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Three termite species currently placed into Nasutitermes Dudley, 1890 (Isoptera: Termitidae), occurring in Taiwan, N. kinoshitai (Hozawa, 1915), N. parvonasutus (Nawa, 1911), and N. takasagoensis (Nawa, 1911), are redescribed and keyed. The soldier and worker castes of N. kinoshitai are described for the first time. Neotypes are designated for N. parvonasutus and N. takasagoensis. Significant difference in their morphology and gene sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) indicate that N. kinoshitai and N. parvonasutus do not belong to Nasutitermes; however, as the genus and several morphologically similar and systematically related genera are in need of revision, currently it is not possible to propose a revised generic placement. Based on 438 colony samples, the distribution pattern, dispersal flight season, polymorphism of soldier and worker castes, and termitophiles of the three species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soil-feeding termite, Sinocapritermes mushae (Oshima & Maki), was described briefly in Japanese in 1919 and its type locality is Taiwan. S. mushae is the first found species of the genus, and all the other 15 congeners were described from China, and many of them were compared with S. mushae for species differentiation. However, the inconsistent interpretation of the original description of S. mushae soldier morphology occurred in Chinese literature. The winged imago of S. mushae was later described based on a single specimen collected in China, which is insufficient to represent the morphological variation and caused further confusion. To solve these problems, we re-describe and describe the soldier, winged imago, and worker enteric valve of S. mushae based on multiple colony samples collected from the type locality, Taiwan. Partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S gene confirmed that S. mushae is the only Sinocapritermes species found in Taiwan, but Taiwanese populations present high morphological variation. With the intraspecific variation of S. mushae, we demonstrated that most qualitative characters used for species differentiation among Chinese species are not valid. In addition, the morphometric data showed that the five species, Sinocapritermes sinensis Ping & Xu, Sinocapritermes songtaoensis He, Sinocapritermes tianmuensis Gao, Sinocapritermes yuannensis Ping & Xu, and Sinocapritermes xiai Gao & Lam, are not significantly different from S. mushae, and hence they are proposed as junior synonyms. This study indicates that the 15 exclusive Sinocapritermes spp. found in China need to be more thoroughly investigated, and a further revision of Sinocapritermes is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The winged imago of Prorhinotermes japonicus (Holmgren 1912) is described herein for the first time. The soldier caste and two morphs of the neotenic caste also are redescribed. Based on the similar morphology of soldier, alate and neotenic, two Chinese species, Prorhinotermes xishaensis Li & Tsai 1976 and Prorhinotermes hainanensis Ping & Xu 1989, are reverted to junior synonyms of P. japonicus. The current distribution of P. japonicus includes tropical islands surrounding the northern part of the South China Sea. Another Chinese species, Prorhinotermes spectabilis Ping & Xu 1989 from Yunnan Province and two Philippines species, Prorhinotermes tibiaoensis (Oshima 1920) and Prorhinoternws gracilis Light 1921, were compared and included in discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kalotermes inamurae Oshima 1912 (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) is reassigned to Incisitermes (Krishna, 1961) based on the winged imago that is described herein for the first time. The two size morphs of the soldier caste are redescribed, as is the distinctly different morphology of the soldier of incipient colonies. The distribution of L inamurae is restricted to the tropical zone of Taiwan. Another tropical species, Incisitermes mcgregori (Light), from Luzon, Philippines, has similar soldier morphology and may be a junior synonym of L inamurae. The five Incisitermes species reported in Japan, China, Taiwan, and the Philippines were compared morphologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]