeneration.

This paper contributes to the interdisciplinary fields of migration and mobilities through an examination of how translocal migrants engage in a variety of mobilities in order to practice long-term stillness in Beijing, China. To achieve this the paper proposes the concept of dynamic stillness, a stillness at one scale achieved through mobility at other scales. Dynamic stillness builds on other forms of (im)mobility, including turbulent stillness, waiting, suspension, immobility and emplacement. The concept returns agency to the non-mobile individual, agency that is lacking in other terms used to describe various (im)mobilities. This paper also conceptualizes mobility and stillness as taking place in both physical and digital sites, and it explores the role that digital sites, such as instant messaging groups, play in projects of stillness. Empirically, the paper explores unsuccessful attempts to displace translocal migrants engaged in food work in Beijing. While seemingly successful at first, when the analysis moves beyond simplistic snapshots of displacement and takes into account a variety of sites, scales and temporalities, the paper shows how dynamic stillness can be practiced at the scale of the sub-district by being mobile at other scales, including streets, neighbourhoods, across the nation state and to digital sites.

The paper presents a social media debate and introduces four position papers on social media as information sources. False information, uneven quality of information, bias, manipulation, and insuff...

There has been a rapid increase in the cyberbullying of teachers in schools by their students. One aspect of this phenomenon is the posting of visual recordings of teachers and teacher–student interaction on easily accessible websites such as YouTube. Whilst research on the cyberbullying of students by other students has received a great deal of attention, research on the cyberbullying of teachers by students is still in its infancy. This paper addresses key issues that have emerged by examining such recordings which have been posted on YouTube. This paper focuses on one illustrative example from each of three national settings, which feature teachers in Brazil, Portugal and England. The analysis of these three recordings indicates that we need to develop a new conceptual framework in order to understand the cyberbullying of teachers by students. There appears to have been a radical shift in the way students can challenge teacher authority through the use of digital media. Combatting this phenomenon needs...

In 2018, sexual abuse scandals concerning Oxfam GB and Save the Children UK, which had been known about for some years in the industry, finally received widespread coverage. Applying Greer and McLaughlin’s [Greer, C., and E. McLaughlin. 2017. “Theorizing Institutional Scandal and the Regulatory State.” Theoretical Criminology 21 (2): 112–132. doi:10.1177/1362480616645648] scandal model and building on Langer and Gruber’s [Langer, A. I., and J. B. Gruber. 2020. “Political Agenda Setting in the Hybrid Media System: Why Legacy Media Still Matter a Great Deal.” The International Journal of Press/Politics. doi:10.1177/1940161220925023] work on agenda setting in a hybrid media system this paper uses in-depth interviews with whistleblowers, legacy media journalists, and those who created alternative media spacesto analyse changing aid-journalism relationships. The findings suggest the scandals were previously kept out of the public domain for several reasons: aid agencies’ use of deflective media strategies and legal threats; fears by whistleblowers that such stories could assist the conservative media’s anti-aid agenda; and unsuccessful approaches to liberal media outlets. The move from latency to amplification came about because of investigations by legacy media journalists, but also media spaces such as WhatsApp and the Fifty Shades of Aid Facebook group. These spaces allowed women to share stories and form connections and. The paper examines the transformative the interplay of legacy and social media in a hybrid system and argues for the consideration of closed as well as open social media spaces when considering the process of scandalisation.

Social media is widely used by accounting firms to achieve a variety of business objectives and is a key enabler of non-market strategies. Socio-political involvement (SPI) involves firms taking positions on issues that lack societal consensus, have low information rationality, evolving viewpoints and issue salience, with no clear performance outcomes for firms. SPI may result in firms alienating stakeholders with opposing views, resulting in no or adverse performance outcomes. Accounting firms traditionally may not engage with such issues due to the associated reputational risk. Further, research suggests firm size is one of the most prominent firm-level antecedents of socio-political engagement. As the empirical context for this paper, we choose the Brexit referendum, a significant historical but divisive event with contested social norms. This paper explores the engagement of accounting firms on Twitter with the #Brexit discourse from the referendum announcement to one month after the vote. The objectives of the study are to understand the nature of non-market socio-political engagement by accounting firms in the #Brexit discourse on Twitter, and explore the differences between accounting firms of different size in this context. Our findings suggest that accounting firms engaged in the #Brexit Twitter discourse through a variety of non-market socio-political engagement activities, and that smaller firms tended to engage more than larger firms, most likely reflecting the ideological inclination of firm management. The engagement of accounting firms in socio-political discourse extends our understanding of how accounting firms of all sizes use social media and supports critical accounting and institutional perspectives.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of social media (SM) in supporting international research. The study is based on a sample of 797 scholars who published their papers in the Financia...

