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Background: Historical socio-political processes have produced gross inequity of health resource for Aboriginal Australians and New Zealand Māori. Objectives: This paper argues that socio-political factors resulting from the entrenchment of colonialism have produced significant personal and structural barriers to the utilisation of healthcare services and directly impact the health status of these two vulnerable groups. Design: Discussion Paper. Conclusions: Understanding the actual barriers preventing the utilisation of healthcare facilities, as perceived by Indigenous people, is essential in reducing the gross disparity between Indigenous and non-Indigenous morbidity and mortality in Australia and New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Situating its analysis in the late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Anglophone Atlantic world of print, this essay explores literature associated with experiments with paper currency in Massachusetts, Barbados, South Carolina, and Ireland. These currencies not only helped form imagined local publics for these provinces, but also produced imaginary notions of sovereignty for provincial legislative assemblies and their subjects. It comments on Jurgen Habermas's argument that a free and rational “bourgeois public sphere” emerged in Britain in this period by showing how writers like Swift, in both his British and Irish pamphleteering, persuaded readers into believing that they were part of an inclusive sovereign public. The work of Swift in defeating monetary experiments of all kinds in Ireland, written on behalf of an Anglo-Irish ruling elite that was the only demographic for whom the term “the public” truly applied, mobilized more common Irish readers with patriotic rhetoric. Swift's Drapier's Letters, in particular, thereby created an Irish counter-public to the more strictly elite “political public”—a counter-public that nonetheless became constituted as a popular market for the satire of Swift and others. This reading of the Drapier's Letters, following observations put forward by Clifford Siskin and Christian Thorne-Miano about the “invention” of British literature in this period, argues that the first modern Anglo-Irish discipline of literature is “forged” through such Swiftian publicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the 'Decolonising the Internet' themed special issue which includes research presented at the 23rd annual Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR) conference (2022). The conference theme centred on decolonisation, highlighting the persistence of colonial practices but also the resistance they generate. Focusing on the internet as entailing colonial appropriations, reproducing inequalities, and foreclosing alternative ways of being, the conference theme asked participants to consider not only the ways in which the internet walks on the path forged by colonialism, but also how research practices are implicated in reinforcing the same exploitative patterns. This special issue includes seven papers that cover new and innovative approaches to studying decolonising the internet, including contexts related to LGBTQIA + digital spaces, neighbourhood and local surveillance, data colonialism, misinformation and conspiracies, and inclusion and access problems for Indigenous peoples. The papers in this issue also focus on various geographic locations in the Global South, including Africa, South America, and the Asia Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Patent Act extended to colonial India in 1859 introduced to Indians the right to file a patent for an invention. The article locates India as a site for invention and innovation, not by looking at the legal evolution of the law or the inventions themselves, but at the Indian patentees' engagement with the law. The consistent but small number of Indian patentees is suggestive of patent-filing being a form of sustained engagement with technological modernity. The establishment of a Patent Office completed the bureaucratic structure and was an intrinsic part of the development of India as a technocratic and scientific state. Examining the nature of this colonial institution, the paper examines a parallel process which shaped patenting: Indianisation. The colonial policy of Indianisation shaped Indians' access to employment and research in technical institutes. This had two visible but discrete consequences: in the number of Indian employees whose patents were acquired by the government, and the creation of a notable 'patent culture' with the Patent Office in Calcutta as a site and headed by an Indian. The paper uses the patent law as an axis to illuminate conversations around inventive activity in colonial India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin American universities have been subject to old and new forms of colonialism that act concurrently. Old forms of colonialism are based on a matrix of race and labour divisions that universities have inherited, reproduced, and reinforced. New forms of colonialism are attaching to global forces that promote a world class university model based on prestige, competition and international rankings. By means of both a bibliometric and a thematic analysis, this paper examines scholarly work on colonialism and internationalisation in Latin American universities and suggests that Latin American universities have developed both local and global-oriented mechanisms so as to deal with old and new forms of colonialism. Both mechanisms take place within universities although one is oriented to local actions, while the second has a more reflective nature. It is argued that both mechanisms are part of what has been called 'border thinking', that is collective and contesting narratives and actions that aim to dissolve colonial forces in the periphery. Although Latin American universities have been proactive in developing concrete initiatives to cope with older local forms of colonialism, a further task remains of promoting and instituting initiatives that confront the newer and global forms of academic colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applications of digital technologies to retail money and finance have gathered pace across the globe over the last decade or so, constituting novel 'FinTech' economies. Although FinTech is registering across critical social scientific research, insufficient