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This paper investigates the impact of Internet infrastructure construction on enterprise transformation and upgrading and the underlying mechanisms using a progressive double difference model based on a quasi-natural experiment of the Chinese government's "broadband China" policy by matching A-share listed companies and city panel data from 2008–2019 in Shanghai and Shenzhen. The conclusions show that the "broadband China" policy can significantly promote the transformation and upgrading of enterprises in pilot cities. However, its effect shows a diminishing marginal contribution, and the policy is more effective for traditional manufacturing industries during the implementation period. Enhancing human capital and reducing internal transaction costs are two important channels for Internet infrastructure construction to help enterprises transform and upgrade. Combined with the life cycle theory, we find that the "broadband China" policy has the most significant impact on changing and upgrading enterprises in the growth and maturity stages, especially those in the manufacturing industry, but not those in the maturity and decline stages of the service industry. Finally, a series of robustness tests using Monte Carlo simulation, entropy balance method, and instrumental variables method, excluding other factors, show that the findings are still robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sci-tech and finance plays an increasingly important role and have become an important driving force in economic development. In China, the problem of insufficient financial support for sci-tech innovation is important to enterprises. According to the internal relationship between different stages of Sci-tech and the finance system, this paper is aimed at exploring the efficiency measurement method between sci-tech and finance systems. Firstly the multi-stage collaborative structure of sci-tech finance is built, where the system of sci-tech is divided into three stages including the R&D stage, transformation stage of sci-tech achievements and industrialization stage, and the financing channel is the input of the finance system into the sci-tech system at different stages. The measurement method of the multi-stage collaborative efficiency between sci-tech and finance systems is put forward by the framework of network DEA. Then, taking China as an example, we collect the information of 30 provinces and cities from 2009 to 2016 and measure the efficiency of each system and the collaborative efficiency of the both. The efficiency's spatial correlation is tested by means of Moran index. Finally, the influencing factors of the collaborative efficiency are analyzed based on the spatial econometric regression model, which considers the financing channels and human capital. To sum up, there are significant differences in the sci-tech finance collaborative efficiency among regions in China. Among them, the collaborative efficiency of Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu ranks in the top three. Comparing the different stages of the sci-tech system, the commercialization stage is a weak link in many regions of China. Human capital and financing channels of sci-tech finance have different degrees of positive impact on the sci-tech finance collaborative efficiency. Among them, human capital plays a greater role in promoting the sci-tech finance collaborative development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to investigate the possible dual causality between exchange rates and stock indices of China and ASEAN using Structural Vector Auto-Regressive Model (SVAR). The paper has analysed the dynamic relationships between the Yuan and the Shanghai Composite Index and Shenzhen Stock Index in the context of China's third largest trading bloc, i.e., ASEAN, after the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997–98 had an adverse impact on stock indices and the currencies of ASEAN countries. It was also expected that a devaluation of the Yuan would follow soon, thus plummeting investors' confidence in the Chinese markets. Further research was needed to explore the complex relationship between financial and forex markets in the context of China and ASEAN. The focus of this paper is to explore such relationship with the focus on China. The results of the model confirm the dual causality between the two variables of interest in China. It concludes that a positive financial shock does have a small but significant impact upon the Yuan, whereas a positive exchange rate shock has a high and a significant impact upon the Shanghai and Shenzhen Composite Indices. The paper finds the effect of monetary and demand shocks upon the Yuan and stock market indices to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between business strategy and sustainability of Chinese SMEs and how the environmental uncertainty may affect this relationship. It analyses the impact of active and passive business strategies on firms' sustainability and tests the potential moderating role of economic policy uncertainty in this relationship. The empirical analysis is performed by employing fixed-effect and GMM estimations on data collected from 937 Chinese A-share non-financial companies listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2021. The results show that the high-risk active business strategy of innovation and new market development is associated with greater business sustainability, and this relationship is stronger for SMEs than for non-SMEs in China. Moreover, higher economic policy uncertainty strengthens the positive relationship between active business strategy and firm sustainability, implying that in periods of higher environmental uncertainty firms which pursue