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In the world of connected devices with enormous application market, wireless sensor network comes with inherent challenges. Energy consumption balancing among the sensors affects its lifetime and connectivity. A hybrid approach for the randomly deployed sensor network is proposed in this paper with better consumption energy balance through the lifetime of the sensor network. An optimized threshold probability is analyzed for the improvement of network lifetime in comparison with stable election protocol. Simulation results provide improved consumption energy distribution and prolonged network lifetime of heterogeneous wireless sensor network. The proposed protocol is reactive to the change in the network, making it suitable for the Internet of Things applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metaheuristic approach based hybrid data routing algorithm is proposed in this paper for energy-efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) applications in Internet of Things (IoT). High speed generation of network demands more IoT enabled services and platforms. Swarm optimization in route finding is integrated with an energy-efficient heuristic method to obtain an improved data routing algorithm for heterogeneous WSN. Particle swarm optimized Residual Energy Stable Election Protocol (PRESEP) simulation yields prolonged network lifetime, and stable cluster formation with balanced energy utilization. PRESEP protocol minimizes the cluster head (CH) selection cycle as an outcome of reactive protocol benefits of easy global search of swarm optimization for sustainable data routing in energy-efficient cluster based heterogeneous WSN. Enhancing the CH selection of developed residual energy based model with meta heuristic optimization is achieved with the incremented round of operations for varied heterogeneity factor. Support for heterogeneous WSN with various network sizes is evaluated and it outperformed previous heterogeneous algorithm in terms of network lifetime, alive nodes, and reduced energy consumption with a minimum number of repeated CH selection processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the enormous potential of internet of things (IoT), many applications are developed for daily life. Availability of tiny sensors for all kind of physical stimulus with wireless communication, enabled wireless sensor network (WSN) to fulfill the development of IoT systems. Challenges of energy constraints and lower processing capabilities of WSN is the limitations for IoT. A proper design of WSN with energy efficient data routing algorithms is the aim of this paper. Alternative to the battery replacement of nodes with advanced node is explored for the heterogeneity aspect of IoT. Hierarchical clustering is taken as efficient mechanism for WSN. Although, cluster heads (CHs) has to perform data collection and communication with the sink node, which needs efficient selection to balance energy requirement. Air quality monitoring IoT system is considered for the framework. The network of immobile sensors with unstable wireless environments are taken for the simulation. The analysis of clustering algorithm shows network lifetime enhancement and better heterogeneous stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]