dedicated attention has been paid to FinTech in Africa. Bringing together scholars from multiple disciplines and fields, this special issue of eight papers asks what is different about the forms that FinTech is taking in Africa, and considers how foregrounding developments on the continent might reshape social science research agendas and political conversations around FinTech globally. In this Introduction, we show how the papers make three main conceptual and analytical moves to attune research to the distinctive features of FinTech in Africa, thereby shifting the focus for research (1) from global financial inclusion agendas to colonial histories and presents, (2) from economic formalization to multiple modes of economization, and, (3) from techno-economic ecosystems to statecraft and international security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Kurdish-populated Southeastern Turkey, oil theft carried out by Kurdish villagers who live near the oilfields in Diyarbakir are sometimes criminalized. But often, the matter is resolved by the state-owned oil company's engineers and technicians. This paper argues that rather than an exterior problem, oil theft and its management are central to the governance of the colonial and militarized petro-geographies of Turkey's Northern Kurdistan. The governance of kaçak oil, I argue is a technology of rule that is predicated in a moral economy of debt, reciprocity, negotiation, and collaboration that reproduces state territoriality and sovereignty. Yet the relations around oil and oil infrastructures, not only operate as technologies of governance, but also become the means through which Kurdish villagers reappropriate such infrastructures through acts of misuse and sabotage, which in turn, expose the fragility of state power. In arguing so, this paper situates kaçak oil as a distinctively political commodity whose management both reinstates the contours of the sovereign state and proper citizenship as well as a site where Kurdish actors redefine the limits of colonial state power by refusing the relations of indebtedness imposed by a violently benevolent state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper maps the ethical complexities underlying the internationalization of sport management programs in Global North universities. Drawing upon postcolonial theory, critical internationalization studies, and studies of global ethics, I review the current articulations that concern the internationalization of sport management programs and highlight the limitations therein – that is, they are primarily articulated from a liberal global imaginary. In introducing the critical and decolonial ethics frameworks, I present some alternative possibilities to envision internationalization practices and policies in sport management programs. Sport management scholars and educators located in Global North institutions are encouraged to confront the ethical challenges of internationalization and generate more globally accountable ways of "doing" internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonial administrations introduced various social infrastructures in Africa. This paper analyses and compares the development of colonial governments' health care provision and policies in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire from circa 1900 to 1955. Using qualitative and quantitative information from colonial reports, a new dataset captures the development of four factors relevant to these aims: health care expenditures, health care facilities, medical staff, and patients. Deflated health care expenditures per capita were found to be higher in Ghana than in Côte d'Ivoire in almost all years. The number of health care facilities per capita was larger in Côte d'Ivoire than in Ghana, and facilities were more geographically dispersed. Ghana had a lower number of medical staff per capita than Côte d'Ivoire as of the 1920s. Medical staff from Côte d'Ivoire formed the majority of the staff base as early as the mid-1910s. Finally, the analysis shows that the number of patients treated in health care facilities in Ghana was low until the 1920s, and took off as more facilities became available during the 1940s. These findings provide evidence that even two countries that are relatively similar (apart from their colonial history) can have different colonial health care trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do assumptions about where children naturally belong reinforce colonial productions of the human? This paper presents research from a study examining how North American Waldorf educators navigated the colonial legacies of common-sense understandings of childhood. I focus on the ideas about childhood that emerge in a belief that Waldorf kindergartens are ideal places for children. The pedagogical space of the Waldorf kindergarten is built on intuited assumptions about children being close to nature, family, and home. I bring together childhood studies and anticolonial theory to argue that these assumptions are not neutral or ahistorical, but instead originate in colonial stories of the human structured by settler geographies. This paper explores how relying on these assumptions ultimately meant that participants had to negotiate the racism and ableism embedded within their origins, illustrating larger implications for other educators who navigate dominant Western understandings of childhood that organise pedagogy and pedagogical spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elite schools in the UK are bound to the history of British colonialism. This paper examines the material ties between these schools and the transatlantic slave trade. We combine multiple sources to examine which schools and their alumni accrued substantial economic capital derived from the enslavement of Black people. We find two principal connections: first, in donations and foundations of schools from those who made their fortune in the slave trade; and second, through income of boys attending these schools. Drawing on the Legacies of British Slavery dataset, we show that schools with alumni benefitting from the slave trade include the most prestigious British private schools. Moreover, this paper traces the histories of several secondary schools founded by, or in receipt of, substantial donations from slave-owning families. We argue that extractive, violent forms of colonial capital accumulation have been central to, the formation and maintenance of these elite educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sought to understand how fathers perceived schooling of their children with intellectual disabilities and how this impacted upon their involvement. The paper reports specifically on the views of fathers, teachers and mothers of children with intellectual disabilities regarding how fathers understood schooling and how the understanding affected father involvement at a special school. The findings are a part of a larger case study conducted at one special school for children with intellectual disabilities in Kenya. Purposive sampling was used to recruit nine teachers, eight fathers, and six mothers of children with intellectual disabilities from the special school. Individual interviews, focus group discussions and a document review were the data collection methods. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Fathers' understanding of schooling was expressed in the two themes emerging: the ambivalence of the purpose of the school and a focus on functional skills. Fathers want their children with disabilities to be educated, which means gaining knowledge and skills that would lead to becoming self-reliant, but they do not always agree with schooling which is the way that society has chosen to educate children. While fathers may not be involved in schooling they often are involved and concerned about education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As with other settler colonies, Aotearoa New Zealand has seen a long-running conflict between a Euro-centric 'master narrative' of the historical past and Indigenous counter-narratives. Previous research on these narrative struggles adopts the 'top-down' perspective on collective remembering, focusing primarily on how memory entrepreneurs deploy cultural texts and practices to construct particular representations of history. To broaden the methodological scope, the analysis developed in this paper follows the 'bottom-up' approach, which makes it possible to map the distribution of collective memories across individuals and investigate their attitudinal effects. By means of a rigorous survey study (N = 1,066), the paper reveals three key findings about collective remembering in Aotearoa New Zealand. First, individuals in the 'critical years' of adolescence are more open to weaving Indigenous Māori perspectives into their understandings of history than older generations. Second, when compared to the monocultural master narrative, historical reconstructions that reflect Māori experiences promote a more inclusive understanding of national identity and generate public support for redressing historical injustices against Māori. Third, the empirical analysis finds no evidence for claims made by conservative political actors that creating space for the articulation of Māori histories perpetuates social division and weakens popular identification with the nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses relationships between whiteness and damage in the university classroom through a focus on two contemporary areas of critical education in Canada: raising white racial consciousness and truth and reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. First, whiteness is damage-producing – it orients anti-racist education towards white students and their needs, there by harming the well-being and constraining the education of non-white students. Second, whiteness gravitates towards what Unangax scholar Eve Tuck calls "damage-centred approaches," which objectify non-white suffering, pathologising Indigenous peoples whilst obfuscating the ongoing reproduction of racism and colonialism. As such, white educators must remain assiduously vigilant about a key tension regarding whiteness and damage: that our pedagogical focus on racial and colonial oppression can simultaneously raise critical consciousness and divert attention away from more fundamental interrogations of whiteness, agency, and relationality within a systemically racist social order. The article closes with some considerations for educators in terms of addressing complicity in their institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe paper addresses and contributes to one of the core debates concerning the usage of terminologies such as ‘loyalists’ and ‘rebels’, often ascribed to actors involved in the anti-colonial movements across the world. By taking the case of the Indian rebellion of 1857, the paper argues that moments such as this, more often than not, have subtle and nuanced reflections, and the trajectories of responses transcend simplistic categorisations. In the mid-nineteenth century colonial Bengal ‘loyalism’ of the middle-class intelligentsia towards the foreign rule contained internal contradictions, which was far more nuanced than has been portrayed in the last one and half centuries. Based on the contemporary reports, memoirs, and writings, the paper argues that while the nature of opposition and resistance were reflected in a rhetoric that was different, they emanated from similar sets of discontents, and would play a pivotal role in shaping the later-day discourse of nationalism in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian Evidence Act 1872 was a significant component of the legal codification project of colonial India. It aimed to consolidate scattered common law rules of evidence into an organized and workable code. Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, its principal draftsman, attempted to design a statute that would not only reorganize evidence law into cogent provisions but also improve its most confusing aspects, such as the fact-evidence distinction, hearsay, and relevance. Stephen did this by introducing conceptual categories and amending existing rules. In this paper, I show how the design of the Act aimed to achieve substantive reform of evidence law. I argue that judicial interpretation and academic scholarship have misconstrued the Act's principles and structure, undermining its intended improvements on common law rules. Consequently, the legal confusions it had sought to resolve have continued to persist in evidence law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper questions why, despite capitalism's intimate connections with sport, it is rarely named, let alone explicitly discussed in sport management. It questions whether capitalism should remain as the invisible, ghostly