Social media has evolved at a rapid pace, influencing every aspect of the global community. The purpose of this paper is to use bibliometric analysis tools to evaluate valid works on the relationship between social media and information sharing. A review study of research papers on social media and information sharing published between 2009 and 2020 was conducted. The bibliometric analysis identified the following characteristics: (1) the primary articles are based on information sharing through social media; (2) the main authors deal with information sharing in social media; (3) tthe newest trend topics related to information sharing in social media are demographic characteristics, cognition, sentiment, healthcare, products and services recommendations, tourist recommendations, and COVID-19. The results show significant impact rates, in studies of information sharing in social media. Overall, this study serves as a basis for new scientific questions that will contribute to the further development of this research field.

What role does social media play for interprofessional education in a pandemic? This is the first pandemic to occur in a world filled with social media, where digital communication is ubiquitous and a high percentage of those affected are digitally literate. This paper situated within a United Kingdom (UK) context explores this new phenomenon, discussing the ways in which digital gift giving toward health and social care professionals has developed on a variety of social media platforms. This discussion proposes a theoretical understanding of digital gift giving and raises the importance of digital resilience for interprofessional learning and working. Reflections are made on the expected and imagined reciprocity of digital gift giving and the talismanic nature of employing symbols digitally to ward off COVID-19. This paper employs an ethnographic lens to unpack the issue of digital gift giving and recommends preparing students for the onslaught of digital gifts they may be exposed to upon entering the workplace. Academics are called on as the mediators of these recommendations, and suggestions are made as to how students can be best prepared for a digitally saturated interprofessional practice.

There are enduring inequalities in usage of social media, relating both to the demographic patterning of users and to differences in the kinds of use people make of these platforms. This paper presents a content analysis of representations of Twitter in three British newspapers from 2007 to 2014 aimed at exploring the potential contribution that differing journalistic practices make to sustaining the inequalities in uptake and use of social media platforms. The newspapers were selected for the contrasting composition of their readership, allowing for comparison of the portrayals of Twitter to distinct socio-demographic groups. The portrayal of Twitter was found to differ between the three newspapers analysed, with the readers of the tabloid and mid-range newspaper being presented a depiction of Twitter as a site for elite and celebrity voices and for fandom rather than a site for their own active participation or political content creation, to a greater extent than the readers of the quality paper. These results suggest that the journalistic practices distinctive to these diverse newspapers may have significant implications for the extent to which their readership are encouraged to see themselves as able to have a voice on social media: the tabloid style risks depoliticising Twitter.

Recently, industrial and academic communities in the operations and supply chain management (OSCM) field are paying increasing attention to social media. However, the value of social media in OSCM is quite unclear, and more investigations are still needed. To pave the way for a directed future research, this paper systematically reviewed and synthesised 152 peer-review journal papers to identify research focus and gaps in this area, supported by an appropriate conceptual framework. The result reveals that the research interests in this area have increased dramatically within the last decade across various industries and regions. Different companies’ OSCM activities, such as sourcing and delivery, can benefit from employment of social media. This paper also indicates that future research can explore the value of social media in sourcing, delivery, product return and reverse logistics activities, forecasting and inventory management, and product development and production.