active business strategy achieve greater business sustainability. These findings are useful for devising business strategy and can assist in formulating policy initiatives seeking to ensure sustainable development of SMEs in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's current experiences with globalism, localism, and advertising can be informed by a consideration of earlier encounters with these forces in Shanghai of the 1930s. In this paper, we examine a popular advertising medium of the time: the poster ad, or yuefenpai. These ads are analyzed semiotically, with a focus on the different ways in which the global transformed and was transformed by traditional Chinese culture in Old Shanghai. Implications for the role of advertising in transforming society are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 1997, Hong Kong's reintegration with China has been founded on the principle of 'One Country, Two Systems', which serves to guarantee the sustainability of the capitalist system in Hong Kong under the rule of the socialist motherland. This paper is an intra-cultural and inter-regional comparative study of the curricula of two systems (socialist and capitalist) under one country, using the junior secondary History curricula in Shanghai and Hong Kong as a case study. In addition to tracing the differences and similarities, divergences and convergences in the junior secondary History curricula of the two systems, the paper also generates proposals for the future improvement of History education in both cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The time-varying spillover effect of China's crude oil futures market and new energy market has an important impact on promoting the green development of China's economy. This study uses the dynamic connectedness method based on DCC-GARCH model to analyze the time-varying spillover effects between Shanghai crude oil futures and various industries in new energy markets. The results show that there was a stable volatility correlation and high degree of connectedness between Shanghai crude oil futures and the new energy stock market. The new energy vehicle and energy storage industries were driving the market, while Shanghai crude oil futures and both wind power and photovoltaic industries were driven by the market.With the analysis results, the study provides scientific policy recommendations for the development of China's crude oil futures market and new energy market, which are expected to contribute to the sustainable development of the energy market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, China's air quality, particularly PM2.5 concentrations, has received extensive attention. China is increasingly dependent on imported oil, and the international oil price fluctuations influence the air quality by two paths. A rise in oil prices puts pressure on the economy and reduces energy consumption, which could improve air quality. However, the substitution effect by high oil prices tends to increase the use of environmentally unfriendly energies, which worsens air quality. In this study, the authors employ wavelet analysis to determine how international oil price fluctuations affect PM2.5 concentrations in China. The authors process a sample of 12 typical Chinese cities, which are discretely distributed in the northeast, north, east, central, south, and southwest of China. The results show that in most cities international crude oil prices are positively correlated to the PM2.5 concentrations in the short term (1–4 months) and that the fluctuations in oil prices are usually ahead of the changes of PM2.5 concentrations. It is more pronounced in industrially developed cities such as in Shanghai. An extension of the study to include the country data yields more consistent findings. Empirical analysis indicates that, in the short run, the substitution effect caused by oil price fluctuations exerts a stronger impact on PM2.5 concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil soluble organic nitrogen plays a significantly important role in nitrogen biogeochemical cycling. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of soluble organic and inorganic nitrogen pools extracted by water, salt solutions, and centrifugal-drainage technique from different horticultural management system soils. Approximately 5.4-16.6, 4.4-46.5, 7.1-18.2, 8.8-27.8, 1.8-5.6, and 1.7-4.4 mg kg - 1 soluble organic nitrogen were obtained by 1M KCl, 0.5M K2SO4, 10 mM CaCl2, 1/15 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), water, and centrifugal-drainage technique, respectively, in the 0-20 cm horticultural soils. Large variation in soluble organic nitrogen pools was observed across the sites in the present study and the volumes of soluble organic nitrogen pools generally followed the order: organic production system soil > conventional production system soil > transitional production system soil. In relative contrast to soluble organic nitrogen, organic management, known primarily for the absence of artificial fertilizers and pesticides, resulted in significantly lower levels of both soluble inorganic nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen in the soil. The degree of soluble inorganic nitrogen recovery appears highly dependent on the different chemical extractants and generally followed the series: phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) > KCl≈K2SO4 > CaCl2 > water > centrifugal-drainage technique. The soluble organic carbon and nitrogen in all soil extracts were all positively related to soil total carbon, total nitrogen, and electric conductivity value. This suggested that soil total carbon and nitrogen played a central role in the retention of soluble organic nitrogen in soils. Further studies on investigating