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The paper is concerned with the relationship between military expenditure and unemployment. The purpose of the paper is to discover the relationship between military expenditure and the unemployment rate using NATO economies as examples and to analyse possible stabilizing effects of military expenditure by means of the ARDL model. The empirical results reveal a negative correlation between military expenditure and the unemployment rate indicating possible important influence of the armed forces as an employer on the labour market in Albania, Bulgaria, Poland and Romania. However, the model results do not confirm that military expenditure could have a stabilizing effect on the state economic policy across NATO member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Slovak Republic is characterized by regional disparities, which are also reflected in the labor market. The aim of our paper is to examine the development of the Slovak labor market and evaluate the level of regional labor markets on the basis of selected indicators in the years 2001-2019. We examine the situation on the labor market in the regions of the Slovak Republic on the basis of the development of economic activity, employment, unemployment, average wage and the proportion of employed with tertiary education. To evaluate regional disparities in our article, we use two methods: the scoring method and the method of a uniform normalized variable. With both methods used, the Bratislava region was best placed in 2001 and in 2019. The worst evaluation in 2001 was achieved by the Nitra region and in 2019 by the Prešov region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of the impacts of immigration from countries outside the European Union on domestic unemployment rates of Austria, Czech Republic, Germany and Poland based on gender and age of immigrants. Using Eurostat data from 1998 to 2014, data analysis and regression functions with constant coefficients for every analysed country were performed. The results of P-values and the T test indicate that the gender of immigrants is not a determination factor for the development of domestic employment in any examined country, contrary to their. With the increase of age of immigrants, the employment rate in Poland and the Czech Republic increases as well. Generally, the labor markets react to inflow of immigrants differently in Poland and the Czech Republic compared to Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of digitization, automation and robotization, the way and content of work is changing, similarly to the labour market requirements of an employee performing work in the 4.0 model are also changing. In this paper we discuss the impact of the current technology developments and their impact on the standing of the working man in the near future. Newly created or transformed work positions require certain new knowledge and job skills for future employees, and therefore the current education system plays a primary and very important role in preparing for the labour market. The issue has a societal dimension and is a frequent subject of professional debate at global level, which highlights its current relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at the comparison of diversity of the seasonality of unemployment on the labour markets of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Analyses concerned the monthly and yearly fluctuations in seasonal unemployment. This paper has also attempted to verify whether on the studied markets there occur dependencies between the number of the unemployed and the number of the seasonally unemployed. The analysis concerned all communes in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship based on the adopted classification of administrative division into rural communes, urban and rural communes, and urban communes. Data applied in the research concerned the monthly number of the unemployed in general from the period of January 2001-December 2015 obtained from the Voivodeship Labour Office in Szczecin. Seasonal components of unemployment were distinguished with the Census X-12 ARIMA algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the area of personnel marketing, which is being formed as an independent scientific discipline, bringing marketing approach into human resources management. Globalisation of the labour market, digitization and technology interference, growth of competition in individual sectors bring along numerous innovations in personnel marketing, which found their place in personnel corporate communication. The aim of the submitted study is to examine application of new trends in personnel communication mix by personnel officers who represent entrepreneurial subjects on the Slovak and Czech labour markets, mainly in the context of addressing professions of short supply. The object of investigation is the way of work with the professional social network LinkedIn and attitudes of human resources officers related to this tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the paper is to introduce the recent findings of the motivation of secondary technical schools’ students in the field of engineering. Technological progress requires higher quality and quantity of human resources working in engineering field, however, the interest of youth in studying the field is falling steadily. A project “Education in engineering and its optimisation for the needs of the labour market” led by the Technical Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR), which is implemented by the Faculty of Education at the University of Ostrava together with the National Engineering Cluster is focused on discovering the factors influencing the choice of these fields, students´ satisfaction with their studies, study aspiration and manifestation of an in-depth interest in technical fields. The results of a pilot research confirm that almost one half of the students believe