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Although the effect of highways on economic growth has been widely discussed, its role in green technological innovation has not yet attracted attention facing today's strong emphasis on the green economy. To fill this gap, this paper aims to provide empirical evidence by investigating the effects of highways on regional green technological innovation in China. The paper elaborates theoretically on three mechanisms through which the development of highways may influence regional green technological innovation, namely the agglomeration effect, spatial spillover effect, and network effect. To advance the empirical analysis, this paper constructs a spatial Durbin model accounting for spatial interdependencies among regions. Unlike previous literature, this paper uses "the strength of economic linkage" to indicate the development of highways in each city and discusses geographic distance and time-distance effect (spatio-temporal effect) resulting from highways. Using panel data of 105 prefecture-level cities in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2013, we find that: (1) highway has a significant role in promoting regional green technological innovation; (2) significant spatial spillover effects resulting from highways exist and the magnitude of the influence varies with geographical and temporal distance effect. Our findings provide references for developing transportation infrastructure and green innovation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an essential part of ecological civilization, water ecological civilization has significant influence on the green and sustainable development of cities. Under the background of China's Water Ecological Civilization City Pilot (WECCP), based on data from 275 cities in China from 2007 to 2019 by using the difference-in-differences (DID) model, we empirically analyzed the influence of the WECCP establishment on urban green innovation and explored the impact mechanism in depth using a mediating effect model, which aimed to verify whether the "Porter hypothesis" holds true in China. The result indicated that the WECCP had made a remarkable contribution to enhancing urban green innovation in the pilot cities. Further research found that the input mechanism played an important mediating role. In addition, the heterogeneity test indicated that cities in the central region, at low administrative levels, and in the first batch of pilots gained more from the policy establishment. This paper has theoretical implications for understanding the derived innovation benefits of the environmental policy, practical implications for identifying new drivers of urban innovation, and provides related experience for the country to further promote and expand water ecological civilization construction and useful policy inspiration for other developing countries to formulate ecological and environmental policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate green innovation is the crucial driving force to promote green development and realize the construction goal of "Beautiful China." Meanwhile, the development of Fintech creates a more favorable external environment for corporate green innovation. Using the panel data of China's Digital Financial Inclusion Index and Energy Poverty Index at provincial level from 2011 to 2020, this paper studies the influence of Fintech on corporate green innovation by the evidence from Chinese heavily polluting enterprises. Based on stepwise regression, this paper further examines the mediating role of energy poverty, including energy consumption level, energy consumption capacity, and energy consumption structure, in the relationship between Fintech and corporate green innovation. The results show that (1) Fintech contributes to improving the level of green innovation of heavily polluting enterprises; (2) energy poverty acts as a mediator in the process of Fintech's influence on corporate green innovation; (3) Fintech can promote green innovation of heavily polluting enterprises by improving the level of regional energy consumption level, but it fails to influence corporate green innovation through energy consumption capacity and energy consumption structure. These results provide governments and companies with implications on facilitating corporate green innovation so as to further promote green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the coupling coordination degree between digital economy and green technology innovation in 19 urban agglomerations across China from 2011 to 2020. Through the analysis of the coupling coordination degree model, spatial autocorrelation, multi-distance spatial clustering analysis, kernel density analysis and grey correlation model, this study uncovers the mechanism of coupling between digital economy and green technology in Chinese urban agglomerations. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in the coupling coordination between the digital economy and green technology innovation within urban agglomerations. However, there are noticeable spatial imbalances in this trend. Additionally, the multi-distance spatial distance analysis highlights a shift from a random distribution to a clustered distribution of spatial characteristics. The polarization features vary among each urban agglomeration and exhibit a significant positive spatial correlation. Factors such as economic sustainability, creative talent, policy support, digital impetus, and technological support will affect the coupling mechanism of green technology innovation and the digital economy in China's urban agglomerations. Policy recommendations are proposed to foster the development of the digital economy, promote coordinated growth within and beyond urban clusters, and ultimately build a digital ecological civilization that is both green and intelligent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How heavily polluting enterprises achieve sustainable development has become an urgent issue to be solved. Based on the data of Chinese heavily polluting listed enterprises during the period of 2010–2020, this paper adopts the probit method to examine how heterogeneous environmental regulations affect green merger and acquisition (GMA) decision, and propensity score matching and difference-in-differences method to explore innovation performance of GMA. The findings are as follows: (1) Command-and-control environmental regulation (CMCER) can promote GMA, while there exists a U-shaped relationship between market-based environmental regulation (MBER) and GMA; (2) from a dynamic perspective, it turns out that GMA can promote green innovation (GI) in the first and second post-acquisition year, but this effect disappears in the third year; (3) compared with CMCER, MBER has a more pronounced positive effect on the relationship between GMA and GI; (4) heterogeneous analysis indicates that the above GMA performance is more persistent when the acquirer is state-owned, with high media attention, with high internal control or engages in vertical GMA. The findings further enrich the literature on GMA driver and performance and provide references for optimizing ER policies and promoting corporate sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the panel data of 625 industrial listed enterprises of China from 2012 to 2020, this paper employs the method of propensity score matching–difference in difference to investigate the effect of financial–industrial integration on the enterprise's green development performance and the moderating role of green technology innovation on the relationship between the two is also addressed. It finds that first, financial–industrial integration has a significant promoting effect on the improvement in green development performance of enterprises, and green technology innovation has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the two. In addition, the effect of financial–industrial integration on enterprise's economic and social performance is not significant, and it mainly promotes enterprise's green development by stimulating environmental performance. Moreover, the degree of financial–industrial integration has a moderate range in which the role of financial–industrial integration can be better played. Further, compared with state-owned enterprise and large-scale enterprise, financial–industrial integration is more conducive to the green development of non-state-owned enterprises and small-scale enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing carbon emissions is the key to fulfilling the "double carbon commitment" and promoting the green transformation of the economy. The financial sector is the forerunner of change in economic development. The rapid development of digital finance has disrupted the traditional financial operation mode and has had a significant impact on economic development and environmental quality. This paper explores the impact of digital finance development on carbon emissions using carbon emission data from 2011 to 2017 in China's counties and combining it with the Digital Inclusive Finance Index of Peking University. The findings are as follows: (1) The development of digital finance can curb carbon emissions, and this causal relationship still holds through a series of robustness tests. The greater the carbon emissions, the better the carbon suppression effect of the development of digital finance. (2) When regions face strict financial regulation and environmental constraints, the