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This article is a reflection on the processes of land regularization enacted by the section 68 of the Temporary Constitutional Provisions Act of 1988 in Brazil and its deployment in the State administrative routines.We believe that new elements have been imposed and we should consider them when thinking about reparation policies and recognition of the recipients of these constitutional provisions. We use the expression "the battle of papers" to refer to the negotiations obstructed by the State notarial procedures. Efforts will be made to show the situations in which the struggle for social recognition challenges the idea in which it is conceived that the runaway slaves demand is merely territorial. Observed in their various confrontations, these processes conceal a moral vocation, led by the runaway slaves, that overflows the logical demand for the "World of papers" and allows us to visualize the tensions on the ways of materializing, moved from orality to writing, conducted by notions of science and permeated by notary logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade there have been several debates about the relevance of online news comments. While some question the hate speech that is verified in these spaces, others highlight the possibility of exchanging opinions. This paper proposes a methodological tool to measure the quality of online news comments, using a sample of 300 comments on highly visible websites in Portugal (Público; Sapo), Spain (El País; 20 Minutos) and Brazil (UOL; Folha S. Paulo). The results determine that commentators tend to use a little personal argumentation (82.3%), although relevant to the discussion in question (60.3%), with few grammatical errors (14.7%) or aggressive interventions (31.7%). Following the Online Comment Policy Evaluation Model (Known in Spanish as MPONC), it is concluded that websites with quality comment moderation systems attract more relevant and timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the processes developed in Brazil and Portugal intended to integrate the Primary Health Care and the Specialized Health Care. Primary Health Care conceived of as the first step for accessing to the health system stands out among the most usual initiatives and thus the family doctors are attributed a prevailing role. It is also emphasized the territorialization of the health services based on the geographic location, the referral to specialized doctors and the implementation of clinic protocols agreed between the parties. The main results indicate that in Brazil they implemented decentralized regulatory systems, and, in Portugal they created local health units (structures owned by the health ministry that integrate primary health care and specialized health care provided by the same management team). In conclusion, this work underlines the need to develop a true investment policy intended to strengthen the response capacity in the specialized health care and to add more value to the work performed by the primary care professionals. This way, they will strengthen the collaborative culture that will translate into successful integration processes with results such as good health and user's satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to discuss how the public budget and the model of basic attention in public health could affect the infant mortality rates in a certain territory. The research was carried out in the Southern Coastal Territory of Bahia, in the State of Bahia, Northeast Region of Brazil. It is a quantitative and descriptive investigation, based on secondary data referring to the period from 2006 to 2015, collected between 2017 and 2018 in official Brazilian public data banks. It was verified that, although the average rate of infant mortality fell gradually from 2006 in the territory, it is still higher than the national average within the investigated period. In 2006, the average rate of the territory was 35.53% and decreased to 18.56% in 2015. However, throughout the period the average rate remained higher than the Brazilian average, which is 18%. Infant mortality rates have a strong relationship with social, economic, and environmental factors. In the case investigated, they are associated with the fragmentation and fragility of public health service networks in the municipalities of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper, one of the products derived from the author's doctoral thesis, is to indicate how the current Brazilian Constitution innovates to define cultural heritage and establish measures for its preservation. With this purpose, the author makes a genealogy of the so-called "Cartas Políticas" of Brazil, which addressed heritage issues. Without examining the process that led to their formation in depth, this paper aims to demonstrate how the current Constitution extends the concept of heritage, albeit with some limitations, such as the naturalization of cultural diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it is presented the results of the first three years (2005-2007) of the application of Restorative Justice (RJ) in the Brazilian juvenile justice system. To this end, it was made a bibliographical and documental researches, so all data used in the paper has not been collected directly by the authors. Good results are verified, despite the almost complete absence of publicity given to the work developed in the country. It was also noticed a considerable lack of dialogue between those who are responsible for the programmes, the legal actors involved, and the local Universities. For even better results, it is suggested that all institutions involved improve the dialogue between them and encourage scientific researches of their own practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal objectives of this paper are to develop a conceptual and theoretical framework to evaluate the cost of protectionism in the Brazilian automobile industry, and present a scheme to compare different studies. A standard partial equilibrium model was developed, and applied to the sub-compact vehicle segment of the Brazilian automobile industry. Two important aspects were analyzed: (1) economic indicators, and (2) supply and demand curves. Four economic indicators were used: (1) domestic consumption, (2) domestic production, (3) domestic prices, and (4) world prices. A supply and demand sketch was generated to determine price elasticity, using values obtained from a multiple regression model. The sub-compact vehicle segment was chosen because it represents more than 70% of the Brazilian domestic market. 2000 was chosen as the year to examine because this was when an import tariff of 35% was imposed on the automobile industry. This trade barrier provided an interesting case study for the cost of protectionism model. The paper concludes that the model clearly demonstrates protectionist polices' adverse effects on the Brazilian economy, which experienced a welfare loss borne by consumers, producers and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a critical analysis of the development of the professional field of Psychology in Brazil and of the training of its professionals, at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Some previous studies are used for describing that field and this training. They have been taken in to account, in order to provide a post facto characterization. This essay finishes providing contributions for training and professional policies that may serve the Country’s major and urgent social and educational demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a technical (based on the exergy amount) and environmental analysis concerning an existing 50 MWe steam power plant located in the south of the Santa Catarina state - Brazil, designed to operate with pulverized coal and modified