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In recent years, with the development of organic synthetic chemistry, a variety of organic synthetic methods have been discovered and applied in practical production. Photochemistry and electrochemistry have been widely used in organic synthesis recently due to their advantages such as mild conditions and green and environmental protection and have now been developed into two of the most massive synthetic strategies in the field of organic synthesis. In order to further enhance the potential of photochemistry and electrochemistry and to overcome the limitations of each, organic synthetic chemists have worked to combine the two synthetic strategies together to develop photoelectrochemistry as a new synthetic method. Photoelectrochemistry achieves the complementary advantages and disadvantages of photochemistry and electrochemistry, avoids the problem of using stoichiometric oxidants or reductants in photochemistry and easy dimerization in electrochemistry, generates highly reactive reaction intermediates under mild conditions, and achieves reactions that are difficult to accomplish by single photochemistry or electrochemistry. This review summarizes the research progress in the field of photoelectrochemistry from the perspective of photoelectro-chemical catalysts in recent years, analyzes the catalytic mechanism of various catalysts in detail, and gives a brief outlook on the research direction and development prospects in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 as a classical C1 unit is often used in the synthesis of high value-added carboxylic acids and their derivatives in organic synthetic chemistry. There have been many reports in the past on electrochemically mediated chemical transformations utilizing electrons as redox reagents. This review will focus on electrocarboxylation methods in the recent 5 years, including metal-mediated electrocarboxylation, direct electrocarboxylation, and some novel electrocarboxylation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dioxide as a classic C1 source has long been investigated in organic synthetic chemistry. Diverse catalytic methods for CO2 activation have been reported over the past several decades. In this minireview, we mainly focus on detailing recent advances (since 2020) in utilizing carbon dioxide to attain the carboxylation of organic motifs via photoredox and metallaphotoredox catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel intramolecular cycloisomerizations of nitrogen-tethered cyclopropenes with indole in the presence of Brønsted acids have been developed. The reactions proceeded through the same pathway but stopped at different stages according to different substituent styles, affording azocino[5,4-b]indole 2 and (epiminoethano)cyclopenta[b]indole 4 in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]