development of digital finance can be more effective in reducing carbon emissions. The existence of a digital divide in general can weaken the disincentive effect of the development of digital finance on carbon emissions. (3) The development of digital finance can promote the development of green finance, enhance the level of green technological innovation, improve green total factor productivity, and transform energy structures, thus curbing carbon emissions. This paper not only enriches the literature on the development of digital finance and the environment but also provides a reference for government departments to improve the development strategy of digital finance and achieve "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and communication technology plays an essential role in affecting CO2 emissions and promoting green and sustainable development. This paper empirically examines the effect of the level of urban ICT development on CO2 emissions using panel data for Chinese cities from 2010 to 2020. On this basis, a spatial Durbin model is used to analyze the spatial spillover effects of ICT development level affecting regional CO2 emissions, and its direct, indirect and overall effects are further analyzed. The conclusions of the study are as follows. (1) The CO2 emissions of Chinese cities are correlated by spatial distance and show high-high or low-low clustering characteristics. (2) ICT development can reduce CO2 emissions in the region and increase CO2 emissions in neighboring regions. This conclusion still holds after several robustness tests. And when the level of ICT development increases by 1 standard deviation, CO2 emissions are reduced by 64%. (3) The mechanism of action shows that ICT can influence regional CO2 emissions through its technological innovation effect and industrial upgrading effect. (4) The impact of ICT development on regional carbon emissions is characterized by significant heterogeneity depending on the city's geographical location and whether or not environmental information is publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of Industry 4.0 technology has substantial prospects for future innovation and corporate growth. This research study investigates the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies on the establishment of environmental sustainability in the manufacturing sector and other associated industries. Industry 4.0 and its associated technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems, have a detrimental effect on environmental sustainability. This is due to factors such as air pollution, improper waste disposal, and excessive consumption of raw materials, information, and energy. The approach employed in this study is an extensive review of a literature review comprising 207 manuscripts that explore subjects pertaining to Industry 4.0 and environmental sustainability. Currently, there is a gap between the current and intended state of affairs. Production is happening in a paradigm that lacks sustainability, which is why this research examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on environmental sustainability and the relevant aspects of Industry 4.0. One of the objective of this study is to examine the notable advantages of Industry 4.0 in the context of sustainable manufacturing. The other objective of this study are to ascertain the specific tools and components associated with Industry 4.0 that have a role in promoting the progress of a sustainable ecosystem and to do a comprehensive analysis of existing literature to find out the effectiveness of technologies of Industry 4.0 in promoting environmental sustainability. This study identifies and examines 18 significant uses of Industry 4.0 that contribute to the development of a sustainable environment. This research shows that the convergence of Industry 4.0 and the sustainable development goals improves environmental sustainability by establishing ecological support that ensures superior environmental performance with a greater positive influence than previously. This paper aims to assist stakeholders and organizations in addressing current environmental concerns by implementing innovative technologies. This study is novel in that it illustrates the integration of Industry 4.0 and its technologies with sustainable development goals, resulting in a sustainable Industry 4.0 that combines environmental protection and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strengthening the synergistic management of carbon and haze is an important means to realize China's "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals" and green development. In this paper, the entropy method is used to measure the key core technology innovation level of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2021, and the fixed-effect model is used to empirically test the impact of key core technology innovation on carbon haze synergistic governance and the internal mechanism. The study found that (1) key core technological innovation helps to promote carbon haze synergistic governance. (2) The mechanism test shows that key core technology innovation promotes the synergistic management of carbon haze by improving the clean energy structure. (3) The moderating effect shows that both market incentives and government environmental regulations will strengthen the positive relationship between key core technology innovation and carbon haze synergistic governance. The main contribution of this paper is to reveal the influence mechanism of key core technology innovation on carbon haze synergistic governance, and also to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism and law of carbon haze synergistic governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important way for China to achieve its dual-carbon goal, green finance has become the foundation for promoting high-quality economic development in China. In order to clarify the mechanism of green finance on carbon emissions, this paper puts green finance into the economic model and deduces the relationship between green finance and carbon emission reduction. This paper is based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2008 to 2019, using the individual fixed effect model, dynamical model, mediator model, and SDM model to study the impact of green finance on carbon emissions and its impact path of upgrading of the industrial structure and the development of science and technology based on the measurement of the green finance development index of each province by the entropy method. The findings show that the development of green finance can reduce carbon emission significantly, which can be sustained until at least the third phase and generates spatial spillover effects; regional heterogeneity analysis finds that the development of green finance shows geographical discrepancies: compared with the eastern and western regions, the development of green finance in central region can reduce carbon emissions more significantly; not only can the development of green finance directly reduce carbon emission, but also through the upgrading of industrial structure and technological innovation. The research not only provides a new perspective and supplementary empirical evidence for understanding the carbon emission reduction effect of green finance, but also offers some useful references for green finance to contribute to carbon emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the technological finance cooperation pilot (TFCP) policy in China can promote energy efficiency remains under investigated. Using the dataset covering 284 cities in China from 2003 to 2019, this paper adopts the Super-SBM model with undesirable outputs to measure energy efficiency. Based on this efficiency, the Difference-in-Differences model (DID) and Spatial Durbin model (SDM) are employed to discuss the impact of TFCP policy on energy efficiency. Results demonstrate that TFCP policy has significantly promoted energy efficiency. And the conclusion is still valid after the robustness checks and endogenous treatment has been carried out. The impact of the TFCP policy on energy efficiency is heterogeneous, depending on the geographical, administrative, and resource characteristics of cities. To be specific, the promotion effect tends to be pronounced in east-central cities, high-ranking cities, and high-tech cities. Moreover, TFCP policy could significantly improve energy efficiency through the effects of technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and financial development. A further policy spillover analysis shows that TFCP policy has exerted a remarkable incentive influence on energy efficiency locally, while the neighboring cities are inhibitive. To sum up, this research is of important theoretical value and policy-making reference on green economy transformation for cities with differential features and energy utilization capacity, by shedding light on the impacts of such a technological finance cooperation system on energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic and technological development zone (ETDZ) serves an essential role in driving green development and ecological civilization. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the impact of ETDZs on eco-efficiency for sustainable development. This paper investigates the impact of the establishment of ETDZs on eco-efficiency by constructing a differences-in-differences (DID) model on the basis of 253 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the dataset. This paper also explores the possible intrinsic impact mechanisms through the channels of industrial structure and technological innovation by constructing a mediating effect model, and the heterogeneous effects of ETDZs on eco-efficiency from the perspectives of regional imbalance and city class heterogeneity. Statistical results report that ETDZs significantly positively affect eco-efficiency and such effects are most significant in the first year after the establishment of ETDZs. Industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are essential role mechanisms for ETDZs to enhance eco-efficiency. Besides, the enhancement effect of ETDZs on eco-efficiency is only observed in the eastern part of the city, with an insignificant inhibitory effect in central and western parts of the cities. However, the establishment of ETDZs in cities with higher city classes is more beneficial to improve eco-efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of the green belt and road is an inevitable choice to conform to and lead the green and low-carbon cycle development and an inherent requirement for sustainable development. Therefore, we establish an evaluation system of green development oriented to carbon neutrality, and calculate the green development level (GDL) of the provinces along the belt and road in China from 2003 to 2018 by using a three-dimensional evaluation model. In addition, this paper employs the Obstacle Degree Model to identify the main obstacle factors that affect GDL, and provides targeted and differentiated countermeasures and suggestions for improving the regional GDL. Our results suggested that the overall GDL has improved, but not obvious, with a low level. The GDL and coordination degree between different regions exist certain differences, and its spatial pattern is characterized by "high in southeast and northeast, low in southwest and northwest". From a regional perspective, innovation capacity is the key factor that affects the green development of the region in southeast, northeast, northwest and southwest China. Driving economic green transformation and promoting industrial energy conservation and emission reduction through technological innovation are the internal driving forces to achieve regional green sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding out how to scale innovations successfully is high on the agendas of researchers, practitioners and policy makers involved in agricultural development. New approaches and methodologies seek to better address related complexities, but none of them include a systematic perspective on the role of capacity in (partnerships for) scaling innovations. We posit that this has left an important topic insufficiently addressed in relation to partnerships for scaling innovations. The need to address this gap became apparent in the context of the CGIAR Roots, Tubers, and Bananas (RTB) Scaling Fund initiative. This paper presents how we explored ways forward in relation to this by combining three methodological approaches: The Five-Capabilities, Scaling Readiness, and the Multi-Level Perspective on socio-technical innovation. This combined approach—dubbed Capacity for Scaling Innovations (C4SI)—was applied in three projects related to scaling innovations for sweet potato, cassava and banana, involving five countries in Africa. It then discusses implications for a partners-in-scaling perspective, the contribution of scaling innovations to sustainable development, the importance of research organisations considering their own capabilities in partnerships for scaling, and the extent to which C4SI was helpful in the three cases—for example, in decision making. The paper concludes that a capacity perspective on the scaling of innovations should be an essential part of a 'science of scaling'. Finally, it provides recommendations for using the approach or parts of it in research and intervention practice for scaling, pointing in particular to the need for context-specific adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to deal with severe problems such as environmental pollution and climate change, the Chinese government has proposed the goal of carbon neutrality in 2030 and carbon peak in 2060. Strategic emerging industries have become key areas of high-quality growth of green economy. In order to solve the practical problems of insufficient funds and financing constraints, this paper empirically measures the financing efficiency of strategic emerging industries. Based on the Super Slack-Based Measure model, this paper selects the data analysis of listed companies in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei from 2011 to 2020. At the same time, this paper systematically combs the index system that affects financing efficiency based on grounded theory. Based on the binary relation and structural level of adjacent matrix and reachable matrix, the explanatory analysis is carried out. On this basis, a systematic GMM model is established to explore the significance of different factors influencing financing efficiency. The research shows that the strategic emerging industry is still in the initial stage, the financing efficiency is not high and the financing output is insufficient. The factors affecting financing efficiency can be divided into 6 dimensions, 20 indicators in total and 5 multipole hierarchical levels. Credit financing, equity financing, financing constraints, technological innovation and government support are the important factors affecting financing efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation (GI) has the dual attributes of green development and being innovation driven, and it has become an inevitable choice for solving the prisoner's dilemma of environmental protection and economic development under the action of the concept of sustainable development in the new era. This paper aims to clarify how environmental regulation (ER) can achieve a win‒win situation of GI and environmental protection by using data from prefecture-level cities in China and creating a dynamic panel model, quantile model, spatial econometric model, and panel threshold model to empirically analyze the dynamic effect and spatial effect of ER on GI as well as the nonlinear characteristics of the relationship between them and to examine the moderating effect of foreign direct investment (FDI). The results show that ER significantly promotes the development of the GI level and that FDI can play a positive moderating role. The impact has regional heterogeneity, time period heterogeneity, and resource endowment heterogeneity. After several robustness tests, the empirical conclusions are still credible. Based on the empirical conclusions, this paper makes policy suggestions on ER, foreign investment introduction, and the coordinated development of regional GI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National and international organizations have introduced policies aimed at sustainable development. These policies are designed to encourage sustainable forms of business to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. Regional inequalities in sustainable development may be exacerbated by disparate levels of innovation. This paper analyzes the variations between clusters of countries according to the degree to which they have achieved the SDGs and their levels of innovation facilitators. Two types of analyses were employed. First, cluster analysis was used to examine changes in groups of regions with similar innovation characteristics between 2015 and 2020. Data for 122 countries were gathered from the World Bank, the SDG Index, and the Global Innovation Index. Second, multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the power of the variables in the model to explain the level of sustainable development. The results reveal four clusters (low, medium, high, and very high innovative facilitators and sustainable development), as well as movements between those clusters from 2015 to 2020. The multiple linear regression analysis shows that the variables have explanatory power with respect to the dependent variable of sustainable development. This analysis also reveals different degrees of importance of the variables for each cluster. The findings highlight the need to consider the limitations of economic growth in terms of innovation facilitators to promote sustainable development. If policymakers recognize the limitations of economic growth and the physical ecosystem, degradation of the environment can be avoided, even when there is innovation. Global and individual social welfare can thus be ensured. This study offers valuable insights into how to achieve sustainable development through innovation facilitators by providing in-depth knowledge of the individual characteristics of innovation systems and considering the limitations of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for technological development as a solution for sustainable development is the genesis of the multidimensional conflict between sustainability, competitive innovation and technological progress. Albeit persistent cognisance for appropriate technology solutions for a specific issue, the debate on the choice between short-run solutions and sustainability, local or global development, awareness and consumption, political gains, and citizens' benefits remains inconclusive. This paper argues that the debate stems from misunderstanding the term sustainability and the strategic misrepresentation of technology