they possess aptitudes for engineering professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the education of people with disabilities in terms of their labor market success. At first, the paper describes the theoretical background of the research, and then follows with a presentation of our results. The aim of our research was to identify such common obstacles of the labor market integration of people with disabilities, which arise on the side of these people. In particular, the perception of low or almost no education and inadequate qualification by people with disability, by employers and by workers at labor offices is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the article: to identify the pull factors of migration among nursing students and the impact of migration flows on the Slovak labour market with an aspect on the health care sector. Findings: Nursing students are most attracted to studying abroad by the following pull factors: legal norms, regulations and requirements for work performance, the behaviour of supervisors, relationships between colleagues and the favourable social climate in the country. Factors that are less influential are remuneration, education and a higher standard of living. Based on the answers of the respondents, a high percentage of considerations about looking for a job abroad were shown. Out of the 423 students, up to 80% of the respondents plan to go abroad for work. The current number of nursing students is not sufficient to cover the needs of the Slovak labour market in the health sector. The massive outflow of potential staff in hospitals exacerbates the staffing problems in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon of labour migration within the European Union is currently one of the most significant factors affecting economic and social development. A multitude of factors, encompassing economic, social, and political elements, give rise to the dynamics of migration flows. One aspect of this issue is the migration of Slovak doctors and nurses for employment purposes. It is evident that there is a demand for healthcare professionals. This will result in a shortage of labour in hospitals. The probable causes are the challenging working conditions of healthcare professionals and the perception of their quality compared to working conditions abroad. The aim of the article is to interpret the results of part of the research project, entitled 'Setting up personnel management processes in hospitals and their impact on the migration of doctors and nurses for work abroad'. The problem is examined from the perspective of the perceived influence of various aspects of working conditions in Slovak hospitals on migration. The degree of influence of the identified factors is modelled using the statistical method of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the structure of the public investment aid within the Visegrád Group countries, i.e. in four Central European economies – the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Hungary and the Republic of Poland (V4). The evaluation of the investment incentives is based on pre-selected criteria: the definition of the investment incentive and its legal regulation; the investment support structure and investment conditions. Based on a comparative analysis, it was found that Hungary uses the most different structure of investment incentives in an attempt to dynamically change the economy structure towards sectors with high added value. All countries strive to reduce regional disparities and support the development of peripheral areas, but the setting of investment incentives in the Czech Republic does not correspond to the current situation on the local labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current demographic development in Slovakia is characterized by the fact that the share of the post-productive component of the population in the population is increasing and thus the economic burden on the productive component of the population by the post-productive population is also increasing. Changing the structure of the population changes the labour market. There is a decrease in the size of the workforce. Its gradual decrease may lead to a shortage of employees in some areas. It can be eliminated by increasing the number of employed foreigners. Their distribution within individual regions of the SR is different and thus the contribution of employed foreigners to national income is also different in individual regions. The aim of this paper is to determine the specifics of the development of the number of employed foreigners in Slovakia at the national level and then at NUTS III level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present trend of automation and digitization of jobs has made the skills gap even more pronounced, indicating that graduates are not sufficiently prepared for the challenges they will face in their careers. The educational process needs to adapt quickly to the demands made by employers and the job market. Learning tasks, assignments, and activities should mimic the practice environment as far as possible, to best prepare students for practice. One of the best approaches appears to be the incorporation of agile project management techniques and project-based learning into the educational process. The primary aim of this research is to examine the effects of implementing agile management techniques and project-based learning into education on students' skill sets and performance improvement rates. The activities and results that the students produced throughout the semester were gathered and assessed over two academic years. The course feedback was also gathered to investigate students' opinions about the course and their involvement during the semester. An exploratory study was conducted in order to achieve the results. The influence of implemented innovations on the course was addressed, and the acquired outcomes were contrasted and