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University campuses significantly influence functioning and development of urban landscapes and their quality also affects the quality of surrounding environment. This paper presents not only the issues and dimensions of university campuses, analyses of various approaches to their understanding, but also the methodology of their further study – the methodology of multi-criteria evaluation of the quality of university campuses and their potential, with respect to their future development. The study also focuses on the interpretation of the results from measurements of specific university campuses across Austria as representatives of different perspectives on the overall form of university complexes. The results reveal a comparison between the chosen Austrian campuses and the selected campus within the Slovak Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic Monitoring (EM) is becoming prevalent, enabling varied and pervasive monitoring of workplaces. The research design was a set of e-mail surveys. Quantitative data were analyzed using cross-tabulation of data, descriptive and chisquare tests statistics. The study provides an overview of e-worker monitoring in five countries. Twenty percent of respondents believe that their organization uses employee monitoring software to track their activities. Almost half of the e-workers believe that their activities are not being tracked by software. Nearby 1/10 of the faceto-display workers surveyed would trust their employer more using EM. Four-fifths of e-workers state that EM affects their productivity. Presented data emphasizes that companies using face-to-display workers monitoring software can negatively affect morale and productivity instead of producing better work. Further, employees are often unfamiliar with whether or not there is monitoring software tracking their activities. The study recommends that organizations should inform its employees before implementation of EM system to facilitate their positive attitudes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of restrictions introduced to slow the spread of Covid-19, the number of commuters has significantly decreased and e-commuters increased. This analysis is based on Austrians who had a job prior to the pandemic and who were still working during the survey (whether they worked from home or commuted). Using data from the survey, this article examines changes in the mode of workplace of those who switched to e-commuting. Additionally, the authors were interested in finding out to what extent the e-commuting agreement reduces commuting. The following were done: a systematic review of e-commuting literature, a cross-tabulation of data to examine relationships within data, a McNemar test for workplace examination and a Friedman test with pairwise comparisons for commuting analysis. The data show that the number of e-commuters increased in almost all the surveyed periods except between the pre-Covid time and the easing of the lockdown. The e-working proportion increased on average by 59.74%. Results suggest that the frequency of commutes by cubicles differs significantly in all periods except between the first and second lockdowns, and by e-workers between February and the first lockdown and the easing and the second lockdown. If we look at the average rankings, we see that during the second lockdown, the frequency of cubicle commutes decreased significantly and that of e-workers increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past years we have noticed changes in the features of migrating work force from the Slovak Republic. The most common target country of Slovaks leaving for work is no longer the Czech Republic, but Austria. Calculations of migration benefits from the arrival of work force from the Central and East European countries in Austria countries and calculations of losses and benefits from the migration from the third-world countries aim at explaining the development of economical, social and demographic parameters in the country. It may be stated that work force migration from Central and East Europe is beneficial for Austria and high expenses on refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution deals with the concept of innovation and its influence on CSR. It attempts to prove by means of empirical research that SMEs that demonstrate high engagement in the area of innovations have a higher tendency to engage also in CSR. Research was conducted in SMEs in the CEE region, in Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia (n=607). Empirical data were collected through questionnaire. Statistical evaluation of empirical data was done via Pearson`s Chi-square test and Cramer`s V coefficient. This article is an addition to literature at two major levels. First, it attempts to explain how innovation and CSR are interconnected and through statistical analysis proves innovation to be one of the main CSR drivers. Second, it provides empirical data about SMEs in less researched CEE region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]