for political gain. Concurrently, the inability of the market failure rationale to choose appropriate technology to minimise the divergence between the private and social benefit makes the policy formulation problem more intricate. Furthermore, despite increasing awareness regarding the environmental status, failure to alter their consumption pattern to reduce the energy requirement exacerbates the issues. These multidimensional aspects can obscure possibilities for true sustainability and socially deliberate technological futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, resource shortage and environmental degradation due to rapid economic development have become a severe challenge while limiting China's regional sustainable and coordinated development. This paper provides a case study of Jiangsu Province in China employing the coupling coordination model and geo-detector model to seek solutions for realizing the region coordinated development from the interaction of technological innovation (TI ), industrial upgrading (IU ) and eco-environment (EE ). This study reaches the following conclusions. (1) The coupling coordination degree (D ) of TI - IU - EE system (TIIUEES) in Jiangsu Province was general in the stage of mild unbalance. (2) The D value exhibited a positive evolutionary trend in time series. However, the backwardness of EE constrained the regional coordination development, which led to the slow and small growth with fluctuation. (3) Spatially, the D value generally conformed to a gradient distribution from south to north, which was caused by regional internal extremely unbalanced development. (4) Economic benefits had a decisive effect on the coordinated development in TIIUEES, and the interaction of two factors could gain an "enhanced, bilinear" or even "enhanced, nonlinear" result. This study contributes to exploring the driving determinants of D value in TIIUEES based on the description of the temporal and spatial features and providing a credible reference for future research and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of an environmental protection tax enables a smooth shift from the sewerage charge system to the environmental protection tax scheme. This, in turn, promotes a more sustainable development of enterprise growth, emphasizing eco-friendliness. This is of immense importance in advancing environmentally aware practices and sustainability. Based on data collected from A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2014 to 2021, this paper investigates the influence of environmental protection taxes on the advancement of green technology and the underlying mechanisms. Taking the execution of the Environmental Protection Tax Law in 2018 as a quasi-natural experiment, a double-difference model is employed to examine the causal relationship between environmental protection taxes and the adoption of green technology by companies. The findings indicate that the introduction of an environmental tax could markedly enhance the extent of green technological innovation within corporations. The evidence arising from the testing mechanism implies that such a tax can encourage firms to boost their investments in research and development, upgrade their innovative human capital, and mitigate financing limitations. The study found that there is heterogeneity in the promotion effect of the environmental protection tax on the green technological innovation of businesses in different regions and provinces with varying tax burdens and types of equity capital. Further research shows that the environmental protection tax has a greater impact on the promotion of utility model patent applications for green technology innovation. This paper presents empirical evidence to support further enhancement of the environmental protection tax system. It recommends designing the environmental protection tax policy with consideration for enterprises and local conditions and bolstering the system's capacity for guiding and stimulating enterprises' green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"green" + "innovation" has become a new concept of development. The integration of the two can bring win-win for the environment and economy. This paper selects the annual data of 14309 A-share companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2020 as the research sample. And it uses the two-way fixed effect model to empirically test the impact of green finance on enterprise innovation performance. The study found that the development of green finance can promote the improvement of enterprise innovation performance. The analysis of influence mechanism shows that the development of green finance can reduce the financing constraints of enterprises, and then improve the innovation performance of enterprises; the development of green finance can increase the R&D investment of enterprises, and then improve the innovation performance of enterprises; green finance development can increase corporate investment in environmental protection, which in turn can improve corporate innovation performance. The results of heterogeneity test analysis show that compared with the western region, private enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, and high energy consumption and high pollution enterprises, the development of green finance in the central and eastern regions, state-owned enterprises, large enterprises, and non double high enterprises has more obvious role in promoting enterprise innovation performance. Therefore, the government should issue relevant policies and actively promote green finance policies that can help improve environmental and economic issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging technology, industrial intelligence focus on the integration of artificial intelligence and production, which creates a new access to achieve the goal of carbon emissions reduction. Using data on provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019 in China, we empirically analyze the impact and spatial effects of industrial intelligence on industrial carbon intensity from multiple dimensions. Results show an inverse proportionality between industrial intelligence and industrial carbon intensity, and the mechanism is to promote green technology innovation. Our results remain robust after accounting for endogenous issues. Viewed from spatial effect, industrial intelligence can inhibit not only the industrial carbon intensity of the region but also the surrounding areas. More strikingly, the impact of industrial intelligence in the eastern region is more obvious than that in the central and western regions. This paper effectively complements the research on the influencing factors of industrial carbon intensity and provides a reliable empirical basis for industrial intelligence to reduce industrial carbon intensity, as well as a policy reference for the green development of the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper responds to recent calls to address the indivisible nature of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework and the related knowledge gap on how SDG targets interlink with each other. It examines how SDG targets interact in the context of a specific technology, point of care (PoC) microfluidics, and how this relates to the concept of responsible innovation (RI). The novel SDG interlinkages methodology developed here involves several steps to filter the relevant interlinkages and a focus group of experts for discussing these interlinkages. The main findings indicate that several social synergies occur when deploying PoC microfluidics, but that the environmental trade-offs may jeopardize the total progress toward the SDGs. More specifically, the environmental sacrifices (use of plastics and lack of recyclability) resulted in the product being cheaper and, thus, better accessible. This work suggests that attention should be given (and prioritized) to the use of renewable and recyclable materials without jeopardizing the accessibility of the product. This should minimize the identified trade-offs. These findings inform how analyzing SDG interlinkages relates to the responsibilities and dimensions of RI in several ways. First, analyzing SDG interlinkages helps to execute the governance responsibility by using the RI dimensions (anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and responsiveness). Second, analyzing SDG interlinkages gives insights into if and how a technology relates to the do-good and avoid-harm responsibility. This is important to assess the responsiveness of the technology to ensure that the technology can become truly sustainable and leaves no one behind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a relative dearth of empirical studies quantitatively analyzing the implementation effect of green finance reform and innovation pilot zones (GFRIs) on green innovation at the micro-enterprise level. Thus, this paper aims to construct the difference-in-difference-in-difference method to explore the influence of Chinese GFRIs on corporate green innovation of heavy-polluting enterprises based on green patent data. Results show that the pilot policy has significantly decreased green patents of heavy-polluting enterprises by approximately 42.64%, indicating that the policy has a significant innovation inhibition effect and fails to exert the Porter effect. Furthermore, establishing GFRIs has a more effective inhibition effect on the green invention patent than the green utility model