backdrop wherein sport management is located and conceptualized. This paper is primarily a position and conceptual paper, though it is foregrounded with a search of the term 'capitalism' within leading sport management academic journals, conference abstracts, and textbooks. It also provides a synopsis of capitalism (as a global system of power) and suggests that capitalism has a ghostly presence in contemporary sport management scholarship. This paper advocates for an expansive understanding of 'sport management' as the organizing processes of sport activities, as opposed to the 'managing' modalities with capitalist values. Naming capitalism is a necessary first step for sport management research to become more accountable to social justice and emancipation. Naming capitalism makes it analyzable. It opens up intellectual space to support multi-racial, multi-gender working-class and anti-colonial struggles within and beyond the sport industry, furthering existing analyses on racism, sexism, heteronormativity, ableism, etc. with a renewed focus on contradictions under capitalism. Moreover, it opens up possibilities to theorize non-capitalist forms of organizing sport that challenge the default logics of the sport 'industry'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes the intersectional domains of power framework to examine Black Cypriot women's experiences with Afro hair in a community where black colour, hair, and features are othered. This paper draws particular attention to the interpersonal and cultural domains of power. We examine how hair prejudice has endured within families and in the Turkish Cypriot community by focusing on space and time differences. We compare the experiences of five women who were born in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1980s. We aim to connect the history of slavery and colonialism to show how the unique experiences of Black women in Cyprus are also tied to global racism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a critical analysis of the Russian National Atlas (2004–2008), the presentation of which is based on the tradition of the Soviet school of complex atlas production, and which is the first (and so far only) Soviet and post-Soviet Russian national atlas. Following the critical cartography approach, this paper deconstructs the atlas' structure and the range of presented maps to decode the construction of the national spatial identity and the imposed "cartographic silences". The paper shows how the presented maps and texts aligns with the overarching image of the Russian State as strong military state, and reveals the colonial narratives toward its Northern and Eastern peripheries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Calcutta madrasa was one of the many institutions which witnessed recurrent attempts at reform in Muslim societies during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Since the eleventh century, when madrasas first emerged as the principal institution of higher Islamic learning, it has undergone many changes, adapting in varying degrees to local cultures and changing times. Given the centrality of the Calcutta madrasa in the preservation and production of knowledge as well as in the formation of the religious elite, the madrasa was crucial to the construction of religious authority. This paper attempts to arrive at a deeper understanding of the origin and nature of the Calcutta madrasa. The first half explores the impact of British educational policies and conceptions of knowledge on the very "traditionalists" attempt to protect Islamic knowledge and learning from its feared extinction under colonial rule. The madrasa institution established by and during colonial rule emerges as a more complex entity that absorbed both colonialist and traditionalist conceptions, which continued to be renegotiated even after the madrasas, had been firmly established. This aspect will be discussed in the second part of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper highlights that the proliferation of Indigenous sport research has not been focused on examining Indigenous games and sports. Additionally, no one has to date produced a framework for understanding them on their own merits even though these games now form part of a national physical education curriculum. The overwhelming majority of research focuses on Indigenous engagement with the British imports of cricket, the rugby codes, soccer, and Australian Rules football. We argue that this focus serves to diminish Indigenous cultures and adaptability to colonial forces, that, while disruptive, never eliminated Indigenous games and sports which go back as far as 60,000 years. We lay out such a framework in the hopes that future research will ensure that Indigenous games and sports are understood historically and in the present day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Faced with the decline of British West Indian plantations and a growing abolitionist tide, Foreign Secretary George Canning embarked upon the policy of amelioration in 1823 with the aim of eradicating the worst excesses of British plantation slavery. Scholars have regarded the rise of ameliorationism within a British imperial framework, neglecting Canning's use of a modernized consular service in this policy's promotion, and obscuring its transnational links to other Caribbean locations. This paper argues that Canning's flagship consular intervention, Britain's consulate-general at the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince, became a major factor in the advancement of colonial amelioration. Charles Mackenzie, the British consul-general to Haiti, adhered to Canning's ameliorationism, despite Haitian officials' active attempts to enlist his support in the recognition and legitimation of their radical emancipatory project. Mackenzie's mission undermined the abolitionist cause, reinforced the policy of planter indemnification, and facilitated the marginalization of Haiti in the Atlantic world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christian missions in colonial Africa have contributed significantly to the expansion of formal education and thereby shaped the continent's long-term economic and political development. This paper breaks new ground by showing that this process depended on local demand for education. It is argued that disagreements over norms, and in particular the struggle over polygamy, which