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We study the intersection of flavour and collider physics for Two-Higgs-Doublet models of Type I and II. Drawing from the flavour precision-LHC exotics search complementarity, we also provide a projection of the future sensitivity that can be achieved in light of currently available analyses. On the one hand, we find that the parameter space of the 2HDM can be explored significantly further with more data from the LHC with some complementarity with flavour physics. On the other hand, flavour physics results alongside their projections remain powerful tools to constrain the model space in regions where direct sensitivity to new states via exotics searches is lost. Our results further high-light the recently observed flavour physics anomalies as important drivers of new physics searches in the future; we also touch on implications for a strong first order electroweak phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst modelling the power-duration relationship permits the estimation of CP to 1 W, we remind the reader that experimental evidence suggests that CP occurs within a range provided by the 95% confidence limits of the CP estimate. This review also highlights that CP differs from the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and uses this to support the assertion that CP is therefore not a valid indicator of the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS). Therefore, we propose that an appraisal of the CP concept based on how long exercise "at" CP can be maintained is a fundamentally flawed endeavour. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The parameters of the power-duration relationship (i.e., the critical power, CP, and the curvature constant, W′) may theoretically predict maximal performance capability for exercise above the CP. The CP and Wʹ are associated with the parameters of oxygen uptake ( $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$ O) kinetics, which can be altered by manipulation of the work-rate forcing function. We tested the hypothesis that the CP and Wʹ derived from constant work-rate (CWR) prediction trials would overestimate ramp incremental exercise performance. Methods: Thirty subjects (males, n = 28; females, n = 2) performed a ramp incremental test, and 3-5 CWR prediction trials for the determination of the CP and Wʹ. Multiple ramp incremental tests and corresponding CP and Wʹ estimates were available for some subjects such that in total 51 ramp test performances were predicted. Results: The ramp incremental test performance (729 ± 113 s) was overestimated by the CP and Wʹ estimates derived from the best (751 ± 114 s, P < 0.05) and worst (749 ± 111 s, P < 0.05) individual fits of CWR prediction trial data. The error in the prediction was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the Wʹ for the best ( r = −0.56, P < 0.05) and worst individual fits ( r = −0.36, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The overestimation of ramp incremental performance suggests that the CP and Wʹ derived from different work-rate forcing functions, thus resulting in different $${\dot{\text{V}}}$$ O kinetics, cannot be used interchangeably. The present findings highlight a potential source of error in performance prediction that is of importance to both researchers and applied practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is possible that dietary nitrate (NO) supplementation may improve both physical and cognitive performance via its influence on blood flow and cellular energetics. Purpose: To investigate the effects of dietary NO supplementation on exercise performance and cognitive function during a prolonged intermittent sprint test (IST) protocol, which was designed to reflect typical work patterns during team sports. Methods: In a double-blind randomised crossover study, 16 male team-sport players received NO-rich (BR; 140 mL day; 12.8 mmol of NO), and NO-depleted (PL; 140 mL day; 0.08 mmol NO) beetroot juice for 7 days. On day 7 of supplementation, subjects completed the IST (two 40-min 'halves' of repeated 2-min blocks consisting of a 6-s 'all-out' sprint, 100-s active recovery and 20 s of rest), on a cycle ergometer during which cognitive tasks were simultaneously performed. Results: Total work done during the sprints of the IST was greater in BR (123 ± 19 kJ) compared to PL (119 ± 17 kJ; P < 0.05). Reaction time of response to the cognitive tasks in the second half of the IST was improved in BR compared to PL (BR first half: 820 ± 96 vs. second half: 817 ± 86 ms; PL first half: 824 ± 114 vs. second half: 847 ± 118 ms; P < 0.05). There was no difference in response accuracy. Conclusions: These findings suggest that dietary NO enhances repeated sprint performance and may attenuate the decline in cognitive function (and specifically reaction time) that may occur during prolonged intermittent exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning has immense potential to enhance diagnostic and intervention research in the behavioral sciences, and may be especially useful in investigations involving the highly prevalent and heterogeneous syndrome of autism spectrum disorder. However, use of machine learning in the absence of clinical domain expertise can be tenuous and lead to misinformed conclusions. To illustrate this concern, the current paper critically evaluates and attempts to reproduce results from two studies (Wall et al. in Transl Psychiatry 2(4):e100, ; PloS One 7(8), ) that claim to drastically reduce time to diagnose autism using machine learning. Our failure to generate comparable findings to those reported by Wall and colleagues using larger and more balanced data underscores several conceptual and methodological problems associated with these studies. We conclude with proposed best-practices when using machine learning in autism research, and highlight some especially promising areas for collaborative work at the intersection of computational and behavioral science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delivery system design and adjuvant development are crucially important areas of research for improving vaccines. Peptide amphiphile micelles are a class of biomaterials that have the unique potential to function as both vaccine delivery vehicles and self-adjuvants. In this study, peptide amphiphiles comprised of a group A streptococcus B cell antigen (J8) and a dialkyl hydrophobic moiety (diC) were synthesized and organized into self-assembled micelles, driven by hydrophobic interactions among the alkyl tails. J8-diC formed cylindrical micelles with highly α-helical peptide presented on their surfaces. Both the micelle length and secondary structure were shown to be enhanced by annealing. When injected into mice, J8-diC micelles induced a strong IgG1 antibody response that was comparable to soluble J8 peptide supplemented with two classical adjuvants. It was discovered that micelle adjuvanticity requires the antigen be a part of the micelle since separation of J8 and the micelle was insufficient to induce an immune response. Additionally, the diC tail appears to be non-immunogenic since it does not stimulate a pathogen recognition receptor whose agonist (PamCys) possesses a very similar chemical structure. The research presented in this paper demonstrates the promise peptide amphiphile micelles have in improving the field of vaccine engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have suggested that dietary inorganic nitrate (NO) supplementation may improve muscle efficiency and endurance exercise tolerance but possible effects during team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise have not been examined. We hypothesized that NO supplementation would enhance high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. Fourteen male recreational team-sport players were assigned in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design to consume 490 mL of concentrated, nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BR) and nitrate-depleted placebo juice (PL) over ~30 h preceding the completion of a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 test (Yo-Yo IR1). Resting plasma nitrite concentration ([NO]) was ~400 % greater in BR compared to PL. Plasma [NO] declined by 20 % in PL ( P < 0.05) and by 54 % in BR ( P < 0.05) from pre-exercise to end-exercise. Performance in the Yo-Yo IR1 was 4.2 % greater ( P < 0.05) with BR (1,704 ± 304 m) compared to PL (1,636 ± 288 m). Blood [lactate] was not different between BR and PL, but the mean blood [glucose] was lower (3.8 ± 0.8 vs. 4.2 ± 1.1 mM, P < 0.05) and the rise in plasma [K] tended to be reduced in BR compared to PL ( P = 0.08). These findings suggest that NO supplementation may promote NO production via the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway and enhance Yo-Yo IR1 test performance, perhaps by facilitating greater muscle glucose uptake or by better maintaining muscle excitability. Dietary NO supplementation improves performance during intense intermittent exercise and may be a useful ergogenic aid for team sports players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]