patent. Moreover, although enterprises of different scales have different innovation capabilities, the negative impact of GFRIs on green innovation of heavy-polluting enterprises is widespread. Still, the negative impact is more pronounced for big-scale enterprises. The above empirical evidence is essential in formulating green finance development strategies and promoting green economic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the incentive mechanism of green finance fails to fully promote green technology innovation in industrial enterprises, local government environmental regulations become an important tool in correcting this market failure. However, due to the "follow the cost" hypothesis, the moderating effect of the local government environmental regulation is heterogeneous. In order to explore the impact mechanism of green finance development on the efficiency of green technology innovation in industrial enterprises, spatial effects as well as the heterogeneous moderating effect of local government environmental regulation, this paper systematically evaluates the development level of green finance in 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2019. It estimates the efficiency of green technology innovation in industrial enterprises using the super-efficiency SBM model, and empirically analyzes the impact mechanism and moderating effect using the spatial Durbin model. The results show that: (1) green finance not only positively impacts the efficiency improvement of green technology innovation in industrial enterprises but also has significant spatial spillover effects; (2) local government environmental regulation has a nonlinear "inverted U-shaped" moderating effect between the green finance development and the efficiency of green technology innovation in industrial enterprises. Based on the research conclusions, this paper proposes policy recommendations from the perspectives of deepening the regional connectivity of green finance and promoting joint regulation by local governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation is an essential support for environmentally sustainable development. However, little attention has been given to the impact of financial expansion on green innovation in the existing literature, and there is a lack of studies based on the perspective of the financial geographical supply structure. This study uses latitude and longitude information to construct firm-level financial geo-density data in China. It examines the impact of financial geo-density on a firm's green innovation and mechanisms. The results reveal that as financial geo-density increases, green innovation quantity increases, but green innovation quality decreases. The findings of the mechanism test indicate that an increase in financial geo-density decreases the cost of financing and boosts bank competition in the vicinity of the firm, hence resulting in a rise in the firms' green innovation quantity. Nevertheless, the degree of bank competition increased by financial geo-density increase negatively affects firms' green innovation quality. Heterogeneity analysis shows that financial geo-density has a more significant positive impact on a firm's green innovation quantity in high environmental regulation areas and high-pollution industries. Firms with low innovation capabilities are the main group responsible for the decline in green innovation quality. For firms located in low environmental regulation areas and medium- to light-pollution industries, financial geo-density has a more significant inhibition effect on green innovation quality. Further tests have shown that the extent to which financial geo-density enhances a firm's green innovation quantity diminishes as market segmentation increases. A new concept of financial development policies based on green development and innovation is presented in this paper for developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from traditional logistics to green and low-carbon logistics is crucial and inevitable due to the pressure of climate change and sustainable development in China. Meanwhile, technological innovation is perceived as an important factor affecting the development of the logistics industry. To explore the impacts of technological innovation and other factors and to propose proper policies based on the results, this study utilizes a generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression model to analyze panel data of 30 provinces during 2001–2019. Firstly, the entropy weight method is applied to calculate the green logistics development level based on an index system considering green factors. Secondly, a GEE model which considers the correlation among different observations is used to investigate the impacts of crucial factors on the green logistics development level. Moreover, regional heterogeneity is also analyzed in this paper by comparing the regression results of the Eastern region, Central region, and Western region. Based on the above analysis, several conclusions are drawn: (1) In terms of the average green logistics development levels, the Eastern region ranks 1st, the Central region ranks 2nd, and the Western region ranks 3rd. (2) GEE regression model is proved effective in our sample. (3) For the full sample, technological innovation, trade openness, and logistics infrastructure positively affect the green logistics development level; while, government regulation and energy intensity negatively influence the green logistics development level. (4) Regional heterogeneity is confirmed in our sample. Related policy recommendations are proposed based on our regional regression results. Take the Eastern region as an example, the local governments in the Eastern region should upgrade the manufacturing industry, reduce government financial investment in the transportation sector, and enhance environmental control expenditure in the transportation sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green innovation cooperation (GIC) has become an important measure for sustainable development of enterprises. Based on the knowledge-based theory, knowledge interaction is a necessary mode of GIC. Exploring the influencing factors of knowledge interaction in green innovation cooperation is an important aspect to improve the performance of GIC. From the perspective of ecological theory, taking ecological relations as the lens, this paper further analyzes the differences of different ecological relations (competitive relationship, mutualism relationship, commensalism relationship, and parasitism relationship) affecting knowledge interaction in GIC. The results show that there are significant differences between different ecological relationships and knowledge interaction in GIC. Mutualism and commensalism contribute to knowledge interaction, while competition and parasitism may lead to the weakening of knowledge interaction and even the breaking of knowledge connection. In addition, the willingness to cooperate in green innovation is conducive to the knowledge interaction of GIC. Therefore, the paper proposes that green innovation partners should be selected based on ecological relationship. This paper reveals the theoretical connection between ecological relationship and knowledge interaction, provides valuable insights for promoting knowledge interaction in GIC, and expands the influencing factors of knowledge interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These topics could be divided into four streams, including environmental policy and innovation, environmental governance at the micro-level, macroeconomics outcomes of environmental policy, and water quality management. Chen, Wang, Sun, Chen, Zhang, and Ye employ trophic level index (TLI), water quality index (WQI), modified Nemerow pollution index (NPI), and the random forest (RF) model to evaluate water quality. This special issue is on environmental governance and innovation. [Extracted from the article]

Problems of ecological environment and resources have become an important factor restricting the high-quality development of China's economy. How to better integrate into the sustainable development model has become an important goal of macro-policy regulation in the transition period. Mining industry is a fundamental industry in China. Strengthening the incentive role of mining innovation is of great importance for ensuring China's energy security, reducing emissions and promoting economic growth. However, whether environmental regulation can induce technological innovation ability, that is, the existence of Porter effect, is still controversial. It is helpful to study the influence of the Porter hypothesis on mining enterprises for their sustainable development. Based on the data of listed companies in China from 2003 to 2018, and against the background of the SO2 emission trading pilot policy implemented in 2007, this paper studies the incentive effect of the market-incentive environmental regulation on the technological innovation ability of mineral resource enterprises, tests the existence of Porter effect, and discusses the heterogeneity. The results show that the market-incentive environmental regulation has a significant incentive effect on the innovation of mining enterprises, and there is significant Porter effect on mining enterprises. The robustness test confirms the correctness of this conclusion. At the same time, this paper also discusses the variation of the characteristics of heterogeneous enterprises, and finds that enterprises