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The paper is concerned with the relationship between military expenditure and unemployment. The purpose of the paper is to discover the relationship between military expenditure and the unemployment rate using NATO economies as examples and to analyse possible stabilizing effects of military expenditure by means of the ARDL model. The empirical results reveal a negative correlation between military expenditure and the unemployment rate indicating possible important influence of the armed forces as an employer on the labour market in Albania, Bulgaria, Poland and Romania. However, the model results do not confirm that military expenditure could have a stabilizing effect on the state economic policy across NATO member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to identify the challenges to Industry 4.0 implementation in agriculture with emphasis on the human factor, which is an issue not sufficiently dealt with in the current literature. Investments in Industry 4.0 technologies and tools enable enterprises to increase labour productivity, to more accurately predict future developments, and allow employees (operators, managers and executives) to make informed day-to-day decisions based on real-time data, facilitating in-house departmental collaboration. Over the period 2019-2020, the authors conducted a survey (semi-structured face-to-face interviews) among almost thirty representatives of agricultural enterprises, advisers and secondary school head teachers. Primary data showed significant agricultural labour shortages, which is one of the reasons why farm managements decide to automate and robotize the production process. In addition to high financial costs, barriers to the digital technologies include concerns about power outages and subsequent data losses. The present survey results also indicate possible impacts on the workforce, the feeling of losing touch with farming practice in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an analysis of the impacts of immigration from countries outside the European Union on domestic unemployment rates of Austria, Czech Republic, Germany and Poland based on gender and age of immigrants. Using Eurostat data from 1998 to 2014, data analysis and regression functions with constant coefficients for every analysed country were performed. The results of P-values and the T test indicate that the gender of immigrants is not a determination factor for the development of domestic employment in any examined country, contrary to their. With the increase of age of immigrants, the employment rate in Poland and the Czech Republic increases as well. Generally, the labor markets react to inflow of immigrants differently in Poland and the Czech Republic compared to Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the influence of digitization, automation and robotization, the way and content of work is changing, similarly to the labour market requirements of an employee performing work in the 4.0 model are also changing. In this paper we discuss the impact of the current technology developments and their impact on the standing of the working man in the near future. Newly created or transformed work positions require certain new knowledge and job skills for future employees, and therefore the current education system plays a primary and very important role in preparing for the labour market. The issue has a societal dimension and is a frequent subject of professional debate at global level, which highlights its current relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at the comparison of diversity of the seasonality of unemployment on the labour markets of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Analyses concerned the monthly and yearly fluctuations in seasonal unemployment. This paper has also attempted to verify whether on the studied markets there occur dependencies between the number of the unemployed and the number of the seasonally unemployed. The analysis concerned all communes in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship based on the adopted classification of administrative division into rural communes, urban and rural communes, and urban communes. Data applied in the research concerned the monthly number of the unemployed in general from the period of January 2001-December 2015 obtained from the Voivodeship Labour Office in Szczecin. Seasonal components of unemployment were distinguished with the Census X-12 ARIMA algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employer brand management has become a growing necessity. For most companies, it does not mean the random short-term campaigns, but the crucial factor in successfully building the employer brand being the employees themselves. The aim of the paper is to present the findings from a questionnaire survey of selected factors that affect the employer brand image as a strategic tool for human resource management from the perspective of HR staff in the Czech Republic. The research was carried out from May 2019 to January 2020, 112 respondents (HR managers) taking part in it. The results show that systematic employer brand creation is conditional upon the company’s personnel strategy. Appropriate use of the brand helps retain the existing employees. Satisfied staff are more likely to become ambassadors for the company brand, engaging in its communication towards the external labour market. Being a matter for the competence of the personnel department, employer branding must be integrated into HR managerial strategies. The results of the survey also support the assumption that the requirements and expectations of both current and prospective employees are to be complied with, the company’s competitive advantage in the labour market thus being secured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the area of personnel marketing, which is being formed as an independent scientific discipline, bringing marketing approach into human resources management. Globalisation of the labour market, digitization and technology interference, growth of competition in individual sectors bring along numerous innovations in personnel marketing, which found their place in personnel corporate