resulted from missions' insistence on monogamy in traditionally polygamous areas, lowered African demand for education. Analyses of geocoded data from historical and contemporary sources, covering most of sub-Saharan Africa, show that the struggle is associated with worse educational outcomes today. Effects are not limited to formal attainments but carry over to informal outcomes, in particular literacy. The findings attest to considerable heterogeneity in missionary legacies and suggest that local conditions should be given greater consideration in future studies on the long-term consequences of colonial-era interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the thought of the Indian revolutionary and philosopher M.N. Roy (1887–1954). The essay argues that Roy's pivot from Marxism to a liberal 'New Humanism' over the course of the 1930s and 1940s was shaped by his thinking about fascism and represents a broader turn away from a materialist reading of history and loss of confidence in the Indian working class. The paper begins with an analysis of Roy's early communism, and considers his later critique, elaborated from the 1930s onwards, that 'Gandhism' represented an Indian form of fascism, and explores how these arguments led to his rejection of Marxism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper follows young people's shifting sense of inheritance in the context of the environmental and ontological crises of the epoch named the Anthropocene. It discusses a research project in which young people were invited to work critically and creatively with a British university museum to explore its storerooms and exhibits. The ethnographic and artistic engagements led to the curation of a 'cabinet of curiosities' within the museum itself. We use the concept of atmosphere to examine the ways in which space, time, and affect entangle with museological practices of curiosity, care, and curation to produce particular feelings and figurations of inheritance. We propose atmospheric attunement as a means of critically and care-fully examining and re-curating the inheritance of the Anthropocene, including the failures and absences due to colonial disinheritance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the historical antecedents of the terminologies ascribed to the Chinese in the Philippines, focusing on the late Spanish to the early American colonial periods. Many government records, newspapers, or books categorized the "Chinese" as either sangley, intsik, Chinese mestizo, or "Chinese/Chino," in contradistinction to Christianized natives who were labeled as "Indios" and later "Filipinos." Following dominant and nationalized classifications of race, past scholarship on the Chinese in the Philippines also tended to paint the "Chinese" in the Philippines in a binarist opposition against "Filipinos." The essentialization of ethnicities has resulted in the perpetuation of a homogenized and monolithic "Chinese" identity that we see in the country today. Using government and non-government publications from the period under study, this paper seeks to demonstrate the power dynamic at particular moments in Philippine society that has led to the reification, reinvention, and reconfiguration of what it means to be "Chinese." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On January 1, 1915, Gool Badsha Muhammad and Mullah Abdullah shot at a picnic train as it left the city of Broken Hill, Australia, headed towards the village of Silverton, killing four and wounding seven. Had it not been for this horrific act and tragic loss of life, it is likely that little would be remembered of the perpetrators. The focus of this paper is to provide a reassessment of the often-reiterated claim that Mullah Abdullah was the mullah, imam, or "Islamic priest" of the Cameleer community in Broken Hill. After examining scholarly literature evidence will be drawn, primarily from newspaper reports of the period to assess what, if any, support there is for this claim. The paper will utilize comments made within the newspaper reports regarding Mullah Abdullah in order to examine the extent to which he could have been considered a religious leader amongst his community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pervasive border-making processes continue to produce territories and new borders within independent African states. Yet, current African border scholarship does not pay enough attention to the ongoing colonial dominance in post-independence practices in sub-national borders. This paper examines both colonial and post-independence mechanisms that support the creation and governance of the Selous Game Reserve: a World Heritage Property of significant ecological and economic importance within Tanzania's national jurisdiction. The paper draws attention to how past and present border processes depend on both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. It argues that there are similarities between the way borders in Selous Game Reserve are being redrawn and colonial-style border making practices sanctioned at the Berlin conference. The case study of Selous Game Reserve challenges the current pre-occupation of African scholars and technocrats with state borders and their artificiality by highlighting the material impact of internal border-making processes. The paper calls for a critical analysis of sub-national borders in post-independence Africa, especially the ways in which internal and external forces produce them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reflects on the 2020 USAID Evidence Summit on Strategic Religious Engagement and the field of "religions and development" from the perspective of a practitioner and scholar working in intergovernmental and inter-/multi-religious organizations and spaces for over three decades. Reviewing the papers presented at the Summit, this essay raises some criticisms about perceived gaps in the discussions which also reflect gaps in scholarly work, as well as in some of the ongoing practices, including asking some questions about inclusion of actors, analysis, and narratives not available in English and/or presenting the work of non-Christian resources. The essay ends with some recommendations for working on the religion-and-development nexus going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Area Development & Policy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the long-term history underpinning the tension