with utility model patents, no low-carbon behavior, and non-provincial cities and regions with high environmental regulation are more sensitive to the SO2 emission trading pilot policy. This paper verifies the incentive effect of the market-incentive environmental regulation on the innovation ability of mining enterprises, and provides a reference for the formulation of innovation incentive policies for mining enterprises in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting green and low-carbon development has become a global consensus. However, few studies have explored the scientific connotation and influencing factors of inclusive low-carbon development (ILCD). Based on the perspective of inclusive growth and sustainable development, this paper constructs an economic growth-social inclusion-low carbon development (ESC) analytical framework and uses the improved entropy weight method to estimate the ILCD level of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020. Kernel density estimation, Moran's I index, and Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition are used to characterize the spatial and temporal variation patterns, and the variation coefficient and the dynamic spatial Durbin model are used to explore the dynamic spatial convergence characteristics. The results show that (1) ILCD in China is increasing steadily overall, but there is a significant spatial non-equilibrium characteristic of high in the east and low in the west. (2) The overall difference in ILCD shows a trend of fluctuation and narrowing, and the imbalance between regions is the primary source of the overall difference. (3) ILCD has significant path dependence and dynamic spatial convergence characteristics in the whole country and the three regions, and the spatial spillover effect tends to be good neighborliness. The rate of convergence shows a trend of national (4.77%) > western (2.33%) > eastern (1.97%) > central (0.96%), and the spatial convergence of the club is gradually becoming prominent. (4) The factors including economic development, technological innovation, urbanization level and human capital significantly affect ILCD, which also has regional heterogeneous. Therefore, it is necessary to break down administrative and market barriers, strengthen cross-regional cooperation and resource interconnectivity, and bring into play policy synergy to provide decision-making reference for achieving inclusive low-carbon development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental regulation and innovative development are essential means to solve the negative externalities of environmental pollution. However, developing countries often face the dual pressures of environmental pollution and innovative development. This paper focuses on whether environmental protection policies (EPP) can achieve a win–win situation between green development and innovative development. Based on the panel data of 277 cities in China from 2006 to 2016, this paper studies the impact of China's EPP on urban innovation efficiency by using a time-varying difference-in-differences approach. Combined with the geographical features of Chinese cities, we further take urban form into the mediating effect analysis. The results show that (1) EPP has a significant positive impact on innovation efficiency, and the result satisfies the parallel trend test; (2) the robustness test shows that EPP has technological innovation and diffusion effects; and (3) the mediating effect test show that urban form has a significant mediating effect on the impact of EPP on innovation efficiency. Therefore, environmental policies should be formulated considering the differences of urban form to achieve the optimal implementation effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further explore the internal transmission mechanism between technological innovation and green development in manufacturing industry under the background of obvious development characteristics in the new era, this paper constructed an integrated methodology system to evaluate the internal impact mechanism of technological innovation value chain efficiency on green development efficiency based on spatial perspective. First, the Network Slack-based model and Global Malmquist-Luenberger model are constructed to reveal the internal development law of technological innovation and green development of manufacturing industry. Secondly, the spatial Dubin model is employed to analyze the impact of current development characteristics and technological innovation on green development. The results show that innovation value chain efficiency is higher than technological innovation efficiency, and economic transformation efficiency is lower than that of technological innovation value chain. During the study period, the efficiency of technological innovation value chain in the four economic regions present fluctuant growth trend, and the eastern region has the highest value. The green development efficiency in the east, central, west, and northeast regions of manufacturing industry is higher than 1, and it shows an obvious spatial agglomeration effect. Besides, the efficiency of technological innovation, information and communication technology, urbanization, and the advanced industrial structure are all conducive to the improvement of green development in manufacturing industry. This paper studies the influence mechanism of technological innovation value chain efficiency on green development based on spatial perspective and puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions to effectively promote green development of manufacturing industry, providing relevant theoretical research for green and high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerating industrial green transformation (IGT) is the intrinsic requirement of realizing low-carbon and green economic development. Inward Foreign Direct Investment (IFDI) and Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) are the main channels of international technology spillover. Whether the coordination of IFDI and OFDI (CIO) can promote IGT and what role the Chinese government's innovation support plays need to be investigated. Using China's provincial panel data from 2003 to 2019, this paper discusses the impact of CIO on IGT and the moderating effect of government's innovation support. It is found that the CIO can significantly promote the IGT. Government providing R&D funds directly can enhance the promotion of CIO to IGT. However, government releasing innovation signal indirectly shows a significant negative impact on the promotion of CIO to IGT. In addition, the impact of CIO on IGT and the moderating effect of government's innovation support are heterogeneous significantly among different regions. This study not only helps to clarify the relationship between CIO and IGT but also provides enlightenment for government to scientifically formulate innovation policies to achieve green economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study adopts super-DEA model to measure the current level of green innovation efficiency in Chinese provinces. At the same time, Tobit model is used to analyze the impact of energy factor prices and environmental regulation on its efficiency, the results are as follows: (1) Chinese green innovation efficiency average is 0.545, which is at a low level, but shows a steady upward trend. The results have shown that large differences exist in different provinces. Average value of efficiency is highest in the eastern and lowest in the western, and low green innovation efficiency is focus on main provinces of producing coal-based mineral resources. (2) The price change of energy factors inhibits the national green innovation efficiency. The impact on the eastern part of China is positive, but did not pass the significance test, and in central region is negative and also did not pass test, but in the western, it inhibits green innovation efficiency significantly. Environmental regulation has a negative effect on the national green innovation efficiency, the impact coefficient of east is positive, and also positive in the central part, but it fails to pass significance test, while in the west is negative. It can be seen that there are significant regional differences in the impact of the two on the efficiency of green innovation. This paper proposes that we can pay attention to the promotion of environmental regulation, encourages enterprises to actively carry out green innovation activities, continues to deepen the market-oriented reform of energy prices, and increases credit support and introduce financial resources for corporate R&D activities to explore policies to improve the efficiency of regional green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new financial model that balances economic and ecological benefits, green finance (GF) plays an important role in promoting green economic development and ecological environmental protection. Based on the panel data set of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2020, this paper uses the synthetic control method (SCM) to explore the impact of the green financial reform pilot policy (GFRP) on the green technology innovation (GTI) capabilities of pilot areas and evaluate the policy effects. The specific research conclusions are as follows: (1) On the whole, the GFRP has a positive role in promoting the GTI capability of the pilot areas, but this role is different due to the different resources, environment, and