to operate in co-firing process with coal-biomass. In addition to the power plant, the study considered an extended boundary that involves the processes related to the obtaining, transportation, and handling of both coal and biomass. The exergy analysis was focused in the second law of thermodynamics, while the environmental analysis followed the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, taking into account 1 MWh as functional unit and the global warming impact category, following the IPCC GWP index, over 100 years. For both cases (only coal and co-firing), the exergetic analysis indicated that the power plant is responsible for over 95 % of the exergy consumption. Results indicated that for the case of operating only with coal, 1,230 kg of CO2-eq per MWh are emitted, whereas for operation in co-firing, with a share of 10% of biomass on energy basis, this amount changes to 1,103 kg CO2-eq per MWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal this paper seeks to achieve is to set forth a performance measuring system for franchise sectors currently in place in Brazil, on the basis of a set of indicators being designed which are related with external factors being deemed as critical, and based upon economic and non-economic data being made available to the general public by the Associação Brasileira de Franchising (ABF). Five performance indicators have been designed for the system together with their outcomes, and the model shall be applied to a speciic segment within the Brazilian franchise system, so as to enable the analysis of data being gathered, and the reliability test of parameters being used, thus allowing to ensuring both sectors that the model is reliable vis-à-vis the evaluation criteria being designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researching on the expertise as a guiding tool for planning allows to explore the dimension of epistemological authority in defining policies. In the field of Social Studies of Science and Technology, there are few studies on the expertise when it comes to the Social Sciences and Humanities. This paper explores this relationship through the analysis of texts produced by a Brazilian government Think tank: the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA). The study was guided by the following question: what are the elements that characterize the IPEA institutionalized knowledge of science, technology and innovation? The theoretical concepts articulate Sociology of Science and Political Theory. The research methodology combined field and bibliometric analysis. The literature review revealed: the continuity and discontinuity of topics, research priorities; theoretical referentials and hegemonic and disciplinary approaches, as well as the authors profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its emergence in Brazil, the soap opera favors advertising strategies embedded in its daily episodes, such as the advertising spot. Since 1969, a new phenomenon began to settle, the tie-in, which included to the soap operas' plots some products and services consumed by the characters, suggesting a consumption or a real use. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a content analysis of soap operas in the last two years (2010-2011, TV Rede Globo in Brazil). The analysis focuses on the relationship between the range of topics and its advertising actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to locate the participation of photographers in photo-cinematographic expeditions related to the creation of the Study Section (SE) of the Indigenous Protection Service (SPI) in 1941. Having done this, the focus will move to the SE, where these professionals were identified as civil servants, including the members of the normative body of the indigenist policy, the National Council for the Protection of Indians (CNPI). These members were responsible for creating and coordinating the work of the SE. The hypothesis is that the participation of anthropologists in the CNPI allowed the introduction of applied anthropology in the activities of the SPI. In this way, the team, responsible for the recollection of images and sounds of the indigenous groups enrolled set a fundamental starting point for identifying the ambiguity in indigenous policy at the time simply due to the documental and ethnographic materiality. It is shown such a practice was planned, highlighting the scientism in dealing with indigenous groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to put forward a historical approach to research on the history of teaching, theoretically concerning the two genetic aspects developed by Norbert Elias in his research about civilizing processes --sociogenesis and psychogenesis. The analysis proposed for the schooling process includes a study on long-term changes in individuals' behavior (psychogenesis) referred to students and teachers, and changes in social settings (sociogenesis), especially in the family and the school. This study makes part of a broader research on the schooling process in Minas Gerais (Brazil) in the 19th and 20th centuries focusing on elementary school teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental processing and mental experience is not the same thing. The former is the operation of the mind; the latter is the subjective life that emerges from these operations. In social evaluation, implicit and explicit attitudes express this distinction. https://implicit.harvard.edu was created to provide experience with the Implicit Association Test (IAT) a procedure designed to measure social knowledge that may operate outside of awareness. In this paper we examined the relationships between the Implicit Association Test, and explicit measures. One hundred and forty three Psychology college students from University of Porto completed measures for this study. Results suggest that (a) implicit preferences are pervasive, and (b) implicit and explicit attitudes are weakly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses statistical data about the implementation of the quota system in the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). In spite of the huge national debate about the legal foundations of quotas, little attention has been paid to the way quotas actually work where the system has been implemented. Against expectations, figures suggest that quota students perform similarly to other students and show lower dropping out rates. In addition to this, UERJ starts developing a new identity around the fact that quotas diversify the pool of students and mix people of different social and racial background. However, the percentage of quota students enrolling every year in academic courses has constantly decreased since quotas were introduced in 2003. Reasons for this phenomenon have been hardly explored and are presented as hypotheses due to the lack of research and the difficult access to the pool of statistical data held by the University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine the deep contradiction that envolves the punishment of the privacy of liberty wich, in place of resocialize the violent individuals and inhibit the cycle of social violence, produces criminals and potentials the social conflict. In an anthropological way it pretends to show throught the Women's Penitenciary of Brasília DF, Brazil that is technically impossible to transform an inmate to live in freedom. For this purpose, the process of incarceration is the analytical procedure wich explains the process that women identity suffers once in jail. The encarceration, ruled by many and exacerbated power and control technologies, and delimitated by two rituals of passage wich respectively marks the entrance and the outcome from prision produces institucionalized women, unadapted to live within society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]