This paper describes aspirations and contributions that grew out of a developmental cycle of design-based research (DBR) implementation conducted over a three-year project. DBR engineers new learning environments and improves learning in context whilst communicating usable knowledge for learning and teaching in complex settings. This project employed constructionism as an overarching framework, a theory of learning, teaching, and design, which supports that learning occurs more effectively when learners understand the world around them by creating meaningful artifacts that can be probed and shared. In an attempt to infuse elements of constructionism in the use of social technologies, groups of learners were assigned to construct an artifact within social technologies. The main data collection tools employed were students’ and instructor’s reflections, a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews and observation of groups’ activity within social technologies. Such an inquiry revealed both strengths and challenges with regard to implementing DBR and reporting how designs function in real-life settings. This paper brings forward considerations related to reporting intentionally designed interventions, potentials and limitations of DBR and implications for future DBR implementations.

Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice explains how institutions – specifically for this paper, sports media – influence the taken-for-granted assumptions of one’s habitus. Sportswomen receive less media coverage than sportsmen, yet the influence that this has on young people is under-researched. Using a mixed method approach, combining the results of a content and narrative analysis of 2514 articles and 2051 photographs from four UK online media outlets (BBC Sport, The Guardian, Sky Sports News, Twitter Moments) with interviews with 70 young people (33 males and 37 females; aged 15-16 years) from three schools in North East England, this paper explores how sports-media messages are interpreted within the framework of a gendered habitus. Two empirical themes emerged: firstly, young people expect female athletes to be underrepresented and sexualised in sports-media, affecting how sport is constructed as unimportant for females for the accrual of social capital. Secondly, media messages that promote female attractiveness are internalised within young people’s habitus. The adolescent gendered habitus is influenced by media messages: the prioritisation of sportsmen leads to young women viewing sport as ‘not for them’. The role of sport within a gendered habitus reflects hegemonic masculinity, promoting sport for men and stereotypical femininity for women.

This paper emerges from a multidisciplinary research project called “Brews and Brows: Shaping Stories from Eyebrows to Scousebrows” that entailed gathering stories about eyebrow grooming from women and men from the city of Liverpool, UK, and creating a new taxonomy of the eyebrow where none currently exists. The point of departure for this paper is to challenge the negative commentary on the Scousebrow in the press and social media by engaging people in discussions surrounding the personal significance of eyebrow shaping and styling. In challenging this denigration, this paper uses data from in-depth interviews with eyebrow artists and clients and ethnographic interviews at a four-day event held in Liverpool. This paper argues that the everyday (little c) creative practice of eyebrow grooming is not only an important part of crafting and performing identity, particularly for Scouse women, but also an example of bottom-up placemaking in the city of Liverpool.

This paper draws attention to the increasingly central yet understudied role of social media in facilitating student mobility from India. More specifically, it explores the emergence of online mutual-help communities of aspirant student migrants on Facebook and WhatsApp, which are aimed at helping members navigate the process of going abroad for study. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork focused on postgraduate-level student migration from India to Germany, the paper explores how these communities are meeting aspirant student migrants' information and support needs in novel ways. Not only are they a key space in which information on study in Germany is discussed, dissected, and interpreted, they have also resulted in the production of a whole new body of information, tools, and resources on how to navigate the process of going to Germany for a Master's degree. The paper argues that these communities can be seen as democratising access to study abroad, to some extent, by dramatically expanding applicants' social networks and the social capital to which they have access.

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs are receiving increased attention by academics around the world. However, the field is in need of global data on how, when, where and why clubs form before any generalised conclusions can be drawn. This paper begins this process by attempting to identify every club that has formed in the world by location and date. 18 months of searching online through websites and social media identified 5072 separate clubs, which were then grouped by region and date. This data shows different trends of club formation in different regions. The data shows Western Nations formed clubs much earlier than other regions, but that Scandinavia, South America and East Asia are continuing to form new clubs at an increasing rate. Despite the USA being the country of origin of the culture, it only has 18% of all clubs. This paper concludes with suggestions for future research questions illuminated by the data, that try to explain the popularity of the culture and the environmental circumstances that lead to club formation.

This paper explores how news organizations visualize crises in a digital media ecology shaped by citizen witnessing and widespread image circulation on social media. Empirically, the paper draws on...