economic development levels of each region. The areas with economic development levels in the middle and head are obviously affected by the policy, and the less developed areas are less affected by the policy or even have a restraining effect. (2) Although the pilot policy has improved the GTI capability of the pilot area, the promotion effect is unstable, that is, the implementation effect of the policy is unstable. In the early stage of policy implementation, the promotion effect of the policy on the regional GTI capacity is the most obvious, and this promotion effect begins to show a downward or stable trend in the 2–3 years after the policy is implemented. Based on the above conclusions, it can provide some reference for the revision and improvement of GFRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green credit policy is an important practice to guide green development through the rational allocation of credit funds. Using the promulgation of the "Green Credit Guidelines" policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment, this paper examines the impact of green credit policy on heavily polluting enterprises' substantive and strategic green innovations within a difference-in-differences framework. We find that green credit policy improves the overall and strategic green innovations but has no significant effect on substantive green innovation of heavily polluting enterprises. Moreover, this effect is more prominent for state-owned enterprises and enterprises in regions with lower levels of financial development. Further analysis demonstrates that the green innovation induced by green credit policy increases heavily polluting enterprises' loan availability but does not improve heavily polluting enterprises' value. This paper sheds new light on the relationship between green credit policy and corporate green innovation in China as a transition economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology innovation is the basic driving force of green economic development. The compatibility of the composite system composed of green technology innovation, green finance, and environmental regulation is the decisive factor of whether regional economy can achieve sustainable development. Based on the data of regional green technology innovation in China from 2012 to 2020, this paper discusses the coupling coordination mechanism and coupling coordination level among green technology innovation, green finance, and environmental regulation based on entropy method. It is found that the coupling and coordinated development of regional green technology innovation-green finance-environmental regulation system in China is above medium level. However, there is a big gap in the coupling coordination level among different regions. The coupling coordination level in eastern China is relatively high, and the coupling coordination level in other regions is deviated. Most regions of China have a great potential for improvement. On this basis, this paper puts forward policy suggestions for improving the overall coupling and coordination level of the system to promote national green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the global entropy method to evaluate the technological innovation ability and the development level of green economy in Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2015, this paper uses partial least squares (PLS) method to measure the influence of various components of technological innovation ability on the development level of green economy in China. The empirical results show that at the provincial level in China, technological innovation capability has a significant positive impact on the development level of green economy. Among them, the technology input ability has the strongest influence on the development of green economy, followed by the technology output and support ability, while the technology diffusion ability has not formed a significant positive influence on the development level of green economy. The research further finds that the improvement of technology input ability can effectively promote the improvement of technology output, technology support, and technology diffusion ability. For the sake of improving the provincial development level of green economy of China, it is necessary for China's provinces to enhance their technology input ability and improve their technological innovation resources allocation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic emerging industries are key areas to transform the traditional industrial model of high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions. This paper focuses on the measurement of financing efficiency of strategic emerging industries. On the one hand, in order to overcome the interference of external environment and statistical error existing in the traditional single data envelope model, the SSBM-BOOT five-stage model is proposed. On the other hand, Malmquist index method and Luenberger productivity method are combined to evaluate dynamic efficiency, which select Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei listed companies' data. The results show that (1) external environmental factors play a significant role in financing efficiency. The empirical results of the SSBM-BOOT five-stage model show that environmental factors "raise" the efficiency value of the whole Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. (2) Based on the revised data and the overall and decomposition results of SBM-ML index, it can be seen that the regional industry is still in the stage of scale expansion, and the financing efficiency depends on technological innovation that needs to be improved. Finally, the paper puts forward the concrete strategies of creating industrial development environment, promoting technological innovation, and establishing green investment and financing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Renewable energy (RE) systems are becoming a central component of the clean energy transition and are often seen as the way to combat climate change. Their establishment requires innovation, investments, and deployment policies for emerging technologies. Governments around the world are increasingly trying to create and support the energy-tech and climate-tech innovation ecosystems in their attempt to promote an innovation-supporting environment. However, energy innovation policies are often aligned with the dichotomous notion of technology-push and market-pull and overlook the social, political, and cultural contexts in which RE innovative technologies are embedded, and the multiple actors and interactions that are associated with their development. By combining the Middle-Out Perspective (MOP) and innovation literature, this paper argues that an innovation ecosystem could be weaved from the middle-out. Methods: This paper analyzes the case of 'Eilat-Eilot Renewable Energy Initiative' and Israel's RE innovation ecosystem creation through the lens of the MOP and applies a socio-technical interpretation to the push and pull terminology. Process tracing methodology was applied to trace a sequence of events to determine whether an actor was pushed or pulled, the formation of a network of actors, and its evolvement to an energy innovation ecosystem from the middle-out. Data for the analysis were collected from interviews, policy papers, media articles, and Governmental decisions. Results: The analysis demonstrates how middle actors push the implementation of RE technologies in Israel, and at the same time pull decision-makers and other middle actors to promote the low carbon transition. The push and pull forces and the interactions between actors lead to the engagement of new stakeholders in the innovation network, the adoption of more ambitious RE targets and supporting policies, and the creation of an effective RE innovation ecosystem. Conclusions: This paper uses the MOP as an analytical framework and the push and pull terminology to demonstrate how a middle actor initiates and develops an actor-network by interacting with other actors. As this network broadens, it forms an effective innovation ecosystem. A network of actors has the potential to lead change, provide innovative ideas, initiate research, encourage investments, create employment possibilities, and promote regional sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper examines the effect of public–private partnerships investment in energy (PPIE) on CO2 emissions while taking economic growth (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), and trade openness (TOP) into consideration for Bangladesh from 1997 to 2019. This paper utilizes Bayer and Hanck cointegration approach, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, canonical regression, and frequency domain causality technique. The outcome of this paper reveals that (i) the cointegrating association among PPIE, GDP, FDI, TOP, and CO2 emissions is verified; (ii) PPIE, GDP, and TOP affect environmental sustainability negatively; (iii) in the long term, PPIE, FDI, and TOP Granger-cause CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. This research suggests technical development for a greener production procedure and public–private partnership funding in green energy. Therefore, as a policy endorsement, this study proposes to invest in the latest technological advancements to manufacture environmentally sustainable goods via public–private partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that the joint relation