between the "national" army and provincial "militias" that led to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan in April 2023. Sudan's British colonizers created the distinction between what would later become a professional military in the northern region of the country, and what were deemed as "tribal", irregular and ethnically defined forces elsewhere. The aspiring revolutionaries of the post-independence era hoped they could use the military as a short-cut to social change and modernization that would sweep away the neo-tribal system of "Native Administration" imposed by the British, but by aligning themselves to an unreformed colonial army and economic system, found that they forced violent reactions in marginalized regions. The reactions included Western Sudanese involvement in attempts to change the regime in Khartoum by force in 1971, 1975, 1976, and 2008, which this paper documents. These crises exposed the broader tensions within Sudanese nationalism, based as it was on the ideal of synergy between military and people. The paper draws on a wide range of Arabic and English sources, including newspapers and archival content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cold War legacies pose significant challenges for heritage management and interpretation at landscape scale. This paper explores an area where management and interpretation overlap, in terms of how postcolonial attitudes usually require something to be done with these sites. We argue that this need not be the case and that a 'rest state' can be an important stage in a site's lifecycle. We focus in particular on United States Ground-launched Cruise Missile (GLCM) sites, of which six were built across Europe. All six are reminiscent of more conventional industrial sites co-located with their occupational communities yet they also exist as homes from home on gifted foreign soil typically occupying large areas. By examining these comparable sites at different stages of their heritage itineraries, we test the validity of some new interpretive and heritage management concepts including, if not leading towards, a rest state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decolonization is an ongoing process of addressing power imbalances and knowledge hierarchies. The role of social work is to serve the wellbeing of people and communities. However, social work in Uganda is part of a colonial legacy situated within systems of power. Due to colonization, social work practice bears the vestiges of colonialism often disconnecting the indigenous peoples from their cultures, history, traditions, land, water, resources, and knowledges. In some cases, social work practice has further alienated the very people it purportedly seeks to serve reproducing oppression and systemic inequities. This paper examines the impact of colonialism in service provision and proposes ways to break free of structures of coloniality. It proposes an African-centric framework through the reclamation of traditional values and beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the attitudes towards engineering within early socialism in Britain. It asks why Owenites, as well as Chartists and Fourierists, were drawn to German-American utopian engineer John Adolphus Etzler’s settlement plans in the tropics. Etzler envisioned a tropical paradise run by machinery, where workers and their families lived in a cooperative community and worked only 50 days a year. First, the paper conceptualises the notion of utopian engineering, then it discusses the ambivalences in Robert Owen’s attitudes towards machinery. It shows that Owen endorsed mechanization as a tool to reduce child labour but feared that it caused unemployment and misery among adult skilled workers. The third part investigates Owen’s endorsement of Etzler’s colonial scheme, arguing that the early socialist and the engineer were mutually dependent on each other. Etzler provided Owen with a solution to his technological conundrum, while Owenite publications offered him a means to reach broader audiences for his Tropical Emigration Society. By demonstrating this entanglement, my paper adds to the literature of the relationship between utopia, early socialism, and engineering, and shows that mechanization was as central to early socialism as the abolition of private property, bourgeois marriage and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using an Afrocentric perspective, this paper investigates the concept of ethnic stereotype, the divergent experiences of white and black migrants, and how negative stereotyping of Africans has contributed to the xenophobia against black migrants in Africa and across the globe. One critical question addressed in this paper is why Africans hate migrants from other African countries but respect white migrants. The answer to this question is the same reason black migrants in Western nations are oppressed and discriminated against by their white hosts. This paper shows that this problem is rooted in the longstanding malicious stereotype of black inferiority that developed in the context of slavery and colonialism. If stereotyping is about creating ‘otherness,’ then the white man has assumed the position of the ‘ultimate other’ in the African mind. The internalization of colonialism and oppression also makes many Africans consider their fellow black men the ‘inferior other.’ The paper demonstrates that deconstructing anti-black stereotypes is key to addressing Afrophobia. This will require deliberate efforts to regain the African mind from the colonial-fabricated lies about Africa and the denigration of black people that have pervaded the global epistemological space. Positive pictures of African culture and history must be projected, which calls for the decolonizing of the media and the formal education system. This paper also traces the origins of anti-black stereotyping, an important history that must be uncovered to restore the self-esteem of black people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses online racial hate speeches in Portugal. The theory underpinning this research challenges the idea that racism is an epiphenomenon in European and Portuguese history. Beginning with a theoretical framework which conceives racism as a historically constructed system of power and privilege, we argue that its structural nature paved the way for the consolidation and normalisation of openly racist discourses. Moreover, this