communication. The aim of the submitted study is to examine application of new trends in personnel communication mix by personnel officers who represent entrepreneurial subjects on the Slovak and Czech labour markets, mainly in the context of addressing professions of short supply. The object of investigation is the way of work with the professional social network LinkedIn and attitudes of human resources officers related to this tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the paper is to introduce the recent findings of the motivation of secondary technical schools’ students in the field of engineering. Technological progress requires higher quality and quantity of human resources working in engineering field, however, the interest of youth in studying the field is falling steadily. A project “Education in engineering and its optimisation for the needs of the labour market” led by the Technical Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR), which is implemented by the Faculty of Education at the University of Ostrava together with the National Engineering Cluster is focused on discovering the factors influencing the choice of these fields, students´ satisfaction with their studies, study aspiration and manifestation of an in-depth interest in technical fields. The results of a pilot research confirm that almost one half of the students believe they possess aptitudes for engineering professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the article: to identify the pull factors of migration among nursing students and the impact of migration flows on the Slovak labour market with an aspect on the health care sector. Findings: Nursing students are most attracted to studying abroad by the following pull factors: legal norms, regulations and requirements for work performance, the behaviour of supervisors, relationships between colleagues and the favourable social climate in the country. Factors that are less influential are remuneration, education and a higher standard of living. Based on the answers of the respondents, a high percentage of considerations about looking for a job abroad were shown. Out of the 423 students, up to 80% of the respondents plan to go abroad for work. The current number of nursing students is not sufficient to cover the needs of the Slovak labour market in the health sector. The massive outflow of potential staff in hospitals exacerbates the staffing problems in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current demographic development in Slovakia is characterized by the fact that the share of the post-productive component of the population in the population is increasing and thus the economic burden on the productive component of the population by the post-productive population is also increasing. Changing the structure of the population changes the labour market. There is a decrease in the size of the workforce. Its gradual decrease may lead to a shortage of employees in some areas. It can be eliminated by increasing the number of employed foreigners. Their distribution within individual regions of the SR is different and thus the contribution of employed foreigners to national income is also different in individual regions. The aim of this paper is to determine the specifics of the development of the number of employed foreigners in Slovakia at the national level and then at NUTS III level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to compare the state and trends of part-time employment of people aged 65 and over in the V4 counties. The methods used in the article were regression analysis, beta convergence and correlation diagram. In the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, the share of seniors employed part-time out of the total number of seniors increased. In Poland, the share of seniors employed parttime out of the total number of seniors decreased. The Czech Republic had aboveaverage values of the share of seniors employed part-time out of the total number of seniors as well as an above-average growth factor. By using beta convergence, neither the convergence nor the divergence of EU countries in terms of the indicator of the share of seniors employed part-time out of the total number of seniors was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the competitiveness of the labour market in Hungary on the economically most developed central as well as the rural areas to illustrate discrepancy. Indicators related to the effectiveness of recovery regarding both human resource management and corporate management are also analysed. A questionnaire survey on recovery from the pandemic was filled in 2021 by 1184 company managers: 61% were received from the central region while 39% from rural areas. The crosstab analysis was applied while processing data. According to our findings, the backlog has decreased in six Hungarian regions except Western Transdanubia, which has been hit harder by the closures and restrictions. The more moderate development of the central region can be due to the presence of its companies on the global market while the catching up of the rural areas was aided by the wage subsidy of businesses operating there. It is worth examining the impact of economic crises on how the differences between the central and rural regions change and also which regions can benefit from the downturn. In conclusion, a crisis might also serve as an opportunity to achieve a balanced economy and regain competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the quantification of the utility of the system of investment incentives in the case of six selected regions in the Czech Republic. Based on comparative analysis of information from the annual reports of multinational companies and statistics of the Czech Statistical Office and the data government agency CzechInvest is quantified impact of the direct effect of creating jobs in foreign direct investment, which received investment incentives. The contribution of these investments to solve the problem of high unemployment rates is illustrative of a hypothetical rate of unemployment. It means what would be the situation of the regional labor markets in the case of absence of these investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]