Purpose: B-to-B marketers in emerging countries still lag behind compared to peers in developed countries in terms of the use of social media sites. Recent literature calls for a further understand the factors influencing social media sites’ use by B-to-B firms in emerging countries. This paper builds on this literature to map and investigate the factors influencing B-to-B marketers’ intention to use social media sites in an emerging country.\ud \ud Methodology/Approach: The designed model was tested by implementing a survey. Snowball sampling method was used to select B-to-B marketers from 158 firms in Jordan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using PLS was implemented to investigate the various influences and relationships. A discussion of the results compared with those of existing research conducted mainly in Western countries, with very few conducted in emerging countries, is provided.\ud \ud Findings: The results highlight similarities in the factors affecting the intention to use social media sites in emerging countries: perceived usefulness and perceived utility were found to significantly influence the intention to use social media sites in Jordan and also in China and South Korea. However, the perceived usability of social media sites did not have any influence on Jordanian B-to-B marketers’ intention to use those sites. In addition, result demonstrability, of less importance in developed countries, was found to significantly influence Jordanian B-to-B marketers’ intention to use social media sites. Image and subjective norms were found to influence perceived usefulness. Efficiency has no significant influence on perceived usability, whereas error, satisfaction, learnability, and memorability were found to significantly influence Jordanian B-to-B marketers’ perceived usability of social media sites.\ud \ud Research Implications: This research contributes to the technology acceptance research field and particularly the area of B-to-B firms’ use of social media sites. It combined (i) the extended technology acceptance model and (ii) the attributes of system acceptability model, to further the understanding of the factors that influence on the use of social media sites by B-to-B firms in emerging countries.\ud \ud For practitioners, this research provides guidance on how to increase social media use by B-to-B marketers in emergent countries through enhancing the factors that stimulate the use of social media sites in this particular context.\ud \ud Originality/Value/Contribution of the paper: Very few studies conducted in emerging countries highlights differences in the factors influencing the use of social media sites compared to those identified in studies conducted in developed countries. This research adds value to the growing research area on B2B firms’ use of social media sites as well as to the technology acceptance research field, by identifying and discussing the most important factors influencing B-to-B marketers’ intention to use social media in emergent countries contexts.

Time is scarce for most tourists. This posts challenges for fieldworkers when conducting face-to-face interviews with them. This is particularly pertinent to Chinese tourists. This paper explores the use of the social media app WeChat for mitigating the time pressures faced by researchers and tourists as subjects. Hugely popular in China, WeChat has rarely been explored within the literature as a tool for data collection. This paper addresses this dearth by taking an ethnographic approach and using our experiences and reflections on the multiple challenges we faced, particularly, but not exclusively on the limited time of Chinese travelers in Tasmania, Australia. This paper contributes to tourism methodology by critically assessing the potential use of WeChat for researchers. It extends the understanding of using social media as tools for qualitative data collection, and simultaneously considers the enhancement of the researcher’s wellbeing.

While social workers continue to recognise the centrality of relationship in social work practice they are nowtrying to build and mediate relationshipswith service users in a context fundamentally changed by technology. The paper suggests that different modes of electronic communication are not simply add-ons to society but are altering the social texture of society including the ways that people relate and interact with others. The relationship base of social work is not immune or dislocated from the explosion of social media and electronic communication which is occurring in the wider society and, therefore, attention needs to be paid to the impact of these new technologies on the way in which social work is practised. Using qualitative research with early career stage social workers in Ireland this paper aims to contribute to knowledge on this emerging dimension of social work practice.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. The purpose of this paper is to consider how professional sports players and their sporting clubs and associations publicly manage the disclosure of mental health issues that result in a players enforced absence from competition. The paper focuses on official or authorised press statements, press conferences (and transcripts thereof), social media posts and official websites, to consider public discourses and media coverage of mental health in professional sport. The research is informed by the principles and methods of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. Presented here are two retrospective 'mental injury' timelines from two professional sports players in the UK (namely Sarah Taylor, cricketer and Aaron Lennon, footballer), starting with the initial announcement that the player will not be participating and ending with the announcement of their reintegration into their team's routine match day activities. Several important findings have emerged, including: whether the original announcement was (in)voluntary; the categorisation of mental health conditions employed; the details made public in press statements and what is added in subsequent press conferences and interviews; and the open-ended return time-frames. At stake is how a player's (patient) confidentiality clashes with the need to reliably and accurately inform the public, via the media, in these cases.