between long-term orientation, environmental quality and innovation plays a key role in explaining the economic and the environmental dimension of sustainability. In our model multiple equilibria of economic development and environmental quality can arise due to a trade-off between the demand for innovation that promotes sustainability, and the ephemeral pleasure from polluting manufacturing that impedes it. Additional to traditional policies such as aid and technology transfers, policies that target behavioral changes through environmental protection may provide a double-dividend of economic and environmental sustainability through an environment-patience-innovation channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent years have seen a surge in international interest in the connections between tourism, technological development, and climate change. This research looks at how increased innovation and tourism might help the economies of the Group of Seven to grow sustainably. Multiple panel unit root tests confirmed the unit root properties of the variables, and the cross-sectional dependency of the panel data from 2000 to 2020 was analyzed. Pedroni and Kao's tests reveal a co-integration link between the variables. Full-modified OLS and dynamic OLS studies show that innovation, as measured by patents and scholarly papers, is associated with economic growth and reduced pollution. In order to estimate the variables, this research makes use of the augmented mean group (AMG) and CCEMG. These findings demonstrate tourism's enormous positive effect on lowering pollution levels and growing economies, two key indicators of sustainable progress. According to the study's findings, asylum seekers did not help boost national economies or participate in national environmental improvement initiatives. Evidence suggests that primary enrollment levels promote sustainable development by reducing environmental degradation and fostering economic growth. The findings suggest that the G7 economies would benefit from increased investment in innovation, tourism infrastructure, and technical higher education. These results provide valuable input for businesses, politicians, and the G7 economies' sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of sustainability and carbon neutrality, green innovation has become a focus of China's manufacturing enterprises. However, how a new chief executive officer (CEO) reacts to this situation is less discussed. This paper relies on agency conflicts, employing upper echelons theory and institutional literature to examine the effects of CEO turnover on green innovation. By using a sample of 1,915 listed manufacturing firms in China, we find that CEO turnover leads to greater green innovation quantity but not lower innovation quality. This result does not verify the greenwashing perspective and shows that CEO turnover is a promoter of green innovation. In addition, we observed that formal and informal factors (represented by environmental regulation and media coverage) have different moderating impacts on the quality and quantity of green innovation. This study provides new insight into green innovation governance mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New technologies or development policies are introduced to support reducing Environmental Impact (EI) associated with product system, while EI associated with it is mostly formulated as a function of resources used and emissions imposed under some assumptions including the behaviour of its producers/users. However, interactions of a product system with its surroundings may violate some of those assumptions. The users/producers of a product system may react to a labelled sustainable technology/production policy such that leading to increasing the actual total EI associated with product system and its surroundings systems, higher than the expected EI. This unexpected outcome is called emerging behaviour or rebound effect. A product system interacts with various systems in its lifecycle, upstream before and downstream after usage stage. This paper introduces a structured approach to study the total EI imposed by orchestrating systems engineering, Lifecycle impact assessment, Object Oriented, and Finite-State Machine to model the complex structure of a product system interacting with its surroundings during its lifecycle. This paper aims to propose an approach that can provide insights about possible EI imposed due to introducing a new technology or development policy and analysing the emerging behaviours in downstream and upstream of lifecycle using yet beyond traditional lifecycle impact assessment approach. This insight can support decision making and mitigate the risk that movements toward EI reduction have opposite outcomes. This increases awareness about possible emerging behaviours and allows preparing for them, for example, by developing complementary policies to assure meeting the full potential benefit of sustainable development approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of a green transformation agenda in China is an important aspect of achieving sustainable development. The role played by green financial development efficiency (GFDE) in this pursuit cannot be overlooked. This paper explored the impact of GFDE on China's green transformation agenda and its contributions toward sustainable development. The study adopts a systematic approach to examine the relationship between GFDE and green transformation, utilizing relevant data and literature. The study aligns with previous research in the field that highlights the importance of green finance in reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development in China. It also adds to the existing literature by specifically focusing on the role of green financial development efficiency in the pursuit of a green transformation agenda in China. The study found a significant improvement in GFDE over the period of 2010 to 2020 in promoting green transformation in China. Both systems generalized method of moments and fixed-effect models revealed that trade openness, foreign investments, technological innovation, and government budget positively influenced GFDE while energy consumption and economic policy uncertainty had a significant adverse effect on GFDE. The results of this study inform policymakers and stakeholders of the importance of green finance in promoting sustainable development. The study intimated that the financial sector should provide support for green technologies and businesses by offering range of green products such as green bonds, funds, and loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper constructs a quantile regression econometric model to analyze whether China's environmental regulation has an impact on export trade and to verify whether the Porter hypothesis has been valid in China in recent years. The results show that in the short term, environmental regulations have a restraining effect on export trade, while in the long run, due to the existence of innovation efficiency, environmental regulations will change from having a restraining effect to a promoting effect on export trade. Strict environmental regulations will reduce the production cost of Chinese products, further improve the export competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, and promote export trade. The empirical results verify the conclusion that the Porter hypothesis is confirmed in China. The following three suggestions are proposed for China's exports to promote the win–win of China's green development and export trade: promote the realization of international and domestic double circulation, avoid becoming "pollution shelters" and support technological innovation in environmental protection industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global environmental problems will require the development of new technologies. How will green technology-related public policy affect this process? By exploiting an economic assessing model of green technical innovation efficiency, this paper examines the impact of two different environmental policies (environmental regulation and government subsidy) and their interaction on green technical innovation. The analysis was conducted by collecting innovation-related data on 30 provinces in China over the period 2006–2016. It was found that there are dramatic regional differences in green innovation efficiency in China. The average efficiency in the eastern region is about 0.8, followed by the western region, the central region and the north-eastern region, with 0.4, 0.2 and 0.2, respectively. During the sample period, there was a statistically significant effect of the coupling of the two policy instruments on the innovative efficiency of green technology of China, which is − 0.01. Regulatory policies have a remarkable incentive influence on the performance of green innovation in the central region (0.5) but a restraining effect on the eastern region (− 0.9). R&D subsidies play an essential role in inducing green technology only in the central region (0.2). The paper concludes that both regulative policy and governmental subsidies have failed to achieve the goal of promoting green innovation development in China. These two figures show the average regional efficiency of the two types of innovation with or without environment-related factors using innovation-related data on a panel of 30 provinces in China over the period 2006–2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]