paper demonstrates that the nature of racist narratives can only be understood from a theoretical conceptualisation which problematises the Portuguese colonial past and its current continuities. In this research, a critical analysis of discourses produced and reproduced on social media, namely Facebook and Twitter, was carried out. From a comparative analysis of the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the idea that this health crisis coincided with a shift of the dominant racist narratives is thus challenged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines attempts by colonial authorities in nineteenth-century Singapore and Batavia (now Jakarta) to employ ceremonial processions to manage the ethnic diversity of these two major colonial capitals. Public spectacles formed a key forum for the reinforcement of ethnic categories and the negotiation of inter-community relations in the context of the colonial city. The paper looks at two case studies: the procession on the occasion of the arrival of governor-general Jan Jacob Rochussen in Batavia in 1845, and a second one celebrating the Duke of Edinburgh's visit in Singapore in 1869. The analysis shows how these events attempted to fix ethnic categories spatially on the maps of the respective cities. Comparing the two events to a Malay account of the 1864 Muharram celebrations, the article also analyses the different ways that official and community-led processions employed mobility, visuality and sound to represent ethnicity and inter-community relations or hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the middle of the twentieth century, when the European Union (EU) started to take shape, numerous European colonies – many with a significant Muslim population – gained independence. These two moments in history need to be read in relation to each other when thinking about "Islam in Europe". This paper engages in such a relational reading and shifts the analytical focus from "Islam" to "Europe", exploring the ways "EUrope" manifests itself in the city of Brussels. By combining a spatialized analysis of the European Quarter with the conceptual lens of the "palimpsest", I seek to offer a spatiotemporal framing that renders visible the material remains of imperial formations within the fabric of "EUrope". The paper further explores how these often unmarked layers configure EU-space as "white" and Christian, and impact the ways Muslim bodies navigate within the EU-fabric and create counterspaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The sudden departure of foreign, mostly white, development staff from Pacific countries in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, created a 'natural experiment' where local staff continued to work but without the accompaniment (and oversight) of their foreign counterparts. This paper reflects on evidence from the lived experiences of 12 experienced local development staff during this time. They detail how the absence of foreign staff led to increased opportunities for local staff, greater cultural sensitivity and relativity in the workplace, and the successful on-going operations of programs left in the hands of local workers. We position these experiences in relation to broader issues of racism, neo/colonialism and the centring of whiteness in the development industry to highlight the on-going structures that inhibit black and brown colleagues, and to provoke white development actors to work to redress on-going injustices in the industry. We specifically recommend white development actors openly discuss racism in the industry, enhance their knowledge of local cultures and politics, and work to cede space to local staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper interrogates "civic recreation"—a type of collective action found among participants of alternative lifestyle sports, such as mountain biking, surfing, and rock climbing. Although scholarship celebrates civic recreation for fostering resource stewardship and local environmentalism, the literature largely fails to acknowledge that it also perpetuates access to romanticized notions of "wilderness" among the privileged, while marginalizing other social/cultural relationships to nature. We examine how the logic of white environmentalism serves as an orienting framework for much civic recreation, thus extending civic recreation theory to anticipate not only its constructive outcomes, but also the perpetuation of socio-cultural-political marginalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is structured around a thesis that the historical and colonial roots of modern development shape contemporary development themes and discourses, and that these in turn influence the metrics and indicators used to measure development. The article looks into how colonial relations shape contemporary development themes; the historical evolution of the key themes and measurements of development; finally, how various important "developers," particularly multilateral and bilateral development agencies, use their epistemic privilege to influence the metrics or indicators that we use to measure development, with particular emphasis on the measures of poverty and inequality. The paper uses a historically grounded narrative structure in demonstrating how colonial legacies have continued to influence development discourse and the related metrics and indicators used in development theory and practice. Finally, the author identifies future avenues of research, particularly how metrics or measures might correspondingly shape emerging development themes and discourses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although editorial cartoons occupy an integral place on the editorial pages of most newspapers, they have seldom been a topic of research, especially First Nations cartoons. Editorial cartoons offer readers clarity and humour and quickly present a point of view. Everett Soop, of the Blackfoot First Nation and contributor to the Kanai News, fits the description of Trickster through his often ironic and satirical politically charged editorial cartoons. This paper provides an introduction to issues surrounding Indigenous/Mainstream relations in Canada during 1969-70 by unpacking several of Soop's editorial cartoons. During this period in Canadian history Trudeau's Liberal government produced an assimilationist policy document levelled at Canada's First Nations and titled the White