Higher education learning is increasingly enacted in digital environments and doctoral education is no exception. Scholars–supervisors and PhD candidates–actively create their own digital profiles, and their research is often disseminated via social media in tandem with the traditional publication of journals and books. Online learning behaviours, social media and doctoral education are complex, and, when considered together, present distinct challenges. This paper explores the work and practices of digital academics using social media through a case study of an academic blog, Doctoral Writing. We use statistical data from the blog to map evolving pedagogic practices and forms of doctoral writing support and engagement. This analysis reveals horizontalised networks of co-creating consumers and producers who interact on social media platforms in ways that signal new transnational networks of learning and teaching. This paper contributes to our understanding of academic engagement with social media in contemporary doctoral education, particularly doctoral writing Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This paper attempts to examine the evolving dynamic of social media driven sustainable development in the tourism industry and how the modern tourism businesses could grow into what might be called sustainable corporate citizenship behavior. The full potential of social media technologies is rarely recognized as tourism firms continue to employ social media as just yet another promotional tool. One of the greatest opportunities offered by the social media platforms is that sustainable development no longer needs to be an isolated business objective but could rather become a goal shared equitably among the various groups of stakeholders interested in the future of tourism. The paper discusses tourists’ use of social media and highlights certain common social media applications in sustainable management of tourism and ecotourism in particular. The use of social media in terms of value co-creation, sharing and cocreation of knowledge with relation to sustainability in tourism, and socialisation among tourists, have been discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the paper highlights on the collaborative and dialectical online conversation on sustainability facilitated by social media to online communities of tourists, which have resulted in the creation of ecological citizenship. Such social conscience created via social media enabled interactions among environmentally conscious global travellers, can have an impact on sustainable corporate citizenship behavior with relation to tourism and hospitality businesses and organisations. This paper therefore, discusses the cognitive uses of social media in sustainable development in tourism that can lead to ecological citizenship among tourists and sustainable corporate citizenship behavior among tourism enterprises.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. This paper examines how the habits and expectations of post-screen audiences are driving changes in professional performance, and asks how the ubiquity of the screen can help find new ways to engage audiences with professional performance practice. The paper centres on a practice-based research project Pervasive Theatre (funded by FutureDream through Arts Council England and Kent County Council) carried out by the author with the performance company Assault Events. The 7 month project explored the potential of online social tools to create a multi media cross-platform environment for performance, and sought to advance the field of performance practice by developing new frameworks to create professional performance practice that reflects new screen modalities. Through the creation of the piece Hopscotch Highway, the project explored what new screen modalities could offer professional performance practice, particularly relating to different ways that audiences could engage with performance through mobile platforms. Through a multi-platform, transmedia approach the company developed a piece of work that explored different ways to make and share performance work, creating a framework for practice that reflects media audiences new ways of accessing, experiencing and engaging with creative content. Keywords: Post Screen

This paper seeks to conceptually explore the use of social media platforms such as Twitter as a microblog to share Covid-19 prescribed knowledge through developing a conceptual framework of university ecosystem knowledge regime. The framework outlines three ecosystem artefacts; teaching, assessment, and student experience and what knowledge sharing strategies that may help representing these artefacts to the wider community of the ecosystem. The paper provides valuable practical insight to UK Universities practitioners, students and concerned stakeholders on the use of Twitter microblogs to share or retrieve knowledge required to cope with the current Covid-19 transition. The paper sheds light on the unique characteristics of knowledge sharing by UK Universities through Twitter in relation to the current Covid-19 pandemic. The paper also highlights the unconventional use of Twitter by UK Universities to share Covid-19 prescribed knowledge with its stakeholders.