appraised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there are shortages of qualified labour on the market. Businesses struggle to attract new employees, which is why they strive to retain their current employees. They pay great attention to overall job satisfaction of their employees. Satisfaction of employees can be affected by their engagement or rate of satisfaction with employee benefits. The objective of the study was to identify whether the overall job satisfaction of line employees in a manufacturing corporation is influenced more by employee engagement or satisfaction with the benefit scheme. The applied linear regression shows that a benefit scheme affects the increase in overall satisfaction less than the assessment of engagement at work. Employee engagement was monitored in three areas: satisfaction with management, work atmosphere and potential personnel turnover rate. The largest influence was reported in the assessment of the work atmosphere. Another important finding is a statistically significant difference between the assessment of work atmosphere given by Generation X and Y. If employers want to manage work performance efficiently, they should respect the differences between these generations when preparing incentive schemes. The issue should be examined in the field of science and research as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical, methodological, and practical issues related to the observed and global transformation of the socioeconomic and labor relations. Based on the Marxist, liberal libertarian, and neoinstitutional paradigm, the trends and patterns of the development of labor markets in the BRICS member states are explored in the article (periods for analysis are 2011 and 2018). The BRICS economies are ranked in comparison with the most developed economies in Western Europe using the economic, statistical, and cluster analysis. The obtained analytical data indicate the following: a) the BRICS economies are catching-up or outsiders by their development type and quality; b) the economies of China and Brazil migrated from the "following the leader" cluster to the "outsiders" cluster in 2018 compared with 2011; c) of all the BRICS member states, only India has used its resources relatively efficiently and rationally, which has allowed it to migrate from the "outsiders" cluster to the "catching-up economies" cluster in 2018. The authors have demonstrated by consistently revealing the concepts of the Marxist, liberal libertarian and neoinstitutional paradigm in the context of socioeconomic and labor relations that none of these standalone paradigms is able to either explain the transformations in the labor markets of the BRICS member states or provide reference points for solving the established problems. However, the integration of these paradigms in the framework of libertarian paternalism (the idea of R. Thaler and C. Sunstein) can solve the problem of inefficient labor markets in the BRICS member states. This will require deep and systemic institutional reforms aimed at creating developed labor markets in the BRICS member states. Simultaneous institutional improvement of labor markets and modernization of the economy can become factors that will make the BRICS member states real rather than nominal leaders in the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays we can observe the shortage of workforce with the skills required - for a growing number of vacancies, - that makes looming problem for the companies in the region. Due to the shortage of suitable candidates, it is quite common that companies are struggling to hire new talents and retain the existing one. Several international researches (Blanchard, 2003) have shown, that traditional „money based" compensation cannot be the sufficient tool in the previous mentioned competition. According to an old business proverb, only employees who themselves are well treated will be loyal to their employer (and treat the customers well). It is, of course, important to acknowledge that this aim can most easily be achieved by creating a motivating working environment and a pleasant and flexible organizational structure, all of which enables employees to produce their best. Recognizing the value represented by employee benefits is, in fact, of increased importance in complicated situations such as those recently experienced. The category of 'employee benefits' comprises the whole range of non-wage 'reward tools', and there is, in fact, no company which does not provide some benefits to its employees. However the aim of the employers providing benefits is more or less similar, we can explore huge differences in the way they are providing them and the amount of provided benefits compared to the wage. Determinative disparities can be identified in the context of significant differences in the field of labor law regulation. There is no doubt that the need for comparativism is growing, due to the ever expanding communications and information technology, as international cooperation develops and the free movement of labor increases. This study, based upon a research, arranged in 2016 provides insight into the Slovak practice of employee benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the quantification of the utility of the system of investment incentives in the case of six selected regions in the Czech Republic. Based on comparative analysis of information from the annual reports of multinational companies and statistics of the Czech Statistical Office and the data government agency CzechInvest is quantified impact of the direct effect of creating jobs in foreign direct investment, which received investment incentives. The contribution of these investments to solve the problem of high unemployment rates is illustrative of a hypothetical rate of unemployment. It means what would be the situation of the regional labor markets in the case of absence of these investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]