Paper, which sparked a united voice of resistance among Canada's Indigenous peoples and eventually led to the withdrawal of the proposed changes to the Indian Act. Everett Soop's cartoons from this period provide a discerning analysis of this affair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper theoretically demonstrates the potential of textual space in making an important contribution to school ethos and cultural pedagogy. It demonstrates how culturally-inclusive (representational) textual space can be expanded throughout the school and could contribute to social justice and decolonisation efforts beyond the English Literature classroom. This is increasingly important in an age of culturally and politically securitised schooling, where government control exercised at the macro-level (colonial/neoliberal education policy) and micro-level (teaching and learning; the enactment of the formal curriculum) reproduces cultural inequality. This paper therefore argues for textual space in the English Literature classroom to be appropriated as a representational, dialogical, historical and connected space (in opposition to neoliberalism's decontextualising and atomising agenda) for real-world political action and the democratisation of cultural production within the wider school environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes institutional change during the British colonial period (1878–1960) and briefly after independence in Cyprus and discusses different types of institutional transformations and the features of resulting institutions and the likely effects on organizations. By doing this, it aims to contribute to management and organization studies by adopting the view that institutionalization is an inherently historical process and may be better understood through historical analysis. The institutions considered are the legal system, education and industrial relations. Findings suggest that incremental processes of change led to both evolutionary and radical changes in institutions and that the type of institutional transformations included replacement, displacement and layering. Resulting institutions at the end of the colonial period are characterized by uniformity, bipolarism and diversity, and these features offer more ‘socioeconomic space’ for organizations to function in. Similar shifts in respective institutions are expected in other excolonies, and these institutional features are likely to differentiate, it is argued, ex-colonies from socioeconomically similar countries that did not go through colonial rule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I analyse Shaheer Tarar's artwork Jack Pine (2019) to question how settler colonialism is produced and reproduced through surveillant visualisations of the land. Specifically, I explore how Tarar's representations of surveillant images of the land critically engages with historical and ongoing narratives of white settlement in the Canadian territory. As such, I ask: what knowledges are produced through looking at the land with a surveillant lens? And how does art reveal, trouble, challenge, and resist these knowledges? The underlying premise of my discussion is that surveillance and colonialism are twin logics, that they work in reciprocity to define ownership, extraction, and histories of the land that naturalise white settlement. In centralising Tarar's art installation as producing new ways of understanding this context, I explore how surveillance art here can reveal the relationship between settler colonial histories and surveillant viewing through how they imagine and represent the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is often assumed that colonial administrators across North Africa were involved, explicitly or implicitly, in the suppression of fuṣḥā (classical Arabic). This paper adds nuance to such generalisations by examining debates over Arabic language pedagogy during the French protectorate in Morocco. Drawing on official correspondence and internal notes exchanged between the Direction de l'instruction publique (DIP) and local school administrators, this article shows that, far from disregarding Arabic as a school subject, French colonial administrators actively attempted to reform and modernise Arabic language pedagogy by drawing on European pedagogical methodologies and new trends in foreign language teaching. I argue that these overlooked pedagogical reforms radically, if unintentionally, reframed classical Arabic from a divinely privileged language offering unique access to knowledge about the world, to merely one language amongst others, a token of a type, in need of being taught according to the universal rules of language pedagogy. In doing so, I suggest that protectorate-era Arabic classes in DIP-run schools helped lay the foundation for postcolonial debates over Arabisation and the status of Arabic dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand why some nations are more innovative than others, this paper considers the influence of socio-historic dimensions of colonialism and income inequality. Using data from 72 nations over the years 1997–2018, we find that ethnic income inequality (along with income inequality) and ethnolinguistic fractionalization of the population reduced the pace of innovation. These findings underscore the role of income distribution and other social factors in facilitating innovation. Furthermore, nations with a colonial past were more innovative, ceteris paribus, whereas nations with long histories (longevity) were no different from others. Finally, we found some support for presidential democracies fostering more innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the paper is an analysis of selected historical events that took place in Uruwa Valley among Nungon people. The events – relocation of a village and religious conflict – still affect the life of the community. The author has partially reconstructed the events using archival materials, especially patrol reports, and printed documents. The course of reconstructed events differs from the local peoples' recollections of the same past. The article confronts different versions of the past without seeking the 'truth' of Nungon past events; rather, it aims to demonstrate the plurality of voices – local people and Australian patrol officers – and to present the importance of the past events for the life of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]