the soluble organic nitrogen degradation pathway and its bottleneck are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural remote monitoring systems based on web-server-embedded technology and mobile telecommunication will become a core node technology in sensing network construction for agriculture production in China. This is now possible because of the very many mobile phone users and the widespread availability of digital services in this country. Soil, environmental, and crop information monitoring are important in production management and in decision-making in precision agriculture. The characteristics of reliability, security and cheapness are essential in the monitoring of agricultural information. Three improved field monitoring servers (FMS) using code division multiple access (CDMA) services combined with IPsec-based virtual private network (VPN) functions were installed in two commercial rice fields in Shanghai and in one experimental maize field in Beijing and a remote wireless sensing network was constructed, in a 3-year trial, this remote monitoring system with ubiquitous node infrastructure was shown to be useful and cost-effective for collecting soil, environmental and crop information remotely for precision agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The North China Famine of 1876-9 was a major blow in a series of catastrophic events in nineteenth-century China that eventually led to a collapse of confidence in the Qing Dynasty and China's Confucian tradition. In both the hinterland epicentre of the disaster and in the culturally hybrid treaty-port of Shanghai, the horror of the famine was expressed largely with feminized images. While local-level observers in north China placed starving women in a narrative that aimed to reinforce cultural norms during a time of great upheaval, in Shanghai the sale of famished women became an issue around which critical debates about Chinese state and society coalesced. Images of women sold to brutal human traders spurred treaty-port activists to broaden their philanthropic efforts to include starving strangers in the north, to criticize the Qing government's relief efforts and to question traditional assumptions about the value of women. Members of Shanghai's treaty-port elite used feminized images of the famine to motivate their compatriots to rescue women in order to save China from national humiliation, thus prefiguring the connection between the liberation of women and the salvation of the Chinese nation put forth by Chinese nationalists in the decades after the famine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent work has provided evidence that the establishment of new industry clusters cannot be jump-started through policy initiatives alone. This evidence does not imply, however, that the genesis of a new cluster cannot be planned at all. Especially in the context of a developing economy, it seems useful to reinvestigate the relation among economic development, the strategies of multinational firms, and state intervention in this respect. Drawing from the case of the automobile industry and its supplier system in Shanghai in which German finns play an important role, we provide empirical evidence of the evolution of a new cluster that is supported by the state in various forms and characterized by a focal, hierarchically structured production system. We use a multidimensional approach to clusters, which leads to a more nuanced understanding of the evolution and growth of a cluster than that provided by earlier accounts. This approach allows us to distinguish the development of the Shanghai automobile industry cluster along its vertical, horizontal, external, institutional, and power dimensions. We provide evidence that another dimension-"culture"-plays an important role, especially in its relation to issues of power and institutions. The role of this dimension is demonstrated in the case of German firms, which tap into the Chinese innovation system. This system is characterized by particular business relations, institutions, norms, and various social practices that are new to German firms. We demonstrate how this difference creates problems in establishing local production and supplier relations and how these problems can be overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the frontier paintings and urban life of Ren Bonian in Shanghai, China in the 1880s. Themes and titles of his works that can be categorized as northern frontier paintings; Background of Bonian; Description and analysis of his paintings.

The article offers a look at the connections between campus life and student protest activities in Shanghai, China during the 1919-1949 era. One of the most striking features of all five of the movements in the period was the speed and ease with which students were able, in each case, to translate anger over specific events into coherent, sustained and organized collective action. A Jiaotong University alumnus wrote a memoir concerning the roles pre-existing student associations played in political mobilization at his school throughout the mid-1940s. It is said that workers generally lacked the kind of extensive network of pre-existing club ties and organizational structures which played a vital role in the development of student movements.

Examines the water quality and wastewater disposal policy in Shanghai, China. Water supply source; Sources of wastewater discharge; Wastewater treatment; Improving water quality; Shanghai sewage project; Zhonggang discharge sewage project; Upper Huangpu river diversion project; Future water supply.

Describes and analyzes solid-waste disposal in the Shanghai metropolitan area. Classification of solid wastes; Location of landfills; Environmental impact; Waste-management policy.