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Since the concept of carbon asset is still new to most power enterprises, they generally lack the knowledge and experience of carbon asset management, to help them cope with the related works, this paper proposes a carbon footprint tracking and quantitative analysis model for power enterprises based on thermodynamics. At first, by employing thermodynamic theories, this paper established an inventory model through the measurement and calculation of carbon concentration and carbon emissions, which can fix defective items, improve inventory efficiency, and save inventory cost. Then, the paper used thermo-economics and the TOPSIS method to construct a carbon inventory index system containing indexes such as carbon exergy ratio and regulation interval, which can reduce the error of carbon emission intensity and update the carbon account information in a timely manner. After that, the carbon footprint was calculated by coupling the carbon thermal map with the multi-dimensional evaluation mechanism, thereby achieving accurate control of carbon emissions and realizing the energy-saving and emissionreduction goals. At last, the attained experimental results showed that, the proposed carbon inventory measurement model established based on thermodynamics can effectively regulate the emission behavior of power enterprises, help achieve the ultimate purposes of reducing cost, increasing efficiency, and optimizing environment. The work done in this paper could provide theoretical support for making